10年完形真题逐句解析版[考研英语真题2008-1999]

10年完形真题逐句解析版[考研英语真题2008-1999]
10年完形真题逐句解析版[考研英语真题2008-1999]

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十年考研英语完形真题

逐句解析

(2008——1999)

2008 (翻译见P174)

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】hypothesis n.(名词)【复数】hy.poth.e.ses 缩写hyp.,hypoth.【考研真相】

【云注】本句主干:The idea is one of those hypotheses. 主语、表语后面都有定语从句。

But Gregory Cochran is prepared to say it anyway.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】be prepared to do sth 打算、准备,愿意做某事。

【考研真相】

He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】rare bird n. 稀有的人或物,珍品。

independently of 独立于...之外。——《朗道》

【考研真相】

He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】bacterium n. 细菌(复数为bacteria)。

【考研真相】

Even he, however, might tremble at the thought of what he is about to do.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】tremble at 被…吓得发抖。at the thought of 一想到…(就)。【考研真相】

Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only suggests that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】together with 和…一同, 连同…。bring about 造成, 引起〔导致〕(某事)。

【考研真相】

The group in question are a particular people originated from central Europe.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】originate from 来自…; 源于…。

【考研真相】

The process is natural selection.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】natural selection n. 自然选择,物竞天择说。

【考研真相】

This group generally do well in IQ test, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, affirm.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】do well in 成绩好,…做得好。mean value n. 平均数[值]。mean n.平均数,平均值。

【考研真相】

【云注】此处scoring…虽为分词短语作状语,但score疑为不及物动词。above the mean value of 100作状语,前面的12-15 points反而是作它的定语。

They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】genetic diseases 遗传疾病。breast cancer n. 乳癌。

suffer from 患(某种病); 受(某种病痛)折磨。You must have suffered from a cold.你一定是感冒了。

【考研真相】

【云注】本句语序有所变化。原顺序是:They also suffer from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer more often than most people.

These facts, however, have previously been thought unrelated.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

The former has been put down to social effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing education.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】the former 前者。put down to v. 归因于。

【考研真相】

The latter was seen as a (an) consequence of genetic isolation.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】genetic isolation 遗传隔离。

【考研真相】

Dr.Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately linked.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

His argument is that the unusual history of these people has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical state of affairs.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】subject to v. 使服从,使遭受。subject vt. 使服从, 征服, 制伏。paradoxical adj. 自相矛盾的。state of affairs n. 事态,情势。

【考研真相】

2007 (翻译见P120)

全文:

By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million inhabitants of these nations looked hopefully to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence shared the ideals of representative government, careers open to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the right to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws.

On the issue of freedom of religion and the position of the church, however, there was less agreement among the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one allowed by the Spanish crown. While most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism as the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the exclusion of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying cry for the conservative forces.

The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had promised in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s remaining colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much slower because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies produced. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was unprepared for self-rule and democracy.

逐句解析:

By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

The roughly 20 million inhabitants of these nations looked hopefully to the future.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】look to the future 考虑未来。

【考研真相】

Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence shared the ideals of representative government, careers open to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the right to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】representative adj.由选出之代表组成的; 代议制的: representative elections, governments, institutions 代议制的选举﹑政府﹑机构。——《牛津高级》

freedom of commerce 通商自由。private property 私有财产,私有制。【考研真相】

Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】state n. 国家。

【考研真相】sovereign and independent states…是三个并列的表语。

On the issue of freedom of religion and the position of the church, however, there was less agreement among the leadership.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one allowed by the Spanish crown.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

While most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism as the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the exclusion of other faiths.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】faith n. 宗教信仰。to the exclusion of adv. 排斥着。

【考研真相】

The defense of the Church became a rallying cry for the conservative forces.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】rallying cry n. 战斗口号。

【考研真相】

The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had promised in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】in return adv. 作为报答。

【考研真相】

By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s remaining colonies.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much slower because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies produced.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】tribute and taxes 贡税。

【考研真相】

【云注】such policies produced实际为前面省略that的定语从句。Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was unprepared for self-rule and democracy.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】mass n. 大量, 大批; 众多I have masses of work to do. 我有大量工作要做。

【考研真相】

2006 (翻译见P70)

全文:

The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. Indeed homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly cope. To help homeless people toward independence, the federal government must support job training programs, raise the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. not everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates range anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is increasing. One of the federal government’s studies predicts that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.

Finding ways to assist this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. Even when homeless individuals manage to find a shelter that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day wandering the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, while not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday survival skills needed to turn their lives around. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless. As Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, puts it, “There has to be coordination of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”

逐句解析:

The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】make up 组成, 构成。

【考研真相】

Indeed homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly cope.

【整句翻译】

【考研真相】

To help homeless people toward independence, the federal government must support job training programs, raise the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】job training 职业培训。training program 训练方案。minimum wage 最低工资。fund vt. 为…提供资金, 给…拨款。housing n. 1 住房2 房屋。

【考研真相】

Not everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

Estimates range anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】estimate n. 1 估计, 估价 2 报价3 判断。

range vi. 变化。Prices range from £6 to £10.价钱从六英镑到十英镑不等。

【考研真相】

【云注】estimate在此处为名词,不可能是动词。因为如果是祈使句,estimate 应使用原形。

Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is increasing.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

One of the federal government’s studies predicts that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】by the end of 到…为止。

【考研真相】

Finding ways to assist this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.

【整句翻译】

【考研真相】

Even when homeless individuals manage to find a shelter that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day wandering the street.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】manage to 达成,设法。 the bulk of 大部分, 主要部分。bulk n. 主体, 绝大部分。

【考研真相】

Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】be addicted to 沉迷于。alcohol n. 酒; 酒精; 含酒精的饮料。drug n. 麻醉药; 毒品。

【考研真相】

And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】significant adj.相当数量的:数目或数量上非常大的:significant casualties; no significant opposition.相当大的伤亡;没多少反对意见。mental disorder 精神障碍。

【考研真相】

Many others, while not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday survival skills needed to turn their lives around.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】turn around (使)好转。They turned the situation around for the better. 他们扭转了局面。

【考研真相】

Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】note v. 说起…;谈到:noted the lateness of their arrival.谈到他们的迟到的事。

program n. 计划。

address v.投入,忙于,专注于:集中(某人的)精力或注意力:address oneself to a task.投入一项工作。

【考研真相】

As Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, puts it, “There has to be coordination of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”

【整句翻译】

【讲词】community service n. 感化,感化工作。put vt. 表达, 叙述, 说明。package deal n. 一揽子交易,一揽子交易中的条款。package n. 包, 包裹, 包在一起的东西。

【考研真相】

2005 (翻译见P21)

全文:

The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, but this is largely because, unlike animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are limited to perceiving those smells which float through the air, missing the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, though, we are extremely sensitive to smells, even if we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of detecting human smells even when these are diluted to far below one part in one million.

Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, whereas others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate particular smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send messages to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough.

The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it inefficient to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary. This may also explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not aware of the usual smell of our own house, but we notice new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and emergency signals such as the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of

fire.

逐句解析:

The human nose is an underrated tool.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, but this is largely because, unlike animals, we stand upright. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

This means that our noses are limited to perceiving those smells which float through the air, missing the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】limit to (把…)限制在…, 局限于…(to后接名词或动名词形式)。You ought to limit your activities to recording the facts.你的活动范围应该只限于记录事实。

miss vt. 未觉察, 遗漏。

【考研真相】

In fact, though, we are extremely sensitive to smells, even if we do not generally realize it.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

Our noses are capable of detecting human smells even when these are diluted to far below one part in one million.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】be capable of v. 能够。part n.部分:一份、一组、一片或整体的一部分。one part in one million 一百万分之一。

【考研真相】

Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, whereas others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】be sensitive to v. 过敏,灵敏。

【考研真相】

This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate particular smell receptors in the nose.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send messages to the brain.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it inefficient to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】all the time (在该段时间内)一直。if necessary 如必要的话。【考研真相】

This may also explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

We are not aware of the usual smell of our own house, but we notice new smells when we visit someone else’s.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】of one's own 自己的。someone else n. 其他人。

【考研真相】

The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar

and emergency signals such as the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】emergency signal 事故信号。

【考研真相】

2004 (翻译见P209)

全文:

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, or as a rejection of middle-class values.

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are subject to criticism.

Changes in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in turn lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also experienced changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family structure. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other identifiable causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased availability of drugs and alcohol, and the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a

criminal act, although a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

逐句解析:

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】concerning prep. (表示论及)关于, 有关, 就…而论。juvenile delinquency n. 少年犯罪。juvenile adj. 少年的。delinquency n. 不法行为;少年罪犯。

【考研真相】

Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】center on 1 以…为中心 2 重点在于…; 主要与…有关。engage in 参加; 从事; 忙于。criminal behavior 犯罪行为。

【考研真相】

Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, or as a rejection of middle-class values.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】in response to 对…做出反应。rise above 1 升到…之上; 超越… 2 克服。

【考研真相】

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】disadvantaged adj. 贫穷的,处于不利地位的。

【考研真相】

The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】for lack of 因…而没有。

【考研真相】

All theories, however, are tentative and are subject to criticism.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】be subject to v. 常遭受…,受支配,从属于,可以…的。

【考研真相】

Changes in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】fewer job opportunities与rising unemployment并列,作lead to的宾语。

【云注】本句主干:Changes make gainful employment difficult.

The resulting discontent may in turn lead more youths into criminal behavior.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】区分content、contend。lead into 1 把…带入2 导致 3 (道路等)通向。

【考研真相】

Families have also experienced changes these years.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family structure.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】可以视作在was之前省略了what。

【黄宝书注】less只能和than搭配构成比较级。than在带有比较级的句子中可以做关系代词,兼有连词和代词的性质,相当于than what。例:The boy has

eaten more food than (what) is good for his health.

【云注】此处的than was…中的than为准关系代词,相当于than+前面的名词+关系代词(who,whom,whic)。具体见《赖世雄语法》上册P165。

This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】think v. 认为。influence on 对…有影响。

【考研真相】

Other identifiable causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased availability of drugs and alcohol, and the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】child abuse n. 摧残儿童,虐待儿童。abuse n. 虐待。

【考研真相】

All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, although a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】causal relationship 因果关系。

【考研真相】

2003 (翻译见P70)

全文:

Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious thought to how they can best accommodate such changes. Growing bodies need movement and exercise, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it

would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide multiple opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful groups dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the security of some kind of organization with a supportive adult barely visible in the background.

In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have short attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. On the contrary, they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by planning for roles that are within their capability and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules. 逐句解析:

Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

And they also need to give serious thought to how they can best accommodate such changes.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

【云注】前后两个they指代的有所不同。后一个指adults。

Growing bodies need movement and exercise, but not just in ways that emphasize competition.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by

others.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】adjust to 调整, 调节。

【考研真相】

【云注】the confidence与knowing并列,作need的宾语。

However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】book review n. 书评。book club n. 〈美〉读书俱乐部(一种以优待价格向其成员出售书籍的组织)。

【考研真相】

A variety of small clubs can provide multiple opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful groups dynamics. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】group dynamics 团体动态学;分组动态特性;集体动力学;集团动态。dynamics n.(与复数动词连用)社会力量。

【考研真相】

Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the security of some kind of organization with a supportive adult barely visible in the background.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】make friends 交朋友。make friends with v.与…交友;与…交朋友,和睦。some 某个。kind 类。

【考研真相】

In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have short attention spans.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】attention span 注意广度。

【考研真相】

A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】a variety of adj. 多种的。let down 使失望, 失信。

【考研真相】

This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】irresponsible adj. 不负责任的n.不负责任adv. 不负责任地。【考研真相】

【云注】irresponsible应为adv.。

On the contrary, they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by planning for roles that are within their capability and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】acquire vt. 养成,获得, 得到。

【考研真相】

2002 (翻译见P122)

全文:

Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened between. As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution speeded up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading on through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures into the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so.

It is generally recognized, however, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact on the media was not immediately apparent. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage capacity increasing. They were thought of, like people, in terms of generations, with the distance

between generations much smaller.

It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the context within which we now live. The communications revolution has influenced both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been controversial views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed against “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.

逐句解析:

Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】draw a comparison between 把…加以比较。

【考研真相】

Yet much had happened between.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】

【考研真相】

As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】in the wake of adv.尾随,紧跟,仿效。in the company of 和…在一起。

【考研真相】

【云注】follow的逻辑主语是newspaper。此处翻译宜参考黄宝书的,即newspaper、periodical是同一阶段的,the pamphlet and the book在它们两者之前。但我不认为newspaper与periodical“一起成为电子时代到来前主要的传播手段”,而应翻译为“报纸成为电子时代到来前主要的传播手段,与它一起的还有期刊。”

It was during the same time that the communications revolution speeded up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading on through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures into

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