高中英语构词法讲解与练习
高中英语构词法讲解与练习
一.类别
英语构词法主要有：合成法，转化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。
二.定义与精讲
1.转化法
英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
1)动词转化为名词
①很多动词可以转化为名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大的变化，如：
Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。
②有时意思有一定变化，如：
He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作，如：
Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。
2)名词转化为动词
①很多表示物件，如
Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗?
②身体部位，如：
Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。
③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，如：
She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。
④某些抽象名词也可作动词。如：
We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。
3)形容词转化为动词
有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如：
We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
4)副词转化为动词
有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如：
Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。
5)形容词转化为名词
①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词，如：
You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服
②某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数如下，如：
The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
2.派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。1)前缀
除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如：
appear出现→disappear消失
correct正确的→incorrect不正确的
lead带领→mislead领错
stop停下→non-stop不停
(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对；抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再；又), sub- (下面的；次；小), tele- (强调距离)等。例如：
alone单独的antigas防毒气的
autochart自动图表
cooperate合作enjoy使高兴
internet互联网reuse再用
subway地铁telephone电话
2)后缀
英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词，也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。
(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人)，-ess (雌性)，-ful (一……)，-ian (精通……的人)，-ist (专业人员)，-ment (性质；状态)，-ness (性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。例如：
differ不同于→difference区别
write写→writer作家
Japan日本→Japanese日本人
act表演→actress女演员
mouth口→mouthful一口
music音乐→musician音乐家
(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后)，-fy (使……化)，-ize (使……成为)。例如：wide→widen加宽
beauty→beautify美化
pure→purify提纯
real→realize意识到
organ→organize组织
(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，
-able (有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en (多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern (方向的)，-ese(某国人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less (表示否定)，-like (像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y (表示天气)等。例如：nature自然→natural自然的
reason道理→reasonable有道理的
America美国→American美国的
China中国→Chinese中国人的
gold金子→golden金的
east东→eastern东方的
child孩子→childish孩子气的
snow雪→snowy雪的
(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。例如：
angry生气的→angrily生气地
to到→towards朝……，向……
east东方→eastward向东
(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen (十几)，-ty (几十)，-th (构成序数词)。例如：six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六
four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十
3.合成法
4.截短法(缩略法)
截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。
1)截头
telephone→phone
aeroplane→plane
omnibus→bus
2)去尾
mathematics→maths
co-operate→co-op
examination→exam
kilogram→kilo
laboratory→lab
taxicab→taxi
3)截头去尾
influenza→flu
refrigerator→fridge
prescription→script
5.混合法(混成法)
混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。news broadcast→newscast新闻广播
television broadcast→telecast电视播送
smoke and fog→smog烟雾
helicopter airport→heliport直升飞机场
6.首尾字母缩略法
首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。
very important person→VIP (读字母音)要人；大人物
television→TV (读字母音)电视
Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福
三.巩固练习
1. That man was ________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.
A. care
B. careful
C. careless
D. carelessness
2. The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai.
A. die
B. dead
C. died
D. death
3. The child looked ________at his brother who was badly wounded.
A. sadly
B. sadness
C. sadly
D. sad
4. He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a ________.
A. chemistry
B. chemical
C. chemist
D. physician
5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off.
A. legging
B. legged
C. legs
D. leged
6. Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world.
A. lead
B. leader
C. leading
D. leadership
7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked________about at his classmates.
A. proud
B. proudly
C. pride
D. pridely
8.To everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well.
A. satisfied
B. satisfactory
C. satisfying
D. satisfaction
9.—What are you doing here?
—Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English.
—You can write________passage in English?
A. 600 words；a 600-words
B. 600-word；a 600-words
C. 600 words；a 600-word
D. 600 words；a 600-words
10. No one should enter the spot without the________of the police.
A. permit
B. permission
C. permitting
D. permittence
11. You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you.
A. headquarters
B. headline
C. headmaster
D. headache
12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it ________.
A. intend
B. intention
C. intentionally
D. intentional
13. The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile.
A. practice
B. practise
C. practical
D. practiced
14. The________ordered him to pay a $100 fine.
A. judger
B. judgment
C. judge
D. judgement
15. My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War?
A. lately
B. latest
C. later
D. latter
16. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________.
A. longer
B. length
C. long
D. longing
17.To my ________，I passed the exam easily.
A. joy
B. joyful
C. joyless
D. joyness
18. Canada is mainly an________country.
A. English-speaking
B. speak-English
C. spoken-English
D. English-spoken
19. How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is really a ________.
A. foolish；foolishly；fool
B. fool；foolish；fool
C. foolish；fool；fool
D. foolishly；foolish；fool
20. The necklace that she lost is very expensive. It’s of great ________.
A. valuable
B. value
C. valueless
D. unvaluable
21. There were________fish in the river in South America.
A. in danger
B. danger
C. dangerous
D. dangerless
22.The letter “b”in the word “doubt”is________.
A. sound
B. silent
C. silence
D. sounded
23. The child looked at me________.
A. stranger
B. strangely
C. strange
D. strangeless
24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their________bravely.
A. free
B. freely
C. freedom
D. frees
25. What you said sounded________ but in fact it was untrue.
A. reasonable
B. reasonful
C. reasonless
D. unreason
26. We have to learn ________technology from other countries.
A. advance
B. advancing
C. advantage
D. advanced
27. The children live in a village ________.They come here almost every day.
A. nearby
B. near
C. nearly
D. near by
28.Mr Black is an ________in the army，not an ________in the government. You can not easily find him in his________.
A. official；officer；office
B. officer；office；official
C. official；official；official
D. officer；official；office
29.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep ________.
A. health
B. healthy
C. healthily
D. healthier
30.________ speaking，I didn’t do it on purpose.
A. Honestly
B. Honest
C. Honesty
D. Dishonest
[参考答案]1-5 BDACB 6-10 CBDCB 11-15 ACDCB16-20 BAAAB 21-25 CBBCA 26-30 DADBA
六大英语构词法详解22539
英语构词通常包括六种方法：转化法、派生法、合成法、混合法、截短法和首尾字母结合法。 一、【派生法】 英语构词法中在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀，从而构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词的方法叫作派生法。 1.前缀 除少数英语前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；英语后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。 (1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如： agree同意→disagree不同意 fair公平的→unfair不公平的 possible可能的→impossible不可能的 understand理解→misunderstand误解 (2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对；抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再；又), sub- (下面的；次；小), tele- (强调距离)等。例如： co-worker 同事，帮手 enlarge 使变大 cooperate 合作 rewrite 重写
subway 地铁 2.后缀 给单词加后缀也是英语构词的一种重要方法。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。下面仅作简单介绍。 (1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人)，-ess (雌性)，-ian (精通……的人)，-ist (专业人员)，-ment (性质；状态)，-ness (性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。例如： differ不同于→difference区别 write写→writer作家 China中国→Chinese中国人 act表演→actress女演员 music音乐→musician音乐家 (2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后)，-fy (使……化)，-ize (使……成为)。例如： wide→widen加宽 beauty→beautify美化 pure→purify提纯 real→realize意识到 organ→organize组织 sharp→sharpen使变锋利 (3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，-able (有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en (多
英语构词法训练-2
构词法专项训练 1.I wrote him a letter to show my___(appreciate) of his thoughtfulness. 2.The first tomb was built at the___(begin) of the 15th century. 3.Painting is a ___(create) process. 4.For our homework tonight, we have to write a ___(describe) of the street where we live. 5.The ___ (discover) of gold on their land made the people rapidly rich. 6.I’d just like to ___ (emphasis) how important it is for people to learn foreign language. 7.My grandfather is as___(energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing at all. 8.The first lesson was very___(enjoy)---I like it a lot! 9.These discoveries proved the___(exist)of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and 200.000 years ago. 10.A smile is the universal___(face) expression---it is intended to put people at ease. 11.Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being___(fashion). 12.The committee is ______(discuss) the problem right now. 13.The accused man proved his___(innocent) of the crime. 14.The government’s new scheme is designed t o help the___(job). 15.The days start to_ _(long) in March. 16.___(Luck), Peter didn’t get the job. 17.The old man had no child so he suffered a lot from___(lonely). 18.Stop ___(mean) chatter, boys. You are wasting time. 19.How lucky he was! He won the lottery and now he is a ___(million). 20.They had the ___(fortune) to be hit by a violent storm. 21.He lives in a ___(mountain) district, where traffic is extremely inconvenient. 22.I am so full that I couldn’t ea t another ___(mouth). 23.We must pay special attention to the___(mystery) stranger. 24.Try to act___(nature), even if you are tense. 25.Public spending___(necessary) affects the economy. 26.After the race, I felt my heart beating___(violence). 27.The baby was sleeping___(peace). 28.He showed us ___(person) around the factory. 29.It gives me great___(pleasure) to welcome our speaker. 30.___(polite) costs nothing and gains everything. 31.The___(popular) of professional sports has been increasing steadily. 32.You’ll have a ___(profession) photographer with you to take photographs. 33.She has the right___(qualify) for the job. https://www.360docs.net/doc/0715556336.html,rge___(quantity) of fish have been caught. 35.We shouldn’t have___(race) discrimination. 36.The price of this dress is___(reason). I can’t afford it. 37.Easter is an important___(region) and social festival in Christian countries. 38.It goes without___(say) that the proposal will be accepted. 39.I left eleven years later, with my school leaving certificate, and a ___(scholar) to study at Oxford. 40.During___(science) experiments, she explains exactly what is happening and as a result my work is improving. 41.There is no___(similar) between Tom and me. 42.His bad behavior cost his mother many___(sleep) nights. 43.Anger left him___(speech).
(完整版)英语构词法详解及练习
高中英语构词法讲解与练习 一.类别 英语构词法主要有：合成法，转化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。 二.定义与精讲 1.转化法 英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。 1)动词转化为名词 ①很多动词可以转化为名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大的变化，如： Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。 ②有时意思有一定变化，如： He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。 ③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作，如： Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。 2)名词转化为动词 ①很多表示物件，如 Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗? ②身体部位，如：
Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。 ③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，如： She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。 ④某些抽象名词也可作动词。如： We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。 3)形容词转化为动词 有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如： We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。 4)副词转化为动词 有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如： Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。 5)形容词转化为名词 ①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词，如： You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服 ②某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数如下，如： The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 2.派生法
初中英语构词法汇总及练习6
1.that man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job. a.care b.careful c.careless d.carelessness 2.the soldier died for saving the child，so his________is heavier than mount tai. a.die b.dead c.died d.death 3.the child looked________at his brother who was badly wounded. a.sadly b.sadness c.sadly d.sad 4.he is an expert at chemistry.we all call him a________. a.chemistry b.chemical c.chemist d.physician 5.the three-________chair isn't suitable for a young child.he may fall off. a.legging b.legged c.legs d.leged 6.stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world.
a.lead b.leader c.leading d.leadership 7.when the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，jack looked________about at his classmates. a.proud b.proudly c.pride d.pridely 8.to everyone's________，the girl finished the job quite well. a.satisfied b.satisfactory c.satisfying d.satisfaction 9.-what are you doing here -oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about________in english. -you can write________passage in english a.600words；a600-words b.600-word；a600-words
英语构词法讲解及专项练习
构词法Word Formation 在英语中，词的构成方式主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。 一、合成Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。 方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。 ; (4)合成副词however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever (5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, 二、派生Derivation 前缀
注意：-ese, -ian, -ist 既可以构成名词，又可以构成形容词。
； 三、转化Conversion: 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。 1. 名词和动词之间的转化 telephone电话——打电话, mirror镜子——像镜子一样反映, drink喝——饮料, record录音——记录, name, date, hand, study, 2. 形容词转化为动词perfect完美的——使完善 3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front前面——前面的 4.形容词转化为名词chief 主要的——首领 语法填空之构词法专项练习 1. The soldier died for saving the child，so his________（die）is heavier than Mount Tai. 2. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________(long). 3. How________ (fool) he is! black people were against slavery and fought for their ________(free) bravely. 5. What you said sounded________(reason) but in fact it was untrue. thing you should do is to _____(large) your vocabulary. (honest)speaking，I didn’t do it on purpose. 8.Tianjin and Guangzhou were also found to be safe from_____ (legal) drugs. 9. As he tried to read a map, he drove off the road into a river ______ (luck) 10. Thunder and lightning happen ______________ (simultaneous).
高中构词法练习
构词法练习 Ⅰ.单项填空 1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job. A.care B.careful C.careless D.carelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. A.die B.dead C.died D.death 3.The child looked________at his brother who was badly wounded. A.sadly B.sadness C.sadly D.sad 4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a ________. A.chemistry B.chemical C.chemist D.physician 5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child.He m ay fall off. A.legging B.legged C.legs D.leged 6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world. A.lead B.leader C.leading D.leadership 7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked________about at his classmates. A.proud B.proudly C.pride D.pridely 8.To everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well. A.satisfied B.satisfactory C.satisfying D.satisfaction 9.—What are you doing here? —Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English. —You can write________passage in English? A.600 words；a 600-words B.600-word；a 600-words C.600 words；a 600-word D.600 words；a 600-words 10.No one should enter the spot without the________of the police. A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence 11.You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you. A.headquarters B.headline C.headmaster D.headache 12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it ________. A.intend B.intention C.intentionally D.intentional 13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile. A.practice B.practise C.practical D.practiced 14.The________ordered him to pay a $100 fine. A.judger B.judgment C.judge D.judgement 15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War? https://www.360docs.net/doc/0715556336.html,tely https://www.360docs.net/doc/0715556336.html,test https://www.360docs.net/doc/0715556336.html,ter https://www.360docs.net/doc/0715556336.html,tter 16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________. A.longer B.length C.long D.longing 17.To my ________，I passed the exam easily. A.joy B.joyful C.joyless D.joyness 18.Canada is mainly an________country. A.English-speaking B.speak-English C.spoken-English D.English-spoken 19.How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is really a ________.
高中英语构词法教案
高中英语构词法 1、合成法 将两个或两个以上的单词合成在一起而构成的新词，叫做合成词。 方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。（1）合成形容词 ①名词+现在分词例：English-speaking 讲英语的，south-facing 朝南的 ②名词+过去分词例：man-made 人造的，water-covered 被水覆盖的 ③名词+形容词例：snow-white 雪白的，day-long 整天的 ④形容词+名词+-ed 例：warm-hearted 热情的，kind-hearted 好心肠的 ⑤形容词/副词+现在分词例：good-looking 好看的 funny-looking 滑稽的 ⑥副词+过去分词例：well-known 出名的,deep-set(眼睛）深陷的 ⑦副词/形容词+名词例：right-hand 右手的，full-time 专职的 ⑧数词+名词例：100-meter 100米的，million-pound 百万英镑的 ⑨数词+名词+形容词例：180-foot-high 180英寸高的，10-year-old 10岁的 ⑩数词+名词+-ed 例：four-footed/legged 四脚的，one-eyed 独眼龙的 （2）合成名词 ①名词+名词例：weekend 周末，classroom 教室，bookshop 书店 ②形容词/介词+名词例：gentleman 绅士，loudspeaker 扬声器 ③动词+名词例：typewriter 打字机，cookbook 烹调书 ④名词+动词例：daybreak 破晓，toothpick 牙签 ⑤动词-ing形式+名词例：reading-room 阅览室，sleeping-car 卧车车厢 ⑥副词+动词例：outbreak 爆发，downpour 倾盆大雨 ⑦名词+动名词例：handwriting 笔迹，sun-bathing 日光浴 ⑧名词+in+名词例：mother-in-law 岳母，brother-in-law 姐夫 （3）合成动词 ①副词+动词例：overthrow 推翻，understand 理解 ②形容词+动词例：broadcast 广播，whitewash 粉刷 ③名词+动词例：typewrite 打字，sleepwalk 梦游 （4）合成副词 ①介词+名词例：underfoot 脚下，beforehand 事先
六大英语构词法详解
六大英语构词法详解 Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】
英语构词通常包括六种方法：转化法、派生法、合成法、混合法、截短法和首尾字母结合法。 一、【派生法】 英语构词法中在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀，从而构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词的方法叫作派生法。 1.前缀 除少数英语前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；英语后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。 (1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如： agree同意→disagree不同意 fair公平的→unfair不公平的 possible可能的→impossible不可能的 understand理解→misunderstand误解 (2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对；抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再；又), sub- (下面的；次；小), tele- (强调距离)等。例如： co-worker 同事，帮手 enlarge 使变大 cooperate 合作 rewrite 重写 subway 地铁
2.后缀 给单词加后缀也是英语构词的一种重要方法。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。下面仅作简单介绍。 (1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人)，-ess (雌性)，-ian (精通……的人)，-ist (专业人员)，-ment (性质；状态)，-ness (性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。例如： differ不同于→difference区别 write写→writer作家 China中国→Chinese中国人 act表演→actress女演员 music音乐→musician音乐家 (2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后)，-fy (使……化)，-ize (使……成为)。例如： wide→widen加宽 beauty→beautify美化 pure→purify提纯 real→realize意识到 organ→organize组织 sharp→sharpen使变锋利 (3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，-able (有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en (多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern (方向的)，-ese(某国人的)，-ful，-
初中英语构词法汇总及练习(20200522181719)
初中英语构词法汇总及练习 一。概念 英语的构词法主要有：转化法，合成法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。 二。相关知识点精讲 1.转化法 英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一 种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。 1)动词转化为名词 很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下②)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。例如： ①Let's go out for a walk. ______________________________ ②He is a man of strong build。______________________________ 2)名词转化为动词 很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表 示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。例如： ①Did you book a seat on the plane? _____________________________? ②Please hand me the book。____________________________________。 ③She nursed her husband back to health。______________________________。 ④We lunched together。__________________________________。 3)形容词转化为动词 有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如： We will try our best to better our life。___________________________________。 4)副词转化为动词 有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如： Murder will out。(谚语)恶事终必将败露。 5)形容词转化为名词 表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。例如：People should be dressed in black at the funeral。______________________________。 The old in our village are living a happy life。__________________________________。 2.派生法 在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词 叫作派生法。 1)前缀 除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引 起词义的变化。 (1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如： important重要的→___important appear出现→____appear消失 correct正确的→___correct不正确的lead带领→___lead领错 (2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词)，anti- (反对；抵抗)，auto- (自动)，co- (共同)，en- (使)，inter- (互相)，re- (再；又)，sub- (下面的；次；小)，tele- (强调距离)等。例如：
重要!必做!构词法练习
构词法练习（1）（易） 1.I wrote him a letter to show my ________( appreciate )of his thoughtfulness. 2.The first tomb was built at the _____(begin) of the 15th century. 3.Painting is a ______(create) process. 4.For our homework tonight, we have to write a _____( describe) of the street where we live. 5.The _____ (discover) of gold on their land made the people rapidly rich. 6.I’d just like to ____(emphasis) how important it is for people to learn foreign languages. 7.My grandfather is as __(energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing at all. 8.The first lesson was very _______(enjoy)----I liked it a lot! 9.These discoveries proved the ______(exist)of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and 200,000 years ago. 10. A smile is the universal ___________(face) expression---it is intended to put people at ease. 11. Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being ________________(fashion). 12. The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will _______(hope) have been solved by the end of next week. 13. The accused man proved his __________(innocent)of the crime. 14. The government’s new scheme is designed to help the _________(job). 15. The days start to __________(long) in March. 16. __________(Luck), Peter didn’t get the job. 17. The old man had no child so he suffered a lot from _________(lonely) 18. Stop your ______________(mean) chatter, boys. You are wasting time. 19. How lucky he was! He won the lottery(彩票) and now he is a __________(million). 20. They had the ___________(fortune) to be hit by a violent storm. 21. He lives in a __________ (mountain) district，where traffic is extremely inconvenient. 22. I am so full that I couldn’t eat another ____________(mouth). 23. We must pay special attention to the ___________(mystery) stranger. 24. Try to act ____________(nature) , even if you are tense. 25. Public spending ___________(necessary) affects the economy. 26. After the race, I felt my heart beating ___________(violence). 27. The baby was sleeping __________(peace). 28. He showed us ___________(person) around the factory. 29. It gives me great _________(please) to welcome our speaker. 30. _________(Polite) costs nothing and gains everything. 31. The ____________(popular) of professional sports has been increasing steadily. 32. You’ll have a ____________(profession) photographer with you to take photographs. 33. She has the right ____________(qualify) for the job. 34. Large ___________(quantity) of fish have been caught. 35. We shouldn’t have __________(race) discrimination. 36. The price of this dress is ____________(reason). I can’t afford it. 37. Easter is an important __________(region) and social festival in Christian countries. 38. It goes without ________(say) that the proposal will be accepted. 39. I left eleven years later, with my school leaving certificate, and a _(scholar) to study at Oxford. 40. During _________(science) experiments, she explains exactly what is happening and as a result my work is improving. 41. There is no __________(similar) between Tom and me. 42. His bad behavior cost his mother many __________(sleep) nights. 43. Anger left him __________(speech). 44. It was a race against time to stop people dying from ___________ (starve). 45. Difficulties __________(strong) the mind, as labor does the body.
高中英语构词法
一、常见前缀 1. 前缀anti- “反，抗，阻，排斥” anti-bacterial 抗菌的 anti-body 抗体 anti-fascist 反法西斯主义者 anti-gas 防毒气的 anti-imperialist 反帝的 anti-Japanese War 抗日战争 anti-popular 反人民的 anti-virus 抗病毒 2. 前缀auto- “自动的”、“自己的”autoalarm 自动报警器autobiographer 自传 autocoder 自动编码器autography 亲笔签名automatically 自动地 automobile 汽车、机动车 3. 前缀bi- “二” bicentury 两百年的 bicycle 自行车 bilingual 双语的 bi-monthly 双月的 binocular 双目的、双筒的bioxide 二氧化物 4. 前缀co- “共同”、“一起”、coauthor 合著者之一 coheir 共同继承人 co-operation 合作 5.前缀counter- “反”、“逆”counteragent 反作用剂 counter-attack 反击countercharge 反诉、反告countercurrent 逆向电流 counter-revoluntionist 反革命分子countermarch 反向行进countermine 反水雷的水雷counterproposal 反提案 counterspy 反间谍 6.前缀de- (反动作) “离开、否定、减少”decentralize 分散 decentre 使离开中心decompose 分解 decontrol 解除对...的管制decrease 减少 deform 使变形7. 前缀dis- “否定或相反” disable 使无能 disability 无能disadvantage 缺点、弱势disagree 不同意disappear 消失disapprove 不赞同disarrange 使混乱discharge 卸 disclose 揭开 discolour 使褪色disconnect 分离discontinuous 不连续的discontinue 中止 discount 折扣discourage 使泄气 discover 发现diseconomy 不景气disemployed 失业的disengage 解除 disfavour 不喜欢、不赞成disillusion 使幻灭、醒悟disloyal 不忠诚的disobedient 不服从的disorder 混乱disorganize 瓦解 8.前缀en- em- “使…，加强”embitter 使痛苦 enable 使能够 encase 把…装箱enclose 包围 enchain 使…链接encourage 使…有勇气endanger 使…危险enlarge 使…扩大 enrich 使富裕 enrobe 用…包住enslave 使…成为奴隶enthrone 加冕 entrain 登上火车 9. 前缀ex- “前” exceed (免除、离开)超出exception (完全)除外expense 支出 expose (向外;超过) 揭露ex-soldier 退伍军人 10. 前缀for- ，fore- “先，前，预”forehead 前额
一轮复习高中英语基本构词法及练习题
英语构词法中的派生法 派生法：在词根加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。 一、前缀前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性（除少数前缀外）； 后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。 (1) 表示否定意义的前缀常用的有： dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un- 。 disable disadvantage disagree disappear disapprove disclose discolour disconnect discontinuous discontinue discount discourage disorder illegal impossible inaccurate inactive inadaptable inapplicable inconstant inconvenient incredible incurable independent ineffective informal invisible irregular irremovable irrespective irresponsible misfortune misguide midinterpret mislead misread mistrust misunderstand misuse nonmetal noncooperation noninvolvement unable unacceptable unaware unbalance unbreakable uncertain unchangeable uncomfortable undecided unemployed undetermined undeveloped unearth uneconomical unfold unpack untie (2) 表示其他意义的前缀常用的有： a.前缀anti anti-fascist anti-gas anti-imperialist anti-Japanese War b.前缀auto autobiography autography c.前缀bi- bicentury bilingual