陈汉生专四模拟样题6

样题6

P158

31 display

1）展示;展览;陈列

The cabinets display seventeenth-century blue-and-white porcelain.

展柜中陈列着17世纪的青花瓷。

2）展现;展示

She displayed her wound to the twelve gentlemen of the jury.

她给陪审团的12 位男士看了她的伤口。

The chart can then display the links connecting these groups.

这张图就会显示出这些群体之间的关联。

3) 显示，显露，表现(特性或情感)

It was unlike Gordon to display his feelings.

戈登不太可能表露他的情感。

He has displayed remarkable courage in his efforts to reform the party.

在政党改革中，他表现出了非凡的勇气。

Reflect

1) 反映；表现；显示

The Los Angeles riots reflected the bitterness between the black and Korean communities in the city.

洛杉矶的暴乱反映出这个城市的黑人社区和韩裔社区之间的仇恨。

Concern at the economic situation was reflected in the government's budget.

政府的预算反映了对经济运行状况的关注。

2)（光、热或其他射线）反射

The glass appears to reflect light naturally.

玻璃似乎可以自然反射光线。

3)（在镜子或水中）映出

His image seemed to be reflected many times in the mirror.

那面镜子里好像映现出很多个他的影像。

4) 沉思；深思

We should all give ourselves time to reflect.

我们都应该给自己时间好好想想。

I reflected on the child's future.

我认真考虑了孩子的将来。

5) 认为;想

Things were very much changed since before the war, he reflected.

情况与战前大不同了，他想。

6) 使对…产生某种印象

The affair hardly reflected well on the British.

这个事件很难让人们对英国人有好印象。

Your own personal behavior as a teacher, outside of school hours, reflects on the school itself.

作为教师，你在课堂以外的个人行为会影响人们对学校的印象。

Appear

1) 好像;似乎;看来

The aircraft appears to have crashed near Katmandu.

飞机似乎在加德满都附近坠毁了。

It appears that some missiles have been moved.

一些导弹似乎已经被移走了。

He appeared willing to reach an agreement.

他似乎愿意达成协议。

2) 出现；显现

A woman appeared at the far end of the street.

一个女人远远出现在街的尽头。

Last night some of the prisoners appeared on the roof.

昨晚，其中几个犯人出现在房顶上。

...small white flowers which appear in early summer

初夏时绽放的白色小花

Slogans have appeared on walls around the city.

标语已出现在全城周围的墙上。

...a test which can reveal infection at an early stage, before symptoms appear

可在症状出现前检测出早期感染的测试

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1) 离题的；不相关的beside the point

Brian didn't like it, but that was beside the point.

布赖恩不喜欢它，但那并不重要。

2) 谈到正题；讲到关键问题come to the point or get to the point

He came to the point at once. 'You did a splendid job on this case.'

他立刻切入正题道：“这件案子你处理得很棒。”

Was she ever going to get to the point?

她到底还会不会讲到重点？

3) 证明自己的论点make point or prove point

I think you've made your point, dear.

亲爱的，我想你已证明你的观点了。

Dr. David, of Boston University, studied one-hundred people, aged eighteen to sixty, to prove the point.

为证明这一点，波士顿大学的戴维博士对100名年龄在18至60岁之间的人进行了研究。The tie-break proved the point.

决胜局证明了这一点。

4) 特意；故意make a point of doing something

She made a point of spending as much time as possible away from Osborne House.

她特意尽可能地不呆在奥斯本庄园。

5) 正要…之际；就要…之时on the point of doing something

He was on the point of saying something when the phone rang.

他正要说话时电话铃响了。

She looked on the point of tears.

她看起来就要哭了。

6)切题的；中肯的to the point

Mr. Baker was smiling and to the point.

贝克先生微笑着，说得很中肯。

The description which he had been given was brief and to the point.

给他的描述言简意赅。

34

cater

1) 为…提供服务;满足…的需要;接待

Minorca is the sort of place that caters for families.

梅诺卡岛是那种适合家庭旅游的地方。

We cater to an exclusive clientele.

我们只接待特定的高端客户。

2) 将…考虑进去;考虑到

We have to-demand.

我们得考虑需求。

Exercise classes cater to all levels of fitness.

各种健身班会照顾到不同身体状况的人。

organize

组织；安排；筹备If you organize an event or activity, you make sure that the necessary arrangements are made.

In the end, we all decided to organize a concert for Easter.

最终，我们一致决定组织一场复活节音乐会。

...a two-day meeting organized by the United Nations.

由联合国组织的为期两天的会议

The initial mobilization was well organized.

初步动员安排到位。

manage

管理;经营;掌管If you manage an organization, business, or system, or the people who work in it, you are responsible for controlling them.

Within two years he was managing the store.

不出两年他就开始管理这家店了。

Most factories in the area are obsolete and badly managed.

这个地区的绝大多数工厂都十分陈旧，经营状况也非常糟糕。

There is a lack of confidence in the government's ability to manage the economy.

人民对该政府管理经济的能力缺乏信心。

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Deserve 应得;应受;值得

Government officials clearly deserve some of the blame as well.

政府官员显然也应当承担部分责任。

They know the sport inside out, and we treat them with the respect they deserve.

他们对这项体育运动了如指掌，我们也给予了他们应有的尊重。

These people deserve to make more than the minimum wage.

这些人应该得到比最低工资更高的报酬。

37

Set the stage for 为…打好基础，为…创造条件

The thrilling semi-finals set the stage for what should be a great game.

半决赛尚且激动人心，决赛将更扣人心弦了。

The president's recent death set the stage for a military coup.

总统最近死后，酝酿着一场军事政变。

They've set the stage for a protracted struggle.

他们已作好长期争斗的准备。

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as作为关系代词引导定语从句

一、as引导限制性定语从句

主要结构有：

the same…as

as…as

such…as

so…as

主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。

1. It's the same person as we wanted to find yesterday.

我们昨天要找的是同一个人。

2. Such girls as he knows are good at English.

他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。

3. Do you have such books as we like?

你有我们喜欢那种书吗？

4. She will marry as healthy a man as she can find.

她将嫁给她能找到的任何一个有钱人。

5. There is so warm a house as we want to live in.

这里有如此暖和的房子，我们都想住在里面。

6. He has so difficult a problem, as none of us can solve.

他有如此难的一个问题，我们没有人能解决。

二as引导限制性定语从句，有“如，似，正像”的含义

1. Things are not always as they appear.

事情并不一直像他们表面那样。

2. The boy has as much progress as we had expected.

正像我们所预料的那样，这个男孩取得了大的进步。

三、引导非限制性定语从句

⑴as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首，句中或句尾

1. As everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history.

每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。

2. The earth, as we know, moves round the sun.

地球，我们都知道，围着太阳转。

3. Tom works hard and is willing to help others, as we all know.

汤母工作努力，并且乐于助人，这一点我们都知道。

⑵非限制性定语从句中的谓语为被动式时，常用as做主语

be said/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/discussed

1. Grammar, as has been said before, is not a set of dead rules.

语法，就像以前所说，不是一套死规则。

2. As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.

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necessarily一定地;必定地

Anger is not necessarily the most useful or acceptable reaction to such events.

对于这种事，发火不见得是最有用或最能被接受的反应。

Speed and safety are not necessarily incompatible.

速度和安全未必不相容。

A higher fee does not necessarily mean a better course.

收费更高并不意味着课程就一定更好。

absolutely

1) 完全地；彻底地

Jill is absolutely right.

吉尔完全正确。

I absolutely refuse to get married.

我决不结婚。

There is absolutely no difference!

这绝对没有任何不同！

2)（用于强调）确实地，绝对地

'It's worrying, isn't it?' 'Absolutely.'

“这让人担忧，不是吗？”——“确实是。”

'Did they approach you?' 'No, absolutely not.'

“他们找过你了吗？”——“没有，绝对没有。”

44

Begin with this one and do the others afterwards.

先做这个，然后再做其他的事。

Let me begin with my trip on the train.

还是从火车上说起吧！

45

Bright

1）（颜色）鲜艳的，明亮的

...a bright red dress

鲜红的连衣裙

...a display of brightly colored flowers

色彩艳丽的花卉展示

2）（光线）充足的，明亮的

...a bright October day

10月的一天，天气晴朗

She leaned forward, her eyes bright with excitement.

她身体前倾，眼里闪动着兴奋的光芒。

3）聪明的；伶俐的

I was convinced that he was brighter than average.

我确信他比一般人聪明。

4）（主意）聪明的，巧妙的

There are lots of books crammed with bright ideas.

许多书里都有很多绝妙的想法。

Ford had the bright idea of paying workers enough to buy cars.

福特公司想出了付给工人足够的薪水去购买汽车这一绝妙的主意。

5）快乐的；活泼的；开朗的

The boy was so bright and animated.

这个男孩活泼开朗，充满活力。

'May I help you?' said a bright American voice over the telephone.

“请问您需要什么帮助？”电话里传出一个充满活力的美国人的声音。6）（未来）光明的，有希望的

Both had successful careers and the future looked bright.

两个人都事业有成，前程似锦。

There are much brighter prospects for a comprehensive settlement than before. 综合性的社区具有比以前更加光明的前景。

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demanding费时的;费力的;劳神的;要求很高的

He found he could no longer cope with his demanding job.

他发现自己已无力应对那份劳神费力的工作了。

It is a demanding role and she needs to work hard at it.

那是一个要求很高的角色，她必须要加倍努力。

Rewarding有益的;值得的;有意义的;令人满意的

...a career which she found stimulating and rewarding

她觉得刺激而有意义的职业

Life for the successful doctor can be emotionally and financially rewarding.

对于事业有成的医生来说，生活在精神和物质两方面都能令人满足。

48

mind

以…为目标(或理由、基础);考虑到with … in mind

These families need support. With this in mind a group of 35 specialists met last weekend.

这些家庭需要帮助。为此35位专家组成的小组上周末会面进行了商谈。

担心;惦记;挂念on one’s mind

This game has been on my mind all week.

整整一个星期，我都在为这次比赛紧绷着一根弦。

I just forgot. I've had a lot on my mind.

我完全忘了，我脑子里的事太多了。

精神失常;极其愚蠢out of their mind

What are you doing? Are you out of your mind?

你在干什么？你疯了吗？

50

protest抗议；反对[C]

The opposition now seems too weak to stage any serious protests against the government.

反对党现在似乎势力非常弱小，无法针对政府发起真正的抗议。

The unions called a two-hour strike in protest at the railway authority's announcement.

各工会号召罢工两小时，以对铁路当局所发通告表示抗议。

...a protest march

抗议游行

Complaint

1）[U] 抱怨、埋怨、不满

The road-works caused much complaint among local residents.

2) [C] 控告;控诉;投诉

There's been a record number of complaints about the standard of service on Britain's railways. 有关英国铁路服务水平的投诉空前的多。

People have been reluctant to make formal complaints to the police.

人们不愿向警方作出正式投诉。

3) [C] 不满的原因

I have a number of complaints about the hotel room you have given me. 有不满意见

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Other than that, he knew scarcely anyone well.

除此之外，没有什么他熟悉的人。

We can get him on extortion, but other than that, I got nothing.

我们顶多可以告他敲诈罪，其它方面，我没办法。

53

Wish

1）想要，希望(做…)

If you wish to go away for the weekend, our office will be delighted to make hotel reservations.

如果您想外出度周末，我们办事处将很乐意为您预订旅馆。

I don't wish to sound callous, but I am glad I wasn't here.

我不想让自己的话听上去麻木不仁，但我真的很庆幸我当时没在这儿。

2）希望(不可能或可能性很小的事发生)

I wish I could do that.

我希望我能做那件事。

I wish it weren't true.

但愿这不是真的。

Pa, I wish you wouldn't shout.

爸，我希望你不要嚷嚷了。

3）祈求;企求;默默期盼

We have all wished for men who are more considerate.

我们都曾祈求能找到一个更加体贴的人。

A philosopher once said, 'Be careful what you wish for; you might get it.'

一位哲学家曾说过：“别轻易许愿——你可能会如愿以偿。”

4）祝;祝愿

I wish you both a very good journey.

我祝愿你们两人旅途愉快。

Goodbye, Hanu. I wish you well.

再见，哈努，祝你顺心如意。

54

Devote献（身）；奉献，投入(时间、精力等)

He decided to devote the rest of his life to scientific investigation.

他决定将自己的余生献给科学研究事业。

Considerable resources have been devoted to proving him a liar.

为了证明他是个骗子已投入了相当多的人力和财力。

She gladly gave up her part-time job to devote herself entirely to her art.

她欣然辞去了兼职工作，全身心地投入到她的艺术中去。

55

Provided conj. 如果；假如；在…的条件下

The other banks are going to be very eager to help, provided that they see that he has a specific plan.

如果看到他有具体的计划，其他银行会很愿意提供帮助。

Provided they are fit I see no reason why they shouldn't go on playing for another four or five years.

只要他们身体强健，我看不出他们有什么理由不继续再打四五年比赛。

56

Follow (文章或讲演)接下来是,后面的是，下面是

What follows is an eyewitness account.

接下来的是目击者的陈述。

There followed a list of places where Hans intended to visit.

下面列出的是汉斯打算游览的地点。

General analysis is followed by five case studies.

综合分析之后是5个个案研究。

Follow up 继而进行，采取进一步行动

The book proved such a success that the authors followed it up with The Messianic Legacy. 这本书取得了巨大的成功，作者于是又推出一部《弥赛亚的遗产》。

The salesmen usually follow up a letter with a visit.

推销员往往在写了信之后又上门拜访。

As follows 如下;分别是

The winners are as follows: E. Walker; R. Foster; R. Gates; A. Mackintosh..

优胜者分别是：E.沃克、R.福斯特、R.盖茨和A.麦金托什。

This can be done if you proceed as follows.

按照如下操作即可完成。

Followed by紧随其后;其次是

Potatoes are still the most popular food, followed by white bread.

马铃薯仍然是最受欢迎的食物，其次是白面包。

57

Other than 除了

That proposal is nothing else other than a patchwork.

那个建议只是一个大杂烩而已。

The new arrival was none other than the President.

刚到的不是别人，正是总统。

58

Given prep. 介词

1) 如果有（机会等）

Write down the sort of thing you would like to do, given the opportunity.

有机会的话写下你想做的事情。

Given patience, successful breeding of this species can be achieved.

只要有耐心，是能成功培育出这一品种的。

2) 考虑到

Given the uncertainty over Leigh's future I was left with little other choice.

考虑到利前途未卜，我没有什么选择余地。

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1) can 与be able to

指过去某时或某个时刻做成某事，不用could,而用was\were able to, managed to do或succeeded in doing等.

I talked with her for a long time, and eventually I was able to\managed to make her believe me.我谈了很久，最终还是使她相信了我的话。

2)could经常和动词see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand等连用。

When we went into the house, we could smell something burning.

当我们走进屋子时，我们闻到什么东西烧焦了。（不用was able to）

She spoke in a very low voice, but I could understand what she said.

虽然她讲话的声音很低，但我还是明白了她说的话。

3) 在谈论说话时发生的动作，用can，不用be able to。

【误】Look! I'm able to swim.

【正】Look! I can swim. 看，我会游泳了！

4) 在用used to谈论过去有能力做某事，但现在失去了这个能力时，我们用be able to。如：I used to be able to play the violin.

5) 在谈论将来有能力做某事。我们用will be able to。

如：After only a few lessons, you will be able to understand basic Spanish.

6) 在其它动词may, might, would, want或hope后，用be able to.

如：He might be able to fix your car.

You should be able to taste the difference.

I want her to be able to use a computer.

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Not long before

It was not long before I tracked down the lost watch.

不久我就找到了遗失的表。

It was not long before the news was widely circulated.

这个消息不久就哄传开了。

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双重属格的用法：

例如：a friend of my brother's, two plays of Shakespeare's, some children of Mr. Brown's, these ideas of yours, those dirty shoes of James'.双重属格的名词前不能用the和one来修饰, 只能是非特指的名词，而双重属格的of属格的名词必须是确定的对象，即特指。

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Unlikely 不太可能的

A military coup seems unlikely.

看起来不太可能会发生军事政变。

As with many technological revolutions, you are unlikely to be aware of it.

就像诸多的技术革命一样，你可能不太会注意到它。

Doubtful 未必的，未知的

It is doubtful whether Tweed, even with his fluent French, passed for one of the locals.

尽管特威德能说一口流利的法语，他是否能被当作当地人还很难说。

Whether the authorities will allow inspection is highly doubtful.

当局是否允许检查还是个大问号。

Improbable 不大可能的

It seems improbable that this year's figure will fall much below last year's 75,000.

看来今年的数字不大可能比去年的75,000 差太多。

Unexpected 想不到的；未预料到的；意外的

His death was totally unexpected.

他的死亡完全出乎意料。

He made a brief, unexpected appearance at the office.

他出乎意料地在办公室露了一下脸。

Help may also come from some unexpected places.

帮助也可能来自某些意想不到的地方。

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Respectable 体面的;可敬的;正派的

He came from a perfectly respectable middle-class family.

他出身于一个非常正派的中产阶级家庭。

It was a highly respectable and what was called an 'old-fashioned' hotel situated not far from Piccadilly.

这是一家非常体面的“老式”旅馆，坐落在离皮卡迪利广场不远的地方。

Respectful 尊重人的;有礼貌的;恭敬的

He was always so polite and respectful.

他总是彬彬有礼，尊敬他人。

The children in our family are always respectful to their elders.

我们家的孩子对长辈总是恭恭敬敬的。

Respective分别的;各自的

Steve and I were at very different stages in our respective careers.

史蒂夫和我在各自的职业生涯中处于迥然不同的阶段。

They went into their respective bedrooms to pack.

他们回到各自的卧室打包。

Respected 受尊敬的;受敬重的;受重视的

He is highly respected for his novels and plays.

他的小说和剧本使他非常受人敬重。

She is a well respected member of the international community.

她在国际社会中非常受人敬重。

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Root (问题、困境等的)根源，起因，祸根

We got to the root of the problem.

我们找到了问题的根源。

His sense of guilt had its roots in his childhood loss of his younger sister.

他的负疚感源于他在童年失去了妹妹。

Gist（发言、谈话或文章的）主旨，要点

He related the gist of his conversation to Naseby.

他将他谈话的要点告诉了纳斯比。

Base 出发点；起点；基础

The post will give him a powerful political base from which to challenge the Kremlin. 这个职位将给他提供一个强有力的政治基点来挑战克里姆林宫。

The family base was crucial to my development.

家庭基础对我的发展至关重要。

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unpleasantly 令人不舒服地、令人不快地

The water moved darkly around the body, unpleasantly thick and brown.

黏稠的棕黑色污水在尸体周围流动着，非常恶心。

The smell was unpleasantly strong.

那股异味很刺鼻。

Melissa laughed unpleasantly.

梅莉莎的笑声令人不悦

The Heidlers are an unpleasantly hypocritical pair.

海德勒夫妇很虚伪，很让人讨厌。

69

Glance Vi.

1) 瞥；迅速地看一眼

He glanced at his watch.

他匆匆看了一下手表。

I glanced back.

我回头一瞥。

2) 浏览

I picked up the phone book and glanced through it.

我拿起电话簿，匆匆扫了一遍。

I never even glanced at the political page of a daily paper.

我对日报的政治版从来连看都不看。

Glimpse 瞥见Vt.

She glimpsed a group of people standing on the bank of a river.

她瞥见一群人站在河岸边。

glance瞟一眼，是指主动的加以注意瞟了一眼；

glimpse也是瞟了一眼，不过偏重于被动的，强调无意识的，比如某个东西在眼前闪了一下，不是你主动去看的。

Peep V。瞥；偷看；窥视

Children came to peep at him round the doorway.

孩子们围在门口偷看他。

Now and then she peeped to see if he was noticing her.

她时不时地偷眼看他是否在注意自己。

Peer Vi.（通常因难以看清而）盯着看，凝视，端详

I had been peering at a computer print-out that made no sense at all.

我一直盯着看一张毫无意义的计算机打印稿。

He watched the Customs official peer into the driver's window.

他看见海关官员透过驾驶座车窗仔细地往里看。

70

There is no telling很难说

There is no telling what will happen in future.

无法预测将来会发生什么事情。

There is no telling what kind of damage those conditions have caused.

尚不知道在那种环境下会造成何种损害。

there is no knowing不知道

There is no knowing where she's gone.

无法知道她到哪去了。

There is no knowing what may happen.

未来的事无法知道。

There is no denying不可否认

There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

There is no denying that they played well, very tenacious.

不可否认，他们打得很好，很顽强。

71

By intention 故意

I am not a person pursuing position and wealth by intention .

我是一个不刻意追求功利的人。

have no intention of/ have every intention of不想/很想;不打算/一心打算

We have no intention of buying American jets.

我们无意购买美国喷气式飞机。

Those close to him are convinced that he has every intention of staying on until the end of his seven-year term.

他身边的人都确信他打算继续留任，直到7 年任期期满。

by design 有意地;故意地;蓄意地

The pair met often — at first by chance but later by design.

这两个人经常见面——开始是偶然的，后来就是有意的了。

have designs on 图谋得到;打…的主意

Greece has always stressed that it had no designs on the territory.

希腊一直强调它对这片领土没有任何企图。

By choice故意、自愿

He used that word intentionally; I did this by choice.

他有意使用那个词语；我故意这样做的。

She helped her friend by choice.

她是自愿帮助她的朋友的。

have no choice but or have little choice but不得不;只好

They had little choice but to agree to what he suggested.

他们别无选择，只好接受他的提议。

of one’s choice…选中的;…看中的

...tickets to see the football team of your choice

观看自己喜欢的足球队比赛的门票

In many societies children still marry someone of their parents' choice.

在许多社会，子女结婚仍然只能听从父母之命。

on purpose特意地；故意地；有意地

Was it an accident or did David do it on purpose?

是意外还是戴维故意所为？

72

Find fault with 挑剔，找岔子

He loved best to find fault with me.

他最喜欢找我的岔了。

We criticized you because we wanted to help you, not in order to find fault with you.

我们批评你，是为了帮助你，绝不是跟你过不去。

73

access

１）进入（权）；通道;入径

Scientists have only recently been able to gain access to the area.

科学家直到最近才得以进入该地区。

The Mortimer Hotel offers easy access to central London.

从莫蒂默旅馆去往伦敦市中心交通近便。

２）查阅（或使用）的机会（或权利）

...a Code of Practice that would give patients right of access to their medical records

允许病人查看自己病历的职业准则

３）接近（或面见）的机会（或权利）

He was not allowed access to a lawyer.

他未被获准见律师。

My ex-wife deliberately sabotages my access to the children.

我的前妻蓄意阻挠我见孩子。

Entrance 入会资格;入学资格;入行资格

Entrance to universities and senior secondary schools was restricted.

进入大学或高中的资格受到限制。

...entrance exams for the French civil service

法国公务员资格考试

Admission准许进入；准许加入；进入；加入

Students apply for admission to a particular college.

学生们申请上某所大学。

Poland and Czechoslovakia have vigorously pursued admission to the European Community...

波兰和捷克斯洛伐克已经积极寻求加入欧共体。

74

Outstanding杰出的；出众的；优秀的

Derartu is an outstanding athlete and deserved to win.

德拉尔图是位优秀的运动员，赢得比赛也是理所当然。

...an area of outstanding natural beauty

自然景色美不胜收的地方

He was outstanding at tennis and golf.

他的网球和高尔夫球球技一流。

conspicuous 显眼的;引人注目的If someone or something is conspicuous, people can see or notice them very easily.

She's always conspicuous because of her fashionable clothes.

她总是穿着入时,引人注目。

You may feel tearful in situations where you feel conspicuous.

觉得自己身处众目睽睽之下时，你可能会有想哭的感觉。

Unusual

1）不寻常的；不常见的；罕见的

They have replanted many areas with rare and unusual plants.

他们在许多地方重新种上了珍稀植物。

2）异于常人的；与众不同的；不同凡响的If you describe someone as unusual, you think that they are interesting and different from other people.

He was an unusual man with great business talents.

此人不同凡响，具有异常敏锐的商业头脑。

Distinguishing有区别的

That will be the one unique distinguishing characteristic.

那将会是一个独特的有区别的特性。

It is their distinguishing characteristic.

这是他们与众不同的特征。

75

In due course到时候、在适当的时候

I shall answer your letter in due course.

在适当的时候，我会给你回信的。

You will understand in due course.

到时候你自然明白。

76

coarse

1)(质地)粗的，粗糙的;粗织的（大颗粒地）

...a jacket made of very coarse cloth

粗布制成的夹克

...a beach of coarse sand

粗沙海滩

2) (言行)粗鲁的，粗俗的

The soldiers did not bother to moderate their coarse humour in her presence.

她在的时候，士兵们还是照样说粗俗的笑话，都懒得收敛。

Rude

1) 粗鲁的;无礼的;粗野的

He's rude to her friends and obsessively jealous.

他对她的朋友很无礼而且嫉妒心重。

People were quite often rude about him, often the people he had helped...

人们经常对他很无礼，其中有很多还曾得到过他的帮助。

2) 突然的;猝不及防的;突如其来的

It will come as a rude shock when their salary or income-tax refund cannot be cashed.

如果他们的工资或所得税返还不能兑现，这对他们来说将是晴天霹雳。

3) 粗糙的;简陋的

Roden had already constructed a rude cabin for himself and his family in case of necessity.

罗登已为自己和家人搭好了一个简陋的小木屋，以备不时之需。

Crude

1) 天然的;自然的

Crude oil/ sugar原油、粗糖

2）粗略的、未完成的

A crude sketch/method 粗略的草图、方法

His paintings are rather crude. 他画的画不够成熟。

2) 简陋的

...crude wooden boxes

简陋的木盒子

3) 冒犯的;粗鲁的;不精明的

Nev! Must you be quite so crude?

尼夫！你非得那么粗俗吗？

...crude language

粗俗的语言

Rough

1) (表面)粗糙不平的，不光滑的

His hands were rough and calloused, from years of karate practice.

由于多年练习空手道，他的双手粗糙不平，布满老茧。

Grace made her way slowly across the rough ground.

格雷斯缓慢地走过高低不平的地面。

2)(人或行为)粗暴的，粗野的，粗鲁的

They have complained of discrimination and occasional rough treatment.

他们抗议遭受歧视，而且偶尔还会遭到粗暴的对待。

3) (日子)艰难的，困难的，不愉快的

All women have a rough time in our society.

在我们的社会中，所有女性的日子都不好过。

Tomorrow, he knew, would be a rough day.

他知道明天将会是艰难的一天。

4) (计算、猜测)大概的，粗略的，不精确的

We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much fuel would be required. 我们只能对所需燃料作一个粗略的估计。

As a rough guide, a horse needs 2.5 per cent of his body weight in food every day. 作为一个大致的参照，一匹马每天需要吃相当于其体重2.5％的食物。

5)做工粗糙的;不精致的;简陋的

...a rough wooden table

做工粗糙的木桌子

6) (天气)恶劣的，狂风暴雨的;(海面)波浪滔天的

A fishing vessel and a cargo ship collided in rough seas.

一艘捕鱼船和一艘货船在波涛汹涌的海上相撞了。

77

sheer(用于强调)纯粹的，完全的，十足的

His music is sheer delight.

听他的音乐完全是一种享受。

Sheer chance quite often plays an important part in sparking off an idea.

灵感的激发通常纯粹是靠运气。

...acts of sheer desperation

彻底绝望的行为

79

Coincide with与…一致

His tastes and habits coincide with those of his wife.

他的爱好跟习惯恰好和他的妻子相同。

He happened to coincide with you on this point.

在这一问题上，他与你不谋而合。

adhere to

1)附着

This paint will adhere to any surface, whether rough or smooth.

这种油漆能附着于任何粗糙或光滑的表面。

2)遵循

They failed to adhere to our original agreement.

他们未能遵守我们原定的协议。

3)坚持

We must adhere to the principle of making study serve the practical purpose. 我们必须坚持学以致用的原则。

Cling to

1) 紧握不放

The small child clung to his mother.

那小孩紧紧抓住母亲不放。

2) 忠实于

One should cling to one's friends.

对朋友应该忠实。

3) 舍不得放弃、拒绝放弃

After so many years, she was still clinging to the hope that he could return. 许多年过去了，她仍抱着他会回来的希望。

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At length

1)充分地；详尽地

He talked at length about his work and his family.

他详谈他的工作和家庭。

2)最后；终于

At length he returned.

他最后还是回来了。

At random任意地，随便地

Soiled dishes were piled at random.

脏碟子胡乱地堆着。

I'd take a few volumes from the library upstairs and read them at random.

我常常从楼上的图书室里拿来几卷随意翻读。

In essence本质上

The two things are the same in outward form but different in essence.

这两件东西外表形式一样，但实质不同。

The regional development disharmony is disharmony of urban-rural development in essence. 区域发展不协调本质上是城乡发展不协调。

In bulk大量地

He bought rice in bulk.

他购买了大量稻米。

Mr Hobbs bought food in bulk at the local cash and carry.

霍布斯先生在本地一家现购自运式商店购买了大量食品。