第六节 名词从句

第六节名词从句

https://www.360docs.net/doc/0c16202606.html, 2004年10月21日 17:52 来源：腾讯教育

一、简介：

名词从句是指在完整的句子中以名词性质出现的从句成分，主要包括主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句。考生要明确下列四个概念：

1 名词从句通常由连接代词（who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, w h atever）、连接副词（when, where, how, why）和连接词（that,

if, whether）引出。

2 连接代词和连接副词不仅引出一个从句，而且还在从句中担任某个语法成分。

3 用连接代词和连接副词引出的名词从句前面不要再加that。

4 名词从句的语序一律用陈述句语序，不能用疑问句语序。

二、考点精要总结：

1敝饔锎泳

［考点1］含主语从句的复合句，其主句的谓语应是第三人称单数。

例：Who will come to the meeting remains unkn own

［考点2］ that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that 绝不能省略。也可以用it 作为形式主语放在句首，使用“It is + 形容词 / 名词 + that从句”结构，

这时that 可以省略。

例1：That technological progress helps to relieve scarcitie s is a fact

accepted by economists

例2：It is said (that) the math teacher seems partial towar ds bright

students

［考点3］由wh泊室导的主语从句也可以用it作为形式主语，而将主语从句

放到句子的后面。

例： It?ss still a question when we?sll have our spor ts meet

［考点4］在主语从句中，用whether引出从句，而不用 if。

例： Whether he?sll come or not is not known

［考点5］全句如果是被动结构或一般疑问句，常用形式主语it引出。

例1： It is said that he?ss got married

例2： Is it probable that it will rain today?

［考点6］全句如果是感叹句，则必须用形式主语it引出。

例： How strange it is that the children are so quiet!

2北碛锎泳

［考点1］ that引出的表语从句里，that可以省略。

例：My idea is (that) we need more hands

［考点2］ Whether有时也可用来引出表语从句，而一般不用i f，但as if却

可以。

例1：The question is whether they will be able to help us

例2：All this was over twenty years ago, but it?ss as if it was only

yesterday

3蓖位语从句

同位语从句一般做主语或宾语的同位语，句子的主干已经完整，同位语作为一个插入成分作补充说明之用。一般同位语成分可分为前位同位语和后位同位语，

即同位语分别在主词的前面和后面。

［考点1］同位语从句仅仅出现在belief, conclusion, doub t, fact, hope, idea, knowled ge, law, message, news, notion, order, proof, rumor, sign, suggestion, theory, t hought等抽象名词的后面，用于进一步说明或解释该名词的内容。同位语从句通常只能由th at引导，一般不能省略。

例1：There are signs that restaurants are becoming more pop ular wit h

families

例2：Have you heard the news that he will be promoted?

［考点2］同位语从句有时可用whether或其他连接词来引出，但不能用if。

例：The question whether we ought to call in a specialist was answered

by the family doctor

［考点3］同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句中的th at只起连接作用，不充当语法成分；而定语从句中的that为关系代词，在句中充当一定的成分，其人称和数须与其先行词保持一致。

例1：The fact that we have inflation makes it hard fo r us to buy the

food we need保ㄍ位语从句）

例2：A high crime rate exists in cities that have a large p ercentage

of unemployment保ǘㄓ锎泳洌

［考点4］同位语从句与其先行词之间有时用逗号与其他成分分开，这种情况被称为非限制性同位语从句，用that引导。绝不能认为是非限制性定语从句而

用which引导。

例：A label must not be misleading And it is the law, too, that manufactures must list their names and places of business on their labels保╰hat

引导的是非限制性同位语从句）

4北鲇锎泳

［考点1］ that引导的宾语从句只能放在介词in, but, besid es, beyond, except, save后面，不能作其他介词的宾语。

例1：All was in readiness and we would have left immediately but that (except that) the cat escaped from her travel basket

例2：Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe in that it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced

［考点2］连词that在believe, think, suppose, presume等动词后引出宾语从句时常可省略；但如果and 后的that宾语从句和前面谓语动词后的that 宾语从句是并列关系，则一般不能省略that。

例1：I don?st believe (that) they?sve finished their wo rk yet

例2：If interest rates are high, this means that you will h ave to pay more to borrow money and consequently, that you will be more reluctant to undertake any vast expansion sc hemes

［考点3］ whether和if引出宾语从句时可以互换，都可以和o r连用，但whether后面可紧跟or not，而if后面不能紧跟，需后移。

例1：I don?st know t whether or not here?ss enough room for her

例2：I don?st know if there?ss enough room for her or not

［考点4］主句中有doubt/doubtful时，如为肯定句，用whet her或if；如

为否定句或疑问句，则用that。

例1：I doubt whether/if the Browns will come to the party

例2：I do not doubt that Jane is honest