2009年云南大学经济学I考博真题考博试题博士研究生入学考试试题
云南大学２００９年招收攻读博士学位研究生 入学考试试题
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江南大学考博英语历年考题汇总附答案
Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: When Kathie Gifford ’s face was splashed across the newspapers in 1996 after her lucrative line of Wal mart clothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown, the Department of Labor and the White House teamed up to condemn such practices. With much fanfare, President Clinton’s administration launched the “No Sweat” campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers to submit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.; This campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct, a promise to self regulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of the nation ’s largest manufacturers, including Nike and L.L. Bean. However, the Department of Defense, which has a $ 1 billion garment business that would make it the country’s 14th largest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the Code of Conduct. In addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.; Because the Department of Defense has not agreed to adhere to the code, the job of stopping public sector sweatshops falls to the Department of Labor. Federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayer financed contracts. But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, the department has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. “I just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements,” she says. According to records obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years. 21.What is this passgage mainly concerned with? A)The functions of the Department of Labor in America. B)A serious problem threatening American economy. C)The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America. D)The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America. 22.According to the passage, Kathie Gifford ____. A) was one of the underpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown B) was one of the well paid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown C) made much money from cheap laborers in New York City’s Chinatown D) wrote a newspaper article exposing the practice of employing cheap laborers 23.The underlined p hrase “to submit to” is closest in meaning to ____. A) to accept unwillingly B) to refuse coldly C) to welcome warm heartedly D) to blame strongly 24.Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is true? A) It will become the count ry’s 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer. B) It hasn’t acted according to the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) It has demanded its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct. D) It has teamed up with the Department of Labor to launch a campaign. 25.What was the purpose of President Clinton’s administration launching the “No Sweat” campaign? A) To urge manufacturers to obey the Workplace Code of Conduct. B) To remind the manufacturers of the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) To urge the Department of Labor to take its responsibility. D) To urge the Department of Defense to inspect manufacturers. Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: The term investment portfolio conjures up visions of the truly rich-the Rockefellers, the Wal Mart Waltons, Bill Gates. But today, everyone-from the Philadelphia firefighter, his part time receptionist wife and their three children, to the single Los Angeles lawyer starting out on his own-needs a portfolio.; A portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets. It may include real estate, rare stamps and coins, precious metals and even artworks. But those are for people with expertise. What most of us need to know about are stocks, bonds and cash (including such cash equivalents as money market funds).; How do you decide what part of your portfolio should go to each of the big three? Begin by understanding that stocks pay higher returns but are more risky; bonds and cash pay lower returns but are less risky.; Research by Ibbotson Associates, for example, shows that large company stocks, on average, have returned 11.2 percent annually since 1926. Over the same period, by comparison, bonds have returned an annual average of 5.3 percent and cash, 3.8 percent.; But short term risk is another matter. In 1974, a one year $1000 investment in the stock market would have declined to $735.; With bonds, there are two kinds of risk: that the borrower won’t pay you back and that the money you’ll get won’t be worth very much. The U.S. government stands behi nd treasury bonds, so the credit risk is almost nil. But the inflation risk remains. Say you buy a $1000 bond maturing in ten years. If inflation averages about seven percent over that time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can only buy $500 worth of today’s goods.; With cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your CDs every year (or more often). If inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.; As a result, the single most imortant rule in building a portfolio is this: If you don’t need
考博英语历年真题
考博英语历年真题 北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案 Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20 Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suita bly complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET. 21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit compose d of father,mother and children. A.refers to B.defines C.describes D.devotes to 22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that e lderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness. A.reproach ed B.favored C.plagued D.reprehended 23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation_____ ___the quality of interpersonal relationship. A.ascends https://www.360docs.net/doc/11307594.html,pels C.enhances D.prefers 24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of resea rch_____on the human brain. A.was…did B.has been…to be done C.was…doing D.has been…done 25. “I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not t o eat at a restaurant.You’ d better_______at hom e when you are not in the shape.” A.to throw up… to eat B.throwing up…eating C.to throw up…eat D.throwing up…eat 26.Parent shave to show due concerns to their children’ s creativity and emotional output;otherwise what they think beneficial to t he kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations. A.hold back B.hold to C.hold down D.hold over 27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’ s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals____ ____by their context,significance,and information content. A.not less than…as B.as…just as C.so much…as D.not so much… as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south. A.the windows of which opened B.the windows of it opened C. its windows opened D.the windows of which opening 29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned o ut to be a distant relation of his. A.put him up B.put him out C.put him on D.put him in30.By standers, _______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances. A.bloody and cov ered with dust,looking dazed B.bloodied and covered with dust,looked daze
计量经济学期末考试题库完整版及答案
计量经济学题库 令狐采学 、单项选择题（每小题1分） 1．计量经济学是下列哪门学科的分支学科（C）。 A．统计学 B．数学 C．经济学D．数理统计学 2．计量经济学成为一门自力学科的标记是（B）。 A．1930年世界计量经济学会成立B．1933年《计量经济学》会刊出版 C．1969年诺贝尔经济学奖设立 D．1926年计量经济学（Economics）一词构造出来 3．外生变量和滞后变量统称为（D）。 A．控制变量 B．解释变量 C．被解释变量 D．前定变量 4．横截面数据是指（A）。 A．同一时点上不合统计单位相同统计指标组成的数据B．同一时点上相同统计单位相同统计指标组成的数据 C．同一时点上相同统计单位不合统计指标组成的数据D．同一时点上不合统计单位不合统计指标组成的数据 5．同一统计指标，同一统计单位按时间顺序记录形成的数据列是（C）。 A．时期数据 B．混合数据 C．时间序列
数据D．横截面数据 6．在计量经济模型中，由模型系统内部因素决定，表示为具有一定的几率散布的随机变量，其数值受模型中其他变量影响的变量是（ B ）。 A．内生变量 B．外生变量 C．滞后变量 D．前定变量 7．描述微观主体经济活动中的变量关系的计量经济模型是 （ A ）。 A．微观计量经济模型 B．宏观计量经济模型 C．理论计量经济模型 D．应用计量经济模型 8．经济计量模型的被解释变量一定是（ C ）。 A．控制变量 B．政策变量 C．内生变量 D．外生变量 9．下面属于横截面数据的是（ D ）。 A．1991－各年某地区20个乡镇企业的平均工业产值 B．1991－各年某地区20个乡镇企业各镇的工业产值 C．某年某地区20个乡镇工业产值的合计数 D．某年某地区20个乡镇各镇的工业产值 10．经济计量阐发工作的基本步调是（ A ）。 A．设定理论模型→收集样本资料→估计模型参数→检验模型B．设定模型→估计参数→检验模型→应用模型 C．个体设计→总体估计→估计模型→应用模型D．确定模型导向→确定变量及方程式→估计模型→应用模型
(完整版)复旦大学2015年考博英语试题回忆版整理
2015年考博 单选： 有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》） 阅读理解： 第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。 第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary
计量经济学期末考试试卷B
读书破万卷下笔如有神 山东轻工业学院08/09学年第二学期《计量经济学》期末考试试卷 （B卷）（本试卷共7 页） 适用班级：经管学院07级所有学生 20 分）共（本题共一、单项选择题10 小题，每小题2 分， 得分请将其代码填写在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个 1. 在多元回归中，调整后的判定系数与判定系数的关系有（） A． < B． > C． D．关系不能确定 2R＝1时有（）根据判定系数2. 与F统计量的关系可知，当 A．F＝－1 B．F＝0 C．F＝1 D． F＝∞ 3.DW检验法适用于检验（） A．异方差性 B．序列相关 C．多重共线性 D．设定误差 2=0.98，X1的t值＝如果一个二元回归模型的 4. OLS结果为R0.00001,X2的t 值＝0.0000008，则可能存在（）问题。 A. 异方差 B. 自相关 C. 多重共线 D. 随机解释变量 读书破万卷下笔如有神
5. 在多元线性回归模型中，若某个解释变量对其余解释变量的判定系数接近1，则表明模型中存在（） A．异方差性 B．序列相关 C．多重共线性 D．拟合优度低 6.容易产生自相关的数据是（） A．横截面数据 B．时间序列数据 C．年度数据 D．混合数据 ????中，模型：检验7. 线性回归??????x?ux?x?y i20ik1i12kii?时，所用的统计量为：（）),2,(,?0?k?,1H:0? i ?i0????????ii1k?1?t?nt??ttn?k．． B A ?????? ??VV ????ii1??n?tFnk?1,?k?1ktF?．． D C?????? ii22???? ??VV ii2????，8. 对于线性回归模型：检验随机误差项是否u?xxy????????x tkt221ttt0k1存在自相关的统计 量是：（） ???2ee?d61?tti2t?1t??d B． A．??1r nn2? ??n1nn???2e t1?t??2n?r i?t．． D C?t?? ?V2r1?i9. 若回归模型中的随机误差项存在一阶自回归形式的序列相关，则估计模型参数应采用（） A．普通最小二乘法 B．加权最小二乘法 C．广义差分法 D．工具变量法 d和d,在给定显著水平下，若DW统计量的下和上临界值分别为则当10. ul d DW d 时，可认为随机误差项（）ul
计量经济学期末试卷
?第一题判断题10×2=20分（从以下题目中任选10题，判断对错；如果2 ? P66 1，OLS法是使残差平方和最小化的估计方法。 对 2，计算OLS估计值无需古典线性回归模型的基本假定。 对 3，若线性回归模型满足假设条件（1）——（4），但扰动项不服从正态分布，则尽管OLS估计量不再是BLUE，但仍为无偏估计量。 错只要满足（1）——（4），OLS估计量就是BLUE 4，最小二乘斜率系数的假设检验所依据的是t分布，要求??的抽样分布是正态分布。 对 5,R =TSS/ESS 错R =ESS/TSS 6，若回归模型中无截距项，则Σet=0未必成立。 对 7，若原假设未被拒绝，则它为真。 错只能说不能拒绝原假设 8，在双变量回归模型中，б 的值越大，斜率系数的方差越大。 错Var(??)=б /Σxt 只有当Σxt 恒定，上述说法才正确。 P149
1，尽管存在严重多重共线性，普通最小二乘法估计量仍然是最佳线性 无偏估计量。 对 2，如果分析的目的仅仅是为了预测，则多重共线性并无妨碍。 对 3，如果解释变量两两之间的相关系数都低，则一定不存在多重共线性。 错即使解释变量两两之间的相关系数都低，也不能排除存在多重共线性 的可能性 4，如果存在异方差性，通常用的t检验和F检验是无效的。 对 5，当存在自相关时，OLS估计量既不是无偏的，也不是有效的。 注意： 本书中无偏性不成立仅两种情况： 1，模型中忽略了有关的解释变量。 2，随机解释变量与扰动项同期无关。 错在扰动项自相关的情况下OLS估计量仍为无偏估计量，但不再具有最 小方差的性质，即不是BLUE 6，消除一阶自相关的一阶差分变换法假定自相关系数必须等于1。 对 7，模型中包含无关的解释变量，参数估计会有偏，并且会增大估计量的 方差，即增大误差。 错模型中包含无关的解释变量，参数估计仍无偏，但会增大估计量的方 差，即增大误差 8，多元回归中，如果全部“斜率”系数各自t检验都不显著，则R 值也高 不了。
考博英语(阅读理解)-试卷80.doc
考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷80 (总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00) Too much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotalers. Researchers at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderately — defined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day — had an IQ that was 3. 3 points higher that men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2. 5 points higher than female teetotalers. The type of alcohol didn't influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake. The researchers are quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent. "It's very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship," says senior researcher Hiroshi Shimokata. "We screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other factors such as lifestyle and nutritional intake. " Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drinkers eat a lot of cheese, which is not something Japanese people normally consume or buy. Shimokata says the high fat content of cheese is thought to be good for the brain. If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimokata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor. They are known to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating constricted coronary arteries. The study is part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age.（分数：10.00） (1).The Japanese study was carried out on______.（分数：2.00） A.the development of IQ B.the secret of longevity C.the brain food in a glass D.the amount of healthy drinking (2).The Japanese researchers found a higher IQ in______.（分数：2.00） A.female teetotalers than in male ones B.female drinkers than in male ones C.moderate drinkers D.teetotalers (3).When he says that it is very difficult to show cause-effect relationship, Shimokata means that______.（分数：2.00） A.the study failed to involve such variables as income and education B.he is doubtful of the findings of the investigation C.there are some other contributing factors D.the results were just misleading (4).From Shimokata's mention of fish and cheese we can infer that in enhancing intelligence______.（分数：2.00） A.sake or wine is a perfect match for fish and cheese B.they promote the drinking effect of sake or wine C.they are not as effective as sake and wine D.sake or wine is not alone (5).Based on the study, Shimokata would say that______.（分数：2.00） A.intelligence improves with age
计量经济学期末考试题库(完整版)与答案
计量经济学题库 、单项选择题（每小题1分） 1．计量经济学是下列哪门学科的分支学科（C）。 A．统计学 B．数学 C．经济学 D．数理统计学 2．计量经济学成为一门独立学科的标志是（B）。 A．1930年世界计量经济学会成立B．1933年《计量经济学》会刊出版 C．1969年诺贝尔经济学奖设立 D．1926年计量经济学（Economics）一词构造出来 3．外生变量和滞后变量统称为（D）。 A．控制变量 B．解释变量 C．被解释变量 D．前定变量 4．横截面数据是指（A）。 A．同一时点上不同统计单位相同统计指标组成的数据B．同一时点上相同统计单位相同统计指标组成的数据 C．同一时点上相同统计单位不同统计指标组成的数据D．同一时点上不同统计单位不同统计指标组成的数据 5．同一统计指标，同一统计单位按时间顺序记录形成的数据列是（C）。 A．时期数据 B．混合数据 C．时间序列数据 D．横截面数据 6．在计量经济模型中，由模型系统内部因素决定，表现为具有一定的概率分布的随机变量，其数值受模型中其他变量影响的变量是（ B ）。 A．内生变量 B．外生变量 C．滞后变量 D．前定变量 7．描述微观主体经济活动中的变量关系的计量经济模型是（ A ）。 A．微观计量经济模型 B．宏观计量经济模型 C．理论计量经济模型 D．应用计量经济模型 8．经济计量模型的被解释变量一定是（ C ）。 A．控制变量 B．政策变量 C．内生变量 D．外生变量 9．下面属于横截面数据的是（ D ）。 A．1991－2003年各年某地区20个乡镇企业的平均工业产值 B．1991－2003年各年某地区20个乡镇企业各镇的工业产值 C．某年某地区20个乡镇工业产值的合计数 D．某年某地区20个乡镇各镇的工业产值10．经济计量分析工作的基本步骤是（ A ）。 A．设定理论模型→收集样本资料→估计模型参数→检验模型B．设定模型→估计参数→检验模型→应用模型 C．个体设计→总体估计→估计模型→应用模型D．确定模型导向→确定变量及方程式→估计模型→应用模型 11．将内生变量的前期值作解释变量，这样的变量称为（ D ）。 A．虚拟变量 B．控制变量 C．政策变量 D．滞后变量 12．（ B ）是具有一定概率分布的随机变量，它的数值由模型本身决定。 A．外生变量 B．内生变量 C．前定变量 D．滞后变量 13．同一统计指标按时间顺序记录的数据列称为（ B ）。 A．横截面数据 B．时间序列数据 C．修匀数据 D．原始数据 14．计量经济模型的基本应用领域有（ A ）。 A．结构分析、经济预测、政策评价 B．弹性分析、乘数分析、政策模拟 C．消费需求分析、生产技术分析、 D．季度分析、年度分析、中长期分析 15．变量之间的关系可以分为两大类，它们是（ A ）。 A．函数关系与相关关系B．线性相关关系和非线性相关关系 C．正相关关系和负相关关系D．简单相关关系和复杂相关关系 16．相关关系是指（ D ）。 A．变量间的非独立关系B．变量间的因果关系C．变量间的函数关系 D．变量间不确定性的依存关系
计量经济学期末试卷(满分70分)
计量经济学期末试卷（2004年6月，满分70分） 一（24分）将中国城镇居民按照人均年收入分成组，以2003年的组平均数为样本观测值，建立中国城镇居民消费函数模型，以人均年消费额为被解释变量，经过理论分析和经验检验，选择人均年收入和人均储蓄余额作为解释变量，解释变量和被解释变量之间的关系为直接线性关系。模型形式为： ⑴分别写出该问题的总体回归函数、总体回归模型、样本回归函数和样本回归模型； ⑵分别写出随机误差项具有同方差且无序列相关、具有异方差但无序列相关、具有异方差且具有一阶序列相关时的方差—协方差矩阵； ⑶当模型满足基本假设时，写出关于普通最小二乘法参数估计量的正规方程组； ⑷直观判断该模型是否具有异方差性？为什么？ ⑸如果该模型存在异方差性，写出加权最小二乘法参数估计量的矩阵表达式，并指出在实际估计时权矩阵是如何选择的； ⑹指出“偏回归系数” 的实际含义，并指出解释变量满足什么条件时可以用一元回归模型得到相同的的估计结果？ ⑺如果仅以入均收入200元及以上的收入组为样本，用OLS和ML分别估计模型，参数估计量是否等价？为什么？ ⑻如果模型中未包括显著的解释变量，可能导致模型违背哪些基本假设？ 二（8分）简要回答下列问题： ⑴C-D生产函数模型和CES生产函数模型关于要素替代弹性和技术进步的假设分别是什么？ ⑵建立城镇居民食品类需求函数模型如下： 其中V为人均购买食品支出额、Y为人均收入、为食品类价格、为其它商品类价格。指出各个参数估计量的经济意义和数值范围。 三（8分）某联立方程计量经济学模型有3个方程、3个内生变量、3个外生变量和样本观测值始终为1的虚变量C，样本容量为n。其中第二个方程为 ⑴能否采用OLS方法估计该结构方程？为什么？ ⑵如果采用工具变量方法估计该方程，如何选择的工具变量？（指出两种选择） 四（16分）中国的银行系统正遭受着坏帐的困扰，有估计认为全部坏帐足以让整个银行系统崩溃。毫无疑问坏帐是资源配置被扭曲的一个例子，换句话说如果没有坏帐，中国的GDP增长率也许会更高。为检验这一理论，假设你已经收集了中国银行系统坏帐累计总额的时序数据，以及其它一些总量数据如GDP，人口和总投资。 ⑴写出一个能够描述该问题的计量经济学模型，并解释。 ⑵写出检验下述命题的原假设：“坏帐对当期GDP增长率无影响”。 ⑶为1中你的模型提供合适的计量经济学估计方法，详细说明。 ⑷要让3中你的估计量满足一致性，必须满足什么条件？ 五（14分）假设你想研究国企和外企生产率的差别，为此你建立了如下的模型：