2015-2016学年第一学期期中考试试卷(含答案)

2015-2016学年第一学期期中考试试卷(含答案)
2015-2016学年第一学期期中考试试卷(含答案)

2015-2016学年第一学期期中考试试卷

八年级历史

一、选择题

1、史学家陈旭麓认为鸦片战争是国历史的一块界碑。这是因为,鸦片战争

A 、揭开了中国近代史的序幕

B 、激化了国内社会的矛盾

C 、使国完沦为半殖民地半封建社会

D 、标志着新民主主义革命的开端

2、了解历史事件,常常需要知道事件的各个因素。综合图中的要素,这页笔记记录的事件是

A.虎门销烟

B.鸦片战争

C.第二次鸦片战争

D.八国联军侵华

3、北京师范大学历史学院龚书铎教授是研究中国近代史的专家,在谈到道光皇帝(1821~1850年在位)为什么把他的墓修筑得比其他帝王墓都要矮小时,说:是因为“在他手上打了败仗丢了土地,没有面目见先帝”。这里所说的“土地”是指 A .广州 B .香港岛

C .台湾

D .辽东半岛

4、.李大钊在《圆明园故址》中写道:“圆明两度昆明劫,鹤化千年未忍归。一曲悲笳吹不尽,残灰犹共晚烟飞。”诗中所说的“两劫”中的“一劫”发生在八国联军侵华战争期间,另“一劫”发生在哪一次战争期间? A .鸦片战争 B .第二次鸦片战争

C .甲午中日战争

D .中法战争

5、19世纪六七十年代,中国边疆地区出现严重危机。西北形势严峻,东南警报频传。清政府内部两

派发生激烈争论:一派主张放弃西北保东南,另一派主张(如右图)。提出右图主张的是

A .左宗棠

B .李鸿章

C .曾国藩

D .张之洞 6、1895年,有人写了一副对联:“台湾今已归日本,颐和园又搭天棚。”这副对联从一个侧面揭示了甲午中日战争中国失败的主要原因是

A .清政府成为东洋朝廷

B .封建制度腐朽落后

C .日本政治制度先进

D .日本侵华准备充分 7、1893年,中国消费品原料进口占进口总额的13%,到1903年,这一比例上升到22.3%,导致中国近代消费品原料进口额增长的主要原因是

A.中英《南京条约》的影响

B. 中俄《瑷珲条约》 的影响

C.中日《马关条约》的影响

D.《辛丑条约》的影响

8、《马关条约》大大加深了中国半殖民地化程度。该条约中有利于外国人直接利用中国廉价劳动力和原料,剥削中国人民的条款是

A.割辽东半岛、台湾、澎湖列岛给日本

B.赔偿日本军费白银二亿两

C.增开通商口岸

D.允许日本在中国通商口岸开设工厂

9、张大爷一家和邻居被迫举家迁出北京东交民巷,这种情景应该出现在什么条约签订后

A.《南京条约》

B.《辛丑条约》

C.《北京条约》

D.《马关条约》

10、对下面年代尺中提供的时间,解读最准确的是

A .中国一步步沦为半殖民地半封建社会的历程

C .中国近代遭受外来侵略的全过程

B .中国半殖民地半封建社会逐渐形成和瓦解的历史

D .中国近代化的进程

11、同治十二年,李鸿章奏:“轮船电报之速,瞬息千里;军器机事之精,功力百倍,炮弹所到,无坚不摧,水陆关隘,不足限制,又为数千年来未有之强敌。”为应对“强敌”,他主要的策略是 A .固守传统之道,以静制动

B .学习西方技术,以图自强

C.改革政治体制,确立民权D.运筹外交谋略,以夷制夷

12、.陈旭麓先生提出,洋务运动“迈出了中国近代化的第一步”。这主要是指洋务运动

A.创办新式学堂B.兴办近代企业

c.建立现代海军D.传播西方思想[中&%国

13、作为晚清“四大名臣”之一,他创办了汉阳铁厂,使“汉阳造”闻名天下,堪称中国重工业的奠基人。这是的“他”是指

A.曾国藩

B.李鸿章

C.张之洞

D.左宗棠

14、徐中约在《中国近代史:中国的奋斗》一书中写道:“如果说国藩开辟了西化之路的话,左宗棠和李鸿章则是斗志昂扬地紧握了西化的火把。”文中“西化”指的是()

A.洋务运动B.戊戌变法

C.辛亥革命D.新文化运动

15、有学者认为,甲午战争后,中国开始由“政策创新”转向于“制度创新”。这里的“制度创新”开始于

A.戊戌变法B.辛亥革命

C.五四运动D.国民革命

16、下列有关戊戌变法的表述,正确的是

A.《辛丑条约》的签订是起因

B.康有为是变法的主要筹划者

C.得到了慈禧太后的大力支持

D.彻底改变了中国的政治制度

17、孙中山将同盟会纲领阐述为“民族、民权、民生”的三民主义。以下最能体现“民生主义”的一项是()

A、驱除鞑虏

B、恢复中华

C、创立民国

D、平均地权

18、辛亥革命后,译著《平民政治》立即更名为《共和政治》;《国粹学报》改名为《共和杂志》后畅销不衰。这反映了当时

A.书籍报刊出现更名热潮 B.民主共和观念深入人心

C.宣传共和报刊大量创办 D.封建主义退出历史舞台

19、有人认为,从洋务运动到戊戌变法是中国近代化探索中的“量变”,而辛亥革命则是一次“巨变”。“巨变”是指辛亥革命

A.完成了反帝反封建的革命任务

B.促进了中国资本主义的发展

C.推翻了帝国主义在中国的统治

D.结束了两千多年的封建帝制

20、1916年,酷爱文学、思想进步的李昭想在下图杂志上发表文章。你若是当时杂志的编

辑,会建议他选择下列哪一方面的内容?

A.坚守儒家,批判激进

B.倡导立宪,学习西方

C.提倡民主,宣传科学

D.立足国情,反对西化

21、下列历史人物中,热情歌颂了十月革命,把马克思主义传入中国的是

A B C D.

22、“女学生已经开始觉悟,抵制学校开设的‘列女传’(修身课)。在操场的树荫下,在宿舍里,她们常常聚在一起,争的面红耳赤,后来由争论变成抗婚、逃婚,以实际行动反抗旧礼教,争取婚姻自由。”这则材料反映的是()

A.维新启蒙思想开始传播

B.民主共和思想融深入人心

C.近代学校开设修身课程

D.民主科学思想冲击封建礼教

23、一首纪念某重大历史事件的诗歌写道:“神舟昏暗虎狼凶,捍卫国家意志雄。学子斗争惊列寇,豪杰攻打震华庭。反封反帝风云涌,休课休劳波浪凶。_________值赞颂,优良传统要扬承。”下列选项适合填在空格处的是A.五四精神B.长征精神

C.国共合作D.抗美援朝

24、2014年5月4日,习近平总书记来到北京大学与学生共度五四青年节。下列关于五四运动的叙述不正确

...的是

A.提出“外争国权,内惩国贼”口号

B.运动重心由上海转移到北京

C.斗争主力逐渐由学生转向工人

D.是中国新民主主义革命的开端

25、观察题11图,从图中的信息可以归纳得出

北京高师被捕学生回校曹汝霖等免职令拒签和约的报道

A.巴黎和会外交失败引发五四运动

B.青年学生是五四运动的主力

C.五四运动中心由北京转移到上海

D.五四运动取得了初步胜利

二、材料分析题

26、阅读下列材料:(14分)

材料一:鸦片烟,真狡狯……这是西洋要将中国害。女子变妖怪,男子变痴呆。未老身先死,已死身不埋。

材料二: 1840年爆发的第一次鸦片战争,当时中国投入陆军兵力约10万人,水师约1万人,船只多系木质铁皮,铁炮质差,杀伤力小;英军约2万人,直接参战的陆海军约0.6~0.7万人,出动战舰20艘,“船坚炮利”,其结果以中国惨败和英国胜利而结束

根据材料问答下列问题:

(1)英国向中国走私鸦片是什么时候?英国为什么向中国走私鸦片?(4分)

(2)材料一反映的问题是什么?为了解决难题,清政府有何举动?(4分)

(3)请你用一句话概括

..材料二中国在鸦片战争中惨败的原因是什么?这是中国失败的根本原因吗?为什么?(4分)(4)你对鸦片战争反思是什么?(2分)

27、中国近代史既是一部屈辱史,又是一部探索史、抗争史。近代以来,有志的中国人不断寻求救国之路,进行着民主革命的伟大实践。阅读下列材料,回答问题。(15分)

材料一:.1840年至1901年短短几十年间,中国屡遭西方欺凌,被迫签订了一系列丧权辱国的不平等条约,清政府逐步沦为帝国主义统治中国的工具。[来%源:^~中*&教网]

材料二:中国的近代化运动,走过了自强、变法、革命的历程……中国走向近代化的历史路程清晰在目,但留下的脚步并非一条直线。从器物层面到制度层面,再到观念层面,国人每向前迈进一步都异常艰难,但却是一个不断提高的过程。

材料三:张海鹏教授的《近代中国历史进程概说》中说:“近代中国社会的发展轨迹像个元宝形,开始是下降,降到谷底,然后上升,升出一片光明。”

(1) 1891年至1901年十年间,列强对中国发动了哪几次大规模的侵华战争?(4分)

(2)材料二中“自强”“变法”“革命”所对应的历史事件是什么?(6分)

(3)材料三中所说近代中国社会的发展“降到谷底,然后上升,升出一片光明”,由“谷底”到“上升”的转折点是中国共产党的成立。请回答中国共产党成立于何时?中国共产党成立的历史意义?(4分)

28. 阅读下列材料(10分)

材料一:至恭亲王奕忻等请购买外洋船炮,则为今日救时第一要务……不过一二年,火轮船必为中外官民通行之物,可以剿发捻,可以勤远略。

──曾国藩《复陈购买洋船炮折》

材料二:……堪得滦州所属距开平西南十八里之唐山,山难旧煤穴甚多……从此中国兵船轮船及机器制造各局用煤,不致远购于外洋,一旦有时,庶不为敌人所把持,亦可免利源之外泄。富强之甚,此为嚆矢(开端)。

──李鸿章《直境开办矿务折》

材料三:上海轮船招商局创立后三年内,外轮损失了1300万两(白银),湖北官办织布局开办后,江南海关每年进口洋布减少了十五万匹。

──《中国近代史》中华书局1983

(1)从材料一看,洋务运动的目的是什么?(2分)

(2)从材料一二看,洋务派从事哪些主要活动? 各举一例说明。(4分)

(3)材料二中奏准开办什么洋务企业?怎样看待洋务派的“求富”之路?(2分)

(4)从材料三看,洋务运动有什么作用?(2分)

29、材料一:5月3日,中国外交失败的消息在报上发表,全国群情激昂,人们的悲愤再也不能抑止下去……有一个北大学生,当场咬破中指,撕破衣襟,血书“还我青岛”四个大字……。

5月4日下午一时,北京大学、高等师范(北京师大的前身)、工业专门学校、农业专门学校、朝阳大学、汇文大学等十四个学校的学生三千多人纷纷来到了天安门广场,发表宣言,揭露帝国主义的强盗行为,举行示威游行。……

材料二:https://www.360docs.net/doc/0e17497093.html,消息(新闻联播)

青春作伴,激情飞扬,今天是五四青年节,青年们放歌四海,奉献爱心,播洒希望,用青春的活力,蓬勃的朝气来纪念五四运动……周年

材料三:CCTV。COM消息(焦点访谈)

五四青年节来临之际,又有15名优秀青年获得了中国青年五四奖章。他们中有志愿到西部支教的志愿者;有勇于开拓创新的青年科技工作者;有锐意进取的青年企业家。

阅读材料后回答问题:

(1)今年是五四运动多少周年纪念?材料一中提到的中国外交的失败是怎么回事?由此引发的五四运动又是一场什么样的运动?(5分)

(2)材料二中提到的15名优秀青年获得了中国青年五四奖章。不同的经历,不同的岗位,却在同唱一首青春之歌.这就是五四运动给我们留下的一笔最宝贵的精神财富,那就是五四精神,请你说出一直被中国青年传承和发展的五四精神是什么?(4分)

(3)勇于承担历史责任,是五四以来中国青年运动的光荣传统。作为新时代的青年,如何肩负起历史赋予我们的责任。请把你的想法说出来。(2分)

八年级历史答案

一、选择题

AABBA BCDBA BBCAA BDBDC DDABD

二、非选择题

26、(1)19世纪上半期。清朝的闭关政策和中国自给自足的经济形态,顽强抵制了英国工业产品的倾销;而鸦片走私却可以牟取暴利,于是英国商人便向中国大量走私鸦片。

(2)鸦片输入危害巨大。派林则徐到广东查禁鸦片,并在虎门销烟。

(3)中国武器落后,英国“船坚炮利”。不是。因为鸦片战争中国惨败的根本原因是清政府政治腐败、综合国力落后(或以清政府为代表的腐朽没落的封建主义不能对抗新兴的先进的资本主义)

(4)从鸦片战争入手谈思考,且能够联系实际,观点正确,言之成理即可。如联系中西巨大差距、先进与落后、工业文明与农业文明等。

27(15)(1) 甲午中日战争(2分);八国联军侵华战争(2分)

(2)“自强”指:洋务运动(2分)

“变法”指:戊戌变法(维新变法或百日维新)(2分)

“革命”指:辛亥革命(2分)

(3)时间:1921年(1921年7月或1921年7月23日)(1分);

历史意义:中国共产党的成立,是中国历史上开天辟地的大事。(2分)自从有了中国共产党,中国革命的面貌焕然一新。(2分)

28. ①镇压太平天国运动,维护清朝统治。

②利用西方先进技术,创办近代军事工业和民用工业。举例略

③开平煤矿。通过创办民用工业就说“富强之基,从此开始”,这有点言过其实。洋务运动没有使中国走向富强的道

路,但它客观上为中国民族资本主义的产生和发展起到了促进作用,为中国的近代化开辟了道路,是应该肯定的。④洋务运动对外国经济势力的扩张起到了一些抵制作用。

29(1)今年5月4日是五四运动95周年纪念日。1919年,中国政府在巴黎和会上提出的合理要求遭到了拒绝,并规定把原来德国在山东的一切权利转给日本.五四运动是一场彻底反帝反封建的伟大爱国革命运动。(2)五四精神是爱国、进步、民主、科学。(4)实现全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标,进而实现中华民族的伟大复兴,把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家是全国各族人民的共同理想也是当代青年的历史使命。青年一代要牢记党和人民的重托,要肩负起历史的使命就要勤于学习,发扬五四先驱所倡导的科学精神。二要善于创造,只有不断创造不断开拓,事业才能发展社会才能进步。三是甘于奉献,在火热的社会实践中创造无悔的青春,永恒的青春。

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小学数学第一册期中试卷 一、 填空题(3+4+6+6+4+2+2+2+2共 31分) 数一数,小黑猫前边有( ) 只小猫,后边有( ) 只小猫,在第8只小猫上打“ √”.? 2. ( )+4=8 9?( )=7 8+( )=10 ( )?3=3 ( )比( )多( ) ( )比( )少( ) ( )比( )少( ) ( )比( )多 ( )? 4. 在○里填“<”、“>”或“=”. 5○5 4?3○4 5+0○5 6○7 3+6○5 9?4○9 5. 按数的顺序填空. 6.比 轻重:轻 5 4 3. ⑵ 1

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