SAE J1052 机动车辆驾驶员及乘客头部包络及定位(中英文对照)

SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and enginee ring sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”

SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invit e s your written comments and suggestions. Copyright ?2002 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.

SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and enginee ring sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”

SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invit e s your written comments and suggestions. Copyright ?2002 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.

1.Scope—This SAE Recommended Practice describes head position contours and procedures for locating the

contours in a vehicle. Head position contours are useful in establishing accommodation requirements for head space and are required for several measures defined in SAE J1100. Separate contours are defined depending on occupant seat location and the desired percentage (95 and 99) of occupant accommodation.

This document is primarily focused on application to Class A vehicles (see SAE J1100), which include most personal-use vehicles (passenger cars, sport utility vehicles, pick-up trucks). A procedure for use in Class B vehicles can be found in Appendix B.

2.References

2.1Applicable Publications—The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified

herein. Unless otherwise specified, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.

2.1.1SAE P UBLICATIO NS—Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.

SAE J941—Motor Vehicle Drivers’ Eye Locations

SAE J1052 MAY87—Motor Vehicle Driver and Passenger Head Position

SAE J1052 APR97—Motor Vehicle Driver and Passenger Head Position

SAE J1100—Motor Vehicle Dimensions

SAE J1516—Accommodation Tool Reference Point

SAE J1517—Driver Selected Seat Position

SAE Paper 650464—J.F. Meldrum (1965), “Automobile Driver Eye Position,” SAE Mid-Year Meeting, Chicago, IL

SAE Paper 720200—D.C. Hammond and R.W. Roe (1972), “Driver Head And Eye Positions,” SAE Annual Congress, Detroit, MI

SAE Paper 750356—R.W. Roe (1975), “Describing the Driver's Workspace: Eye, Head, Knee, and Seat Positions,” SAE Annual Congress, Detroit, MI

SAE Paper 852317 (in SAE Special Pub. 712)—N.L. Philippart and T.J. Keuchenmeister (1985),“Describing the Truck Driver Workspace”, SAE Truck & Bus Meeting, Chicago, IL

2.1.2UMTRI P UB LICATION—Available from UMTRI, RIPC, 2901 Baxter Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2150. Email:

umtridocs@https://www.360docs.net/doc/0514319905.html,, 734-764-2171.

Lee, N.S. and Schneider, L.W. “A Preliminary Investigation of Driver Lean in Late Model Vehicles with Bench and Bucket Seats,” UMTRI Report No. UMTRI-88-49, November 1988

https://www.360docs.net/doc/0514319905.html,ing the Head Position Contours in Design—The following considerations should be kept in mind when

applying head position contours during design. Head position contours are models that describe occupant head locations for a population, not an individual. In this document, the head contours for Class A vehicles are based on a USA population having an equal number of males and females. Head position contours are constructed as tangent cutoff tools by applying a mean head profile (SAE Paper 750356) to the appropriate tangent cutoff eyellipse. (See Figure 1.) This means that a plane drawn tangent to the surface of a 95 percentile head position contour will result in 95% of the head locations lying on one side of the plane, while 5% will be on the other. It does not mean that the 95th percentile head position contour contains 95 percent of occupant head locations inside its surface.

The surface of a head position contour represents the surface of the population of heads with hair. If the top of the 95% head contour is just touching a vehicle surface, this means that 5% of a population consisting of half males/half females would have their head or hair contacting a vehicle surface when sitting in their preferred seating posture. Designers will need to add additional clearance around the head contours in order to prevent occupants’ head or hair from touching vehicle surfaces and structures in normal driving or riding postures.

1.范围 —本SAE工业标准描述了头部位置包络以及车辆头部包络定位的设计程序。头部位置包络可以用于设定室内尺

寸对于头部空间的要求，在SAE J1100里定义的一些尺寸也需要头部位置包络。每个包络的定义依赖于乘员（居住者：包络驾驶员和乘客）的座椅位置和乘员不同百分位（95和99）的分布。

本文件首先致力于头部位置包络在A类车辆（参考SAE J1100）中的实际应用，A类车辆包络了大部分的乘用 车（轿车，多功能运动车，皮卡）。B类车辆的设计程序参考附B。

2.参考资料

2.1引用文件—以下文件通过引用而成为本标准的一部分。除非特别说明，以下SAE文件的最新版本同样适用。

2.1.1SAE 出版物—Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.

SAE J941—机动车辆驾驶员的眼睛位置

SAE J1052 MAY87—机动车辆驾驶员和乘客的头部位置

SAE J1052 APR97—机动车辆驾驶员和乘客的头部位置

SAE J1100—机动车辆尺寸

SAE J1516—室内设备的参考点

SAE J1517—驾驶员座椅位置的选择

SAE 论文 650464—J.F. Meldrum (1965), “汽车驾驶员眼睛的位置” ,SAE Mid-Year Meeting,

Chicago, IL

SAE 论文 720200—D.C. Hammond and R.W. Roe (1972), “驾驶员头部和眼睛位置,” SAE Annual Congress, Detroit, MI

SAE Paper 750356—R.W. Roe (1975), “Describing the Driver's Workspace: Eye, Head, Knee, and Seat Positions,” SAE Annual Congress, Detroit, MI

SAE Paper 852317 (in SAE Special Pub. 712)—N.L. Philippart and T.J. Keuchenmeister (1985),“Describing the Truck Driver Workspace”, SAE Truck & Bus Meeting, Chicago, IL

2.1.2UMTRI P UB LICATION—Available from UMTRI, RIPC, 2901 Baxter Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2150. Email:

umtridocs@https://www.360docs.net/doc/0514319905.html,, 734-764-2171.

Lee, N.S. and Schneider, L.W. “A Preliminary Investigation of Driver Lean in Late Model Vehicles with Bench and Bucket Seats,” UMTRI Report No. UMTRI-88-49, November 1988

3.在设计中使用头部位置包络 —在设计中应用头部位置包络需要注意以下事项。头部位置包络所表述的是乘员人群

总体的头部定位模型，而不是代表某个个体。本文档里，A类车辆头部包络是以美国人口总体（男女均等）为基础的。头部位置包络是通过特定的眼椭圆相对应的头部轮廓均值以切线法绘制的（见图1）。这意味着与第95百分位头部包络面相切的一平面会导致95%的头部位置在平面的一边，剩下的5%在另一边。Head position contours are constructed as tangent cutoff tools by applying a mean head profile (SAE Paper 750356) to the appropriate tangent cutoff eyellipse. (See Figure 1.) This means that a plane drawn tangent to the surface of a 95

percentile head position contour will result in 95% of the head locations lying on one side of the plane, while 5% will be on the other.并不是说第95百分位的头部包络面包含了95%的人口总体头部在里面。

头部包络面包括头部的毛发。如果95%的头部包络恰好碰到了车辆顶部内表面，这意味着存在5%男女均等的人口总体，当他们以舒适的姿态坐在座椅上时，他们的头部或毛发将与车顶内表面干涉。因此，设计师需要在头部包络周面增加额外的公差以避免在正常的驾驶或乘坐姿态下，乘员的头部或毛发触碰到车顶内表面。

4.Selecting the Correct Head Position Contour—Three factors determine which head contour to use: seat

track travel length (TL23), desired accommodation percentile value, and occupant seat location.

4.1Seat Track Travel, TL23—The size and location of the head position contour varies depending on the amount of fore/aft seat track travel available. There are three categories of seat track travel: 0 mm (fixed seat), up to 133 mm, and greater than 133 mm.

Seat track travel also determines the side view angle of the contour. For adjustable seats (track travel greater than 0 mm), the head contour is tipped down in front 12 degrees. Head contours for fixed seats are not tipped.

4.2Accommodation Percentile Values—Head position contours for 95th and 99th accommodation percentiles

are provided. Percentile value affects the size of the contour, with the 99th percentile contour larger than the 95th. Only the 95th percentile head position contours are required for dimensions given in SAE J1100.

4.3

Occupant Seat Location—For the driver and front outboard passenger, the head position contours are 23mm wider in rear view than for other occupants. The additional 23 mm is located outboard of occupant centerline. There are 6 possible head position contours available for the driver and front outboard passenger depending on the amount of seat track travel available and the desired accommodation percentile value.Adjustable seat head position contours are also used for the center occupant in the front row. In this case, the 23 mm segment should not be incorporated into the adjustable seat head contour.

For all other occupant seat locations, only two contours are provided – 95th percentile fixed seat and 99th percentile fixed seat. For rear seats that allow occupants to adjust the fore/aft seat travel and/or the back angle, there are not data from which a head position contour can be developed, located, and selected. Until such data are available, use of the fixed seat head contour is recommended.

5.Head Position Contour Geometry—Head position contours are constructed by modifying 3-D ellipsoids. The

size of the initial ellipsoid, defined by the length of the X, Y, and Z axes, depends on the desired accommodation percentile value and amount of seat track travel. The centroid of the initial ellipsoid is the point used for positioning the completed head contour.

The size and shape of the completed head contour depends on the desired percentile value, amount of seat track travel, and occupant seat location.

5.1Construct an Ellipsoid—Construct the appropriate ellipsoid using the values in Table 1. Identify the centroid

of the ellipsoid and maintain this point.

5.2Discard Lower Half—The lower half of the ellipsoid is not used in any of the contours and should be

discarded. The centroid identified in 5.1 will now be centered at the bottom of the completed contour.

NOTE—This completes construction of the head contours for fixed seat rear passengers. (See Figure 2.)

TABLE 1—ELLIPSOID AXES DIMENSIONS (mm)

Percentile

Value

Seat Track Travel (TL23)Axis Length from Centroid X Axis Length from Centroid Y Axis Length from Centroid Z 95th >133 mm

± 211.25± 143.75± 133.50< or = 133 mm

± 198.76± 143.75± 133.500 mm (fixed seat)

± 173.31± 143.41± 147.0799th >133 mm

± 246.04± 166.79± 151.00< or = 133 mm

± 232.40± 166.79± 151.000 mm (fixed seat)± 198.00± 165.20± 169.66

4.

选择正确的头部位置包络 — 选择哪个头部包络主要由三个因素来决定：座椅调节长度 (TL23), 可适用的百分位值，以及乘员座椅的位置。 4.1座椅调节长度, TL23 — 头部位置包络的位置和尺寸随着座椅前后位置的调整量而变化。座椅的轨道行程分为三类：0 mm（固定的座椅），0到133 mm，大于133 mm。

座椅轨迹行程也决定侧视图上包络的角度。对于可调座椅（轨道行程大于0 mm），头部包络前倾12度。固定座椅的头部包络不前倾。

4.2可适用的百分位数值 — 头部位置包络提供了第95百分位和第99百分位两个范围的数组。百分位值影响包络的尺寸，第99百分位的包络要大于第95百分位的。在SAE J1100里给出的尺寸，依赖的仅是第95百分位的头部位置包络。

4.3乘员座椅位置 — 从后视图看，驾驶员和前排外侧乘客的头部位置包络比其他乘员宽23 mm。额外的23 mm位于外侧乘员的中心线处。根据座椅轨迹行程数值和不同的百分位数值要求，驾驶员和前排外侧乘客的头部位置包络有6种可能性。可调座椅头部位置包络同样可以应用于第一排中间位置的乘客。在这种情况下，23 mm 切线长不合并到可调座椅的头部包络中。

而对于其他座椅位置的乘员，仅提供第95百分位固定座椅和第99百分位固定座椅供给2种包络。而对于那些允许乘员调整前后行程和/或调节靠背角的后排座椅，本标准不提供哪个头部位置包络可用来研究，定位和选择的数据。如果需要这方面的数据，建议使用固定座椅的包络。

5.头部位置包络体 — 头部位置包络通过修改三维椭圆体来绘制。初始椭圆体的尺寸，依据所要求的百分位数值范围和座椅轨迹行程，由X轴、Y轴和Z轴的长度定义。初始椭圆体的中心点用来定位完整的头部包络。

完整的头部包络，其尺寸和形状依赖于所要求的百分位数值，座椅轨迹行程，和乘员座椅位置。

5.1

绘制一个椭圆体 — 使用表1提供的数值绘制可用的椭圆体。确定椭圆体的中心，并保存该点。

5.2丢弃下半部分 — 在任何包络中，下半部分的椭圆体都不被使用，应该予以删除（丢弃）。5.1中确定的中心点将会成为完成的包络里底部的中心。

注意 —到此已完成了后排固定座椅乘客的头部包络的绘制 (见图2）。

表 1—椭圆体轴的尺寸 (mm)

百分位

数值

座椅轨迹行程 (TL23) 前后轴长X 左右轴长Y 上下轴长Z 95th >133 mm

± 211.25± 143.75± 133.50< or = 133 mm

± 198.76± 143.75± 133.500 mm (fixed seat)

± 173.31± 143.41± 147.0799th >133 mm

± 246.04± 166.79± 151.00< or = 133 mm

± 232.40± 166.79± 151.000 mm (fixed seat)± 198.00± 165.20± 169.66

5.3Extend Contour, Driver and Front Row Outboard Passenger Only—Head position contours used for driver

and front row outboard passengers are asymmetrical in rear view. The contours extend 23 mm farther on the outboard side than on the inboard side. Note in this case the ellipsoid centroid will not be at the center of the completed head contour. See Figure 3.

Divide the contour in half along the lateral (Y) centerplane, while maintaining the position of the ellipsoid centroid relative to the inboard section. Following the x,z curve of the ellipsoid centerline section, create a lateral segment 23 mm wide. Put this in the middle of the divided contour. The inboard edge of the 23 mm segment is located at the same Y as the ellipsoid centroid. Dimensions for the completed head position contours are provided in Table 2 (95th percentile contours) and Table 3 (99th percentile contours).

5.4Orient Axes—For adjustable seat contours, the front of the head position contour is angled down in side view

12 degrees. Other axes are parallel to vehicle grid.

For fixed seats, all head position contour axes are parallel to vehicle grid.

6.Locating Head Position Contours in Class A Vehicles—The head contours may be located relative to the

cyclopean eyellipse centroid or directly from vehicle grid. The location of the head contour relative to eyellipse centroid depends only on the amount of seat track travel. For all head contours and conditions, the centroid of the head ellipsoid is located at the same y coordinate as the cyclopean eyellipse centroid, which is at the SgRP y coordinate (W20, occupant centerline).

TABLE 2—95TH PERCENTILE HEAD POSITION CONTOUR DIMENSIONS: DISTANCE FROM

ELLIPSOID CENTROID TO OUTER EDGE OF THE HEAD POSITION CONTOUR (mm)

Occupant Seat

Location

Seat Track Travel (TL23)X Y INBOARD Y OUTBOARD Z Driver and Front Outboard

Passenger >133 mm

± 211.25143.75166.75+ 133.50< or = 133 mm

± 198.76143.75166.75+ 133.500 mm (fixed seat)

± 173.31143.41166.41+ 147.07Front Center Passenger >133 mm

± 211.25143.75143.75+ 133.50< or = 133 mm

± 198.76143.75143.75+ 133.50All Other Passengers 0 mm (fixed seat)± 173.31143.41143.41+ 147.07

TABLE 3—99TH PERCENTILE HEAD POSITION CONTOUR DIMENSIONS: DISTANCE FROM

ELLIPSOID CENTROID TO OUTER EDGE OF THE HEAD POSITION CONTOUR (mm)

Occupant Seat

Location

Seat Track Travel (TL23)X Y INBOARD Y OUTBOARD Z Driver and Front Outboard

Passenger >133 mm

± 246.04166.79189.79+ 151.00< or = 133 mm

± 232.40166.79189.79+ 151.000 mm (fixed seat)

± 198.00165.20188.20+ 169.66Front Center Passenger >133 mm

± 246.04166.79166.79+ 151.00< or = 133 mm

± 232.40166.79166.79+ 151.00All Other Passengers 0 mm (fixed seat)± 198.00165.20165.20+ 169.66

5.3扩展包络，仅对于驾驶员和前排外侧乘客 — 从后视图看，驾驶员和前排乘客的头部位置包络是不对称的。相对于内侧乘员，这个包络往外延伸了23 mm。注意在这种情况下，椭圆体的中心将不是完成了的头部包络的中心。见图3。

用Y平面将包络切成2半，将椭圆体中心位置与内侧部分关联。通过椭圆体中心线断面的X，Z曲线，创建宽23 mm 的切面。将这段切面置于切开的包络的中间。这段23 mm切面的内侧边界与椭圆体中心的Y坐标位置相同。完成了的头部位置包络参考表2（第95百分位包络）和表3（第99百分位包络）。

5.4方向轴 — 对于可调座椅的包络，从侧视图上看，头部位置包络向前倾斜12度。其他轴线与车辆网格线平行。

对于固定座椅，头部位置包络的所有轴线都与车辆网格线平行。

6.A 类车辆头部位置包络的定位 — 头部包络的位置可以与眼椭圆中心点相关，或者直接通过车辆网格线定位。与眼椭圆相关联的头部包络的位置仅仅依赖于座椅轨迹行程的数值。对于所有的头部包络以及各种状态，其头部椭圆的中心点Y轴与眼椭圆中心点相同，即SgRP 点的Y坐标（W20，乘员中心线）。

表 2 — 第95百分位头部位置包络尺寸：从椭圆体中心点到头部位置包络外侧的距离（mm）

乘员座椅位置

座椅轨迹行程 (TL23)X Y 内侧Y 外侧Z 驾驶员和前排外侧乘客

>133 mm

± 211.25143.75166.75+ 133.50< or = 133 mm

± 198.76143.75166.75+ 133.500 mm (fixed seat)

± 173.31143.41166.41+ 147.07Front Center Passenger >133 mm

± 211.25143.75143.75+ 133.50< or = 133 mm

± 198.76143.75143.75+ 133.50All Other Passengers 0 mm (fixed seat)± 173.31143.41143.41+ 147.07

TABLE 3—99TH PERCENTILE HEAD POSITION CONTOUR DIMENSIONS: DISTANCE FROM ELLIPSOID CENTROID TO OUTER EDGE OF THE HEAD POSITION CONTOUR (mm)

Occupant Seat

Location

Seat Track Travel (TL23)X Y INBOARD Y OUTBOARD Z Driver and Front Outboard

Passenger >133 mm

± 246.04166.79189.79+ 151.00< or = 133 mm

± 232.40166.79189.79+ 151.000 mm (fixed seat)

± 198.00165.20188.20+ 169.66Front Center Passenger >133 mm

± 246.04166.79166.79+ 151.00< or = 133 mm

± 232.40166.79166.79+ 151.00All Other Passengers 0 mm (fixed seat)± 198.00165.20165.20+ 169.66

6.1Locating from Cyclopean Eyellipse Centroid—To locate the head contour, move its ellipsoid centroid in X,

Y, Z space relative to the centroid of the cyclopean eyellipse using the values provided in Table 4.

TABLE 4—DISTANCE FROM CYCLOPEAN EYELLIPSE CENTROID (SAE J941) TO

HEAD CONTOUR ELLIPSOID CENTROID (mm)

Seat Track Travel (TL23)X h Y h Z h

> 133 mm90.6052.6

< or = 133 mm89.5045.9

0 mm (fixed seat)85.4042.0

6.2Locating from Vehicle Grid—Alternatively, the head position contours may be located directly from vehicle

grid without first locating the cyclopean eyellipse centroid. These locating equations are provided in Table 5.

TABLE 5—HEAD CONTOUR ELLIPSOID CENTROID RELATIVE TO VEHICLE GRID (mm)

Seat Track Travel (TL23)Head Ellipsoid Centroid Location

Greater than 0 mm X = L1 + 664 + 0.587(L6) – 0.176(H30) – 12.5t + X h Eq. 1

Y = W20Eq. 2

Z = H8 + 638 + H30 + Z h Eq. 3

0 mm (fixed seat)X = L31 + 640sinδ + X h Eq. 4

Y = W20Eq. 5

Z = H70 + 640cosδ + Z h Eq. 6 where

δ = 0.719(A40) – 9.6

and

X h and Z h are selected from the appropriate row of Table 4,

L1 is the PRP x coordinate,

L6 is the x-distance from steering wheel center to PRP,

H30 is the z coordinate of the SgRP, measured vertically from AHP,

t is transmission type (1 with clutch pedal, 0 without clutch pedal),

W20 is SgRP y coordinate,

H8 is AHP z coordinate,

δ is the side view fixed seat eyellipse angle in degrees (z-axis tipped back at the top from vertical), and

A40 is the design occupant back angle.

7.Assessing Head Clearance—Head clearance is established as the closest distance between the head

position contour and any protrusion or interior surface. This distance is measured normal (90 degrees) to the head position contour. (See Figure 4.) To accommodate the percentage of occupants represented by a given percentile head position contour, there must be some space between that head position contour and the vehicle interior surfaces. Otherwise, some occupants would have their head or hair contacting a vehicle interior surface.

Head clearance dimensions defined in SAE J1100 are based on side and rear view sections cut normal to grid through the head contour ellipsoid centroid.

6.1通过眼椭圆中心点定位 — 为了定位头部包络，按照表4提供的相对于眼椭圆中心点的数值沿X、Y、Z轴移动其椭圆体的中心。

6.2通过车辆网格线定位 — 头部位置包络叶可以直接通过车辆网格线定位，而不依靠眼椭圆中心点。表5提供了这类定位的定位公式。

其中

δ = 0.719(A40) – 9.6

X h 和 Z h 在表 4 内取值，

L1 是 PRP 点的X坐标，

L6 是转向盘中心到 PRP 点的X距离，

H30 是 AHP 到 SgRP 点垂向（Z向）距离，

t 指传动系统的类型（1 - 有离合踏板，0 - 无离合踏板），

W20 为 SgRP 点的 Y 坐标，

H8 为 AHP 点的 Z 坐标，

δ 为侧视图上看固定座椅眼椭圆的前倾角度（ °），

A40 为乘客座椅靠背角的设计值。

7.头部间隙估计 — 头部间隙是指头部位置包络和车辆内表面或其任何突起物之间的最小距离，该距离是指突起物或内表面到头部位置包络的法向（90度）值（见图4）。为了能够容纳一定百分位的乘员（给定百分位的头部位置包络），在头部位置包络和车辆内表面间必须预留一定的空间。否则，某些乘员的头部或毛发会与车辆内表面干涉。

头部间隙尺寸在 SAE J1100 里的定义基于侧视图和后视图中头部包络椭圆体中心点到车辆网格线的法向距离。

表 4 — 从眼椭圆（SAE J941）中心点到头部包络椭圆体中心点的距离（mm ）

Seat Track Travel (TL23)

X h Y h Z h > 133 mm

90.6052.6 < or = 133 mm

89.5045.90 mm (fixed seat)85.4042.0

表 5 — 与车辆网格线相关的头部包络椭圆体中心（mm）

座椅轨迹行程 (TL23)

头部椭圆体中心位置坐标Greater than 0 mm X = L1 + 664 + 0.587(L6) – 0.176(H30) – 12.5t + X h

Eq. 1Y = W20

Eq. 2Z = H8 + 638 + H30 + Z h

Eq. 30 mm (fixed seat)X = L31 + 640sin δ + X h

Eq. 4Y = W20

Eq. 5Z = H70 + 640cos δ + Z h Eq. 6

EYE REFERENCE OF MEAN HEAD AROUND EYELLIPSE

FIGURE 2—HEAD POSITION CONTOURS FOR CLASS A VEHICLES WITH FIXED SEATS

WITH SEAT TRACK TRAVEL GREATER THAN 133 mm

FIGURE 4—MINIMUM HEAD CLEARANCE

8.Notes

8.1Marginal Indicia—The change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating

areas where technical revisions have been made to the previous issue of the report. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the report.

PREPARED BY THE SAE HUMAN ACCOMMODATIONS AND

DESIGN DEVICES STANDARDS COMMITTEE

8.注意

8.1旁注标记 —页面左边空白处的变更栏（I）向读者标出相对于前一版本而言在本次修订中作出技术上修改的区域。

文档标题左侧的（R）标签表明这是一个完整版本的报告。

PREPARED BY THE SAE HUMAN ACCOMMODATIONS AND

DESIGN DEVICES STANDARDS COMMITTEE

APPENDIX A

DEVELOPMENT OF HEAD POSITION CONTOURS

A.1Prior SAE J1052 Historical Information

A.1.1Driver Head Locations in Class A Vehicles—Previous driver head position contours were developed using

data gathered from head and eye position studies (SAE Papers 650464, 720200) and anthropometric data of the head (SAE Paper 750356). Mean top of head (including hair) and back of head (including hair) were determined relative to the eye from these studies. The mean front and side of head was determined relative to the eye from anthropometric data. This information was used to develop a mean head profile in side and rear view referenced to a cyclopean eye (SAE Paper 750356).

Driver head position contours were developed by placing the mean head profile over the side view eyellipses and tracing the head contours as the eye was spotted around the eyellipses. (See Figure 1.) A rear view driver head location contour for the adjustable seat was generated from a rear view eyellipse taken from the original driver's eye position study (SAE Paper 720200). This was a rear view composite of the data from the Ford, Chevrolet and Plymouth convertibles (SAE Paper 650464). Only the upper half of the eyellipses was used.

Lateral shift of the outboard side of the driver head contour was made to account for lateral head movement (see A.1.2). This resulted in a 23 mm flat segment between the left and right side of the driver head position contours.

To simplify the mathematical definition of the head position contours, the two-dimensional side and rear views were approximated as ellipses which allows the three dimensional model to be a simple ellipsoid. The Driver Seat Head Position contours defined in SAE J1052 MAY87 differed slightly from the ellipsoid model in SAE J1052 APR97. The differences varied with location around the contour and did not exceed 6 mm. In addition, to simplify the model, the plan view and rear view tilt of the eyellipses were not reflected in the head position contour geometry. Only the downward side view tilt was retained. The resulting simple ellipsoid models provided sufficient statistical accuracy to define head location.

The head contours can be interpreted as parameters of envelopes formed by an infinite number of planes dividing head positions so that (P) percent of the heads are on one side of the plane and (100-P) percent are on the other. For example, if a plane seen as a straight line in the side view is drawn tangent to the upper edge of the 95th percentile head position contour, then 95% of the heads will be below the line and 5% will be above.

Head clearance is established as the closest distance between the head position contour and any protrusion or surface. This distance is typically measured normal (90 degrees) to the head contour surface. (See Figure 4.) These head locations were based on a 50/50 male/female population mix, with heads positioned for straight-ahead viewing. 99% and 95% driver head position contours were defined for vehicles with shorter seat track travels (less than 133 mm) and for vehicles with longer seat track travels (greater than 133 mm). (See Figure

3.) Previously head location was modeled as a function of seat back angle for adjustable seats, so a locator

function based on Seating Reference Point (SgRP) and design back angle was used to position the head contours (SAE Paper 750356).

A.1.2Driver Lateral Head Excursions—The original head position contours were based on eye locations looking

straight ahead in open top vehicles with bench seats without shoulder restraint (unrestricted lateral positioning). Subsequently, vehicle designs having more contoured seats and shoulder restraints restricted lateral variability of driver position in the seat, and as a result, the width of the head position contour was reduced. However, lateral movement caused by driver's need to look to the left and right had to be included in determining the width of the head clearance contours in order to meaningfully represent the true lateral head clearance needs of drivers. Vertical and longitudinal movement were not considered since movement in these directions was assumed to less be frequent and less pronounced. Data on driver mean lateral head movement (Lee, 1988) were used to define the width and lateral placement of the driver head position contour. These data shifted the outboard side of the 95% driver's head contour outboard 23 mm (167 mm from seat

附 A

头部位置包络的发展

A.1 SAE J1052 历史版本的信息

A.1.1$类车辆的驾驶员头部位置 —早先的驾驶员头部位置包络研制的数据来源于头部和眼睛位置研究（SAE Papers

650464, 720200）和头部的人体测量数据（SAE Paper 750356）。头顶（含毛发）和头部后面（含毛发）的平均数值从上述研究报告的眼睛相关。头部前面和侧面的均值与人体测量数据的眼睛相关。这些信息用来研发与眼椭圆 (SAE Paper 750356)相关的侧视、后视头部平均轮廓。

Driver head position contours were developed by placing the mean head profile over the side view eyellipses and tracing the head contours as the eye was spotted around the eyellipses. (See Figure 1.) A rear view driver head location contour for the adjustable seat was generated from a rear view eyellipse taken from the original driver's eye position study (SAE Paper 720200). This was a rear view composite of the data from the Ford, Chevrolet and Plymouth convertibles (SAE Paper 650464). Only the upper half of the eyellipses was used.

Lateral shift of the outboard side of the driver head contour was made to account for lateral head movement (see A.1.2). This resulted in a 23 mm flat segment between the left and right side of the driver head position contours.

To simplify the mathematical definition of the head position contours, the two-dimensional side and rear views were approximated as ellipses which allows the three dimensional model to be a simple ellipsoid. The Driver Seat Head Position contours defined in SAE J1052 MAY87 differed slightly from the ellipsoid model in SAE J1052 APR97. The differences varied with location around the contour and did not exceed 6 mm. In addition, to simplify the model, the plan view and rear view tilt of the eyellipses were not reflected in the head position contour geometry. Only the downward side view tilt was retained. The resulting simple ellipsoid models

provided sufficient statistical accuracy to define head location.

The head contours can be interpreted as parameters of envelopes formed by an infinite number of planes

dividing head positions so that (P) percent of the heads are on one side of the plane and (100-P) percent are on the other. For example, if a plane seen as a straight line in the side view is drawn tangent to the upper edge of the 95th percentile head position contour, then 95% of the heads will be below the line and 5% will be above.

Head clearance is established as the closest distance between the head position contour and any protrusion or surface. This distance is typically measured normal (90 degrees) to the head contour surface. (See Figure 4.) These head locations were based on a 50/50 male/female population mix, with heads positioned for straight-ahead viewing. 99% and 95% driver head position contours were defined for vehicles with shorter seat track travels (less than 133 mm) and for vehicles with longer seat track travels (greater than 133 mm). (See Figure

3.) Previously head location was modeled as a function of seat back angle for adjustable seats, so a locator

function based on Seating Reference Point (SgRP) and design back angle was used to position the head

contours (SAE Paper 750356).

A.1.2Driver Lateral Head Excursions—The original head position contours were based on eye locations looking

straight ahead in open top vehicles with bench seats without shoulder restraint (unrestricted lateral

positioning). Subsequently, vehicle designs having more contoured seats and shoulder restraints restricted lateral variability of driver position in the seat, and as a result, the width of the head position contour was

reduced. However, lateral movement caused by driver's need to look to the left and right had to be included in determining the width of the head clearance contours in order to meaningfully represent the true lateral head clearance needs of drivers. Vertical and longitudinal movement were not considered since movement in these directions was assumed to less be frequent and less pronounced. Data on driver mean lateral head movement (Lee, 1988) were used to define the width and lateral placement of the driver head position contour. These data shifted the outboard side of the 95% driver's head contour outboard 23 mm (167 mm from seat

centerline). The inboard side (144 mm from seat centerline) was not widened, because it’s unlikely there will be clearance problems on that side. The result was an asymmetrical rear view. The widened 95% and 99% contours provided an allowance for a mean maximum head turn excursion. Practically, the 23 mm shift of the 95% contour outboard approximately aligned with the head contours generated previously using the lean equation (0.85 W7 + 0.075 W3). This meant that dimensional comparisons made with the 1987 and 1997-based driver head clearance contours would be generally similar.

A.1.3Passenger (Fixed Seat) Head Locations in Class A Vehicles—Fixed-seat head position contours were

developed by placing the mean head profile over the side and rear view fixed seat eyellipses developed in SAE Paper 750356 and tracing the head contours as the eye is spotted around the fixed seat eyellipses. Only the upper half of the fixed seat eyellipse was used. These head position contours were used to describe seated passenger head locations in any seat that is not adjustable for Class A vehicles. All applications are limited to

a 50/50 male/female population mix. A locator function was used to position the contour according to seat back

angle.

The fixed seat head position contours were approximated as true ellipsoids in side and rear view so that the three dimensional model was a simple ellipsoid. The fixed seat ellipsoid model in J1052 APR97 differed very slightly from the previous fixed seat contours given in SAE J1052 MAY87. In addition, the ellipsoid axes were aligned parallel to horizontal, vertical, and lateral vehicle axes. (See Figure 2.)

A.1.4Driver Head Locations in Class B Vehicles—Truck driver head location data were collected in the SAE

Truck Driver Anthropometric and Workspace Study in three heavy truck cab configurations with 381 mm of horizontal seat travel (SAE Paper 852317). Top-of-head and rear-of-head points (including hair) were determined relative to the eye for each driver. These data were used to construct boundaries that contained 95 and 99% of heads for various truck driver population mixes of males and females.

The same procedures and the head forms in A.1.1 for developing head contours from the eyellipse were used to generate contours to compare with the experimentally determined boundaries. The mean head profile was rotated around the upper halves of the experimental eyellipses generated from eye location data collected in the same study. In all cases, contours generated from eyellipses approximated the experimental boundaries with less than 15 mm difference. These head contours were also similar in size and shape to the SAE head contours for adjustable seats described in A.1.1 regardless of proportions of males and females in the truck driver population. However, truck driver head contours were located farther forward, higher, and with greater side view slope than would be predicted using the locating procedure in A.1.1, because of differences in user populations and seating package geometry. Therefore, although head contours described in A.1.1 are appropriate for use in Class B vehicles, a new locating procedure and reference system was developed.

Locator equations were provided to position head contours in Class B workspaces for a range of back angles between 11 and 18 degrees. A separate equation is used for each of the populations representing the following ratios of males to females: 50/50, 75/25, and 90/10 to 95/5. See B.1.4.

A.2Development of Head Position Contours for this Revision—The method used to develop the head

position contours was similar to the previous method described in Section A.1 and illustrated in Figure 1. In addition to the mean head profile, three 3-dimensional average-size male head forms, scanned as part of the CAESAR data collection in The Netherlands, were used. Various 3-dimensional surfaces were fitted to the head position data. An acceptable fit to the data was provided by the existing elliptical surfaces defined in SAE J1052 APR97, after they were translated up and rearward. The adjustable seat contours were also rotated down at the front in side view from their prior location in the driver workspace.

The adjustable seat head position contours are based on a 50/50 male/female population mix. There are 99th and 95th percentile driver head position contours defined for vehicles with shorter seat track travels (less than 133 mm) and for vehicles with longer seat track travels (greater than 133 mm). (See Figure 3.) The width of the contours includes the same 23 mm flat section to provide some allowance for driver outboard head turn. (See

5.3.)

centerline). The inboard side (144 mm from seat centerline) was not widened, because it’s unlikely there will be clearance problems on that side. The result was an asymmetrical rear view. The widened 95% and 99%

contours provided an allowance for a mean maximum head turn excursion. Practically, the 23 mm shift of the 95% contour outboard approximately aligned with the head contours generated previously using the lean

equation (0.85 W7 + 0.075 W3). This meant that dimensional comparisons made with the 1987 and 1997-

based driver head clearance contours would be generally similar.

A.1.3Passenger (Fixed Seat) Head Locations in Class A Vehicles—Fixed-seat head position contours were

developed by placing the mean head profile over the side and rear view fixed seat eyellipses developed in SAE Paper 750356 and tracing the head contours as the eye is spotted around the fixed seat eyellipses. Only the upper half of the fixed seat eyellipse was used. These head position contours were used to describe seated passenger head locations in any seat that is not adjustable for Class A vehicles. All applications are limited to

a 50/50 male/female population mix. A locator function was used to position the contour according to seat back

angle.

The fixed seat head position contours were approximated as true ellipsoids in side and rear view so that the three dimensional model was a simple ellipsoid. The fixed seat ellipsoid model in J1052 APR97 differed very slightly from the previous fixed seat contours given in SAE J1052 MAY87. In addition, the ellipsoid axes were aligned parallel to horizontal, vertical, and lateral vehicle axes. (See Figure 2.)

A.1.4Driver Head Locations in Class B Vehicles—Truck driver head location data were collected in the SAE

Truck Driver Anthropometric and Workspace Study in three heavy truck cab configurations with 381 mm of horizontal seat travel (SAE Paper 852317). Top-of-head and rear-of-head points (including hair) were

determined relative to the eye for each driver. These data were used to construct boundaries that contained 95 and 99% of heads for various truck driver population mixes of males and females.

The same procedures and the head forms in A.1.1 for developing head contours from the eyellipse were used to generate contours to compare with the experimentally determined boundaries. The mean head profile was rotated around the upper halves of the experimental eyellipses generated from eye location data collected in the same study. In all cases, contours generated from eyellipses approximated the experimental boundaries with less than 15 mm difference. These head contours were also similar in size and shape to the SAE head contours for adjustable seats described in A.1.1 regardless of proportions of males and females in the truck driver population. However, truck driver head contours were located farther forward, higher, and with greater side view slope than would be predicted using the locating procedure in A.1.1, because of differences in user populations and seating package geometry. Therefore, although head contours described in A.1.1 are

appropriate for use in Class B vehicles, a new locating procedure and reference system was developed.

Locator equations were provided to position head contours in Class B workspaces for a range of back angles between 11 and 18 degrees. A separate equation is used for each of the populations representing the following ratios of males to females: 50/50, 75/25, and 90/10 to 95/5. See B.1.4.

A.2Development of Head Position Contours for this Revision—The method used to develop the head

position contours was similar to the previous method described in Section A.1 and illustrated in Figure 1. In addition to the mean head profile, three 3-dimensional average-size male head forms, scanned as part of the CAESAR data collection in The Netherlands, were used. Various 3-dimensional surfaces were fitted to the head position data. An acceptable fit to the data was provided by the existing elliptical surfaces defined in SAE J1052 APR97, after they were translated up and rearward. The adjustable seat contours were also rotated

down at the front in side view from their prior location in the driver workspace.

The adjustable seat head position contours are based on a 50/50 male/female population mix. There are 99th and 95th percentile driver head position contours defined for vehicles with shorter seat track travels (less than 133 mm) and for vehicles with longer seat track travels (greater than 133 mm). (See Figure 3.) The width of the contours includes the same 23 mm flat section to provide some allowance for driver outboard head turn. (See

5.3.)

Fixed-seat 95th and 99th percentile head position contours were developed in a similar manner, using the fixed seat eyellipses described in SAE J941. Each contour is an ellipsoidal surface that was fitted to head position data for a 50/50 male/female population mix. These head position contours can be used in Class A vehicles to describe seated passenger head locations in any seat that is not adjustable. (See 5.3.) The ellipsoid axes are parallel to the horizontal, vertical, and lateral vehicle axes. (See Figure 2.)

Fixed-seat 95th and 99th percentile head position contours were developed in a similar manner, using the fixed seat eyellipses described in SAE J941. Each contour is an ellipsoidal surface that was fitted to head position data for a 50/50 male/female population mix. These head position contours can be used in Class A vehicles to describe seated passenger head locations in any seat that is not adjustable. (See 5.3.) The ellipsoid axes are parallel to the horizontal, vertical, and lateral vehicle axes. (See Figure 2.)