浅谈考研英语同位语从句的翻译

浅谈考研英语同位语从句的翻译
浅谈考研英语同位语从句的翻译

浅谈考研英语同位语从句的翻译

同位语从句是名词性从句的一种,其基本的构成形式,是通过陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句来构成的:比如:

He is a boy.

Are you a boy?

Who is a boy?

我们用他们分别来构成从句。陈述句直接加that引导,一般疑问句变陈述语序加whether或if引导,特殊疑问句保留特殊疑问词。构成如下:

I know the fact that he is a boy.

I have a question whether he is a boy.

I have a quesion who is a boy.

知道了其构成,我们在考试中就可以将其识别出来了,那么,识别出来以后,如何对他们进行翻译呢?主要有以下4种翻译方法。

1.保持句子本身的顺序。一般的同位语从句,可以按照句子的结构顺译,保持句序,有时为了点明,加“即,也就是”这样的连接词,会使句子更自然。当然,使用功能类似的标点,比如用冒号、破折号等标点符号也可,如:

Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.

【参考译文】Whorf对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣,逐渐形成了这样的观点,即在一个社会中,语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。

再如:

During the Second World War,several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

【参考译文】第二次世界大战期间,一些国家的政府得出结论:政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。

2.可以单独成句翻译。本文来源微博@鬼谷一喵,比如这句话:If the small hot spots look as expected,that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea,a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. 句中做同位语的是 a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory这个部分,由于其中还有-ed分词做后置定语,可以把同位语单独译成一个句子成分:假如这些小热点看上去同预计的一致,那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利,这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论,亦称宇宙膨胀说。

The mere fact that most people believe nuclear war would be madness doesn’t mean that it will not occur.

【参考译文】事实上,大多数人认为核战争是残忍,但仅此一点并不意味着核战争由此

不会发生。

3.可以译成定语。这种情况中往往同位语从句所修饰的名词做句子主语,如果把同位语从句译成定语,则不影响句子的其它成分。如:

The belief that failure is the mother of success has kept him go on experimenting.

【参考译文】失败是成功之母的信念使他继续进行实验。

4.可以译成宾语。一般说来,这样的同位语从句位于句末,后面就不再有其它句子成分,而且翻译的时候需要在名词后添加一个动词,或者将该抽象名词转译成动词。如:There are signs that restaurants are becoming more popular with families.

【参考译文】有迹象表明,餐馆越来越受到家庭的青睐。(这里就在“迹象”一词后添加了“表明”,来顺接同位语从句的内容,是什么迹象。)

虽然有突破口、也有规律可循,但这并不意味着我们可以一劳永逸、高枕无忧,要知道,想要精通世界上任何一门语言,除非有天生的语言天分,否则偷不得半分懒,只能勤勤恳恳反复练习。一遍不懂读两遍,默念不行就大声念出来,遇到不认识的单词就查,不懂的句子就静下心来拆分结构。总之,读书百遍、其义自现,英语学习之路上没有笨蛋,只有懒人。综上就是小编给大家提供的高分技巧,技巧就是牢固的知识点和强悍的答题思路,预祝所有考生2016考研有个好成绩。

凯程教育:

凯程考研成立于2005年,国内首家全日制集训机构考研,一直从事高端全日制辅导,由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成,为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。

凯程考研的宗旨:让学习成为一种习惯;

凯程考研的价值观口号:凯旋归来,前程万里;

信念:让每个学员都有好最好的归宿;

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激情:永不言弃,乐观向上;

敬业:以专业的态度做非凡的事业;

服务:以学员的前途为已任,为学员提供高效、专业的服务,团队合作,为学员服务,为学员引路。

如何选择考研辅导班:

在考研准备的过程中,会遇到不少困难,尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说,通过报辅导班来弥补自己复习的不足,可以大大提高复习效率,节省复习时间,大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班,或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。

师资力量:师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素,考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价,询问往届学长然后选择。判断师资力量关键在于综合实力,因为任何一门课程,都不是由一、两个教师包到底的,是一批教师配合的结果。还要深入了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。凯程考研名师云集,李海洋、张鑫教授、方浩教授、卢营教授、孙浩教授等一大批名师在凯程授课。而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课,对知识点把握和命题方向,欠缺火候。

对该专业有辅导历史:必须对该专业深刻理解,才能深入辅导学员考取该校。在考研辅导班中,从来见过如此辉煌的成绩:凯程教育拿下2015五道口金融学院状元,考取五道口15人,清华经管金融硕士10人,人大金融硕士15个,中财和贸大金融硕士合计20人,北师大教育学7人,会计硕士保录班考取30人,翻译硕士接近20人,中传状元王园璐、郑家威都是来自凯程,法学方面,凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元,更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。在凯程官方网站的光荣榜,成功学员经验谈视频特别多,都是凯程战绩的最好证明。对于如此高的成绩,凯程集训营班主任邢老师说,凯程如此优异的成绩,是与我们凯程严格的管理,全方位的辅导是分不开的,很多学生本科都不是名校,某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校,还有很多是工作了多年才回来考的,大多数是跨专业考研,他们的难度大,竞争激烈,没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习,是很难达到优异的成绩。最好的办法是直接和凯程老师详细沟通一下就清楚了。

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有没有实体学校校区:有些机构比较小,就是一个在写字楼里上课,自习,这种环境是不太好的,一个优秀的机构必须是在教学环境,大学校园这样环境。凯程有自己的学习校区,有吃住学一体化教学环境,独立卫浴、空调、暖气齐全,这也是一个考研机构实力的体现。此外,最好还要看一下他们的营业执照。

同位语从句与定语从句的区别(很经典的区别,有配套练习与答案)

同位语从句与定语从句的区别(配练习与答案) 一、复习定语从句 1.定义:该句子在复合句中作定语,像形容词一样起修饰作用。 2.特点:1)用陈述句语序。2) 去掉从句主句仍是一个完整的句子。 3.位置:位于所修饰的名词之后,该名词叫做先行词。 4.引导词:1)关系代词: a) 在从句中可做主语,宾语,定语。 b) 分为:先行词为人:who(主,宾),whom(宾),whose(定), that(主,宾) 先行词为物:which(主,宾), that(主,宾),whose(定) eg:The lady who is standing behind Tom is my sister. This is the book which I bought yesterday. c) 关系代词在从句中作宾语常常省略。 2)关系副词:a)在从句中作状语。 b)分为:when , where, why eg:He came last night when I was out. 新内容: 1.词类:同从的名词只能是抽象名词;定从可是名词也可是代词 I can’t stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly. His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 2.性质:同从对前面的抽象名词进一步解释说明;定从对先行词进行修饰和限制。 The news that our team has won the game was true. The news that he told me yesterday was true.

考研英语一翻译真题解析

2017考研英语一翻译真题解析 跨考教育英语教研室—王坤2017年考研英语一的翻译题型部分,整体来说难度不大,与2016年难度基本持平,考察的是英语语言发展情况,文章选自英国文化教育协会的一本书,叫《英语下一步》。英语一的考题是此书的序言部分。下面就是跨考英语教研室的英语老师对2017年考研英语一翻译真题的最新解析和参考译文。 (46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future. 参考译文:但是,尽管使用英语者的人数在不断增加/说英语的人越来越多,却仍然有迹象表明,英语语言的全球主导地位在不久的将来/可预见的未来也许会慢慢衰退。 句子解析:本句很简单,主句是there be 结构,主句前是让步状语,signs 后面是that引导的同位语从句,对signs进行进一步的补充说明。同位语从句中是主谓结构,the global predominance of the language 是主语,may fade 是谓语,within结构是时间状语。expands的词义不应该选择常用的“扩展”意思,而应该结合前面和它搭配的number,而选择“增加”的意思。 (47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.

高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习

高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习 同位语从句讲义及练习 一、理解同位语从句的含义,把握同位语从句的实质 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether,what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导,常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。换言之,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上 为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。 例:The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。 析:they had won the game说明The news的全部内容,因此该句为同位语从句。 二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词,准确把握同位语从句 1.如同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。(即that 不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,不可省略) 例:The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。 析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容,且意义完整,因此应用that引导同位语从句。 2.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"是否"的含义,应用whe】ther 引导同位语从句。(if不能引导同位语从句) 例:We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。 析:the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整,应加"是否"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容,因此应用whether引导同位语从句。 3.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义,应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。 例1:I have no idea when he will be back.

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最新考研英语:翻译定语从句四大译法

考研英语翻译中,定语从句的考查是一个重点和难点,且考查频次也很高。据统计平均每年翻译真题中对定语从句的考查达到2次。所以考生必须要掌握这个句型翻译,下面分享四大翻译法,帮你搞定定语从句! 英语中的定语从句起到了一个修饰的作用,作用相当于形容词,那么定语从句我们也称之为形容词性从句。同时,我们把定语从句分为两类,一是限制性定语从句,一类是非限定性定语从句。那么,什么是限定性定语从句,简单来讲就是对所修饰的先行词的意思加以限制,表示"…的人或是物",例如:He is a man whom you should marry.在这个句子中,如果去掉定语从句whom you should marry.这个句子意思就不完整,甚至可以说是不成立了。 而非限定性定语从句,顾名思义,这类定语从句对于所修饰的事物没有限制意义的作用,而起到一种补充说明和解释的作用,与主句的关系并不密切,拿掉非限定性定语从句,主句意思照样成立。例如:He is my father, who love me deeply.在这个句子中,如果去掉这个"who love me deeply."非限定性定语从句,He is my father,这个主句照样成立,意思也不会受到太大影响。而定语从句种类的不同,我们在翻译的时候采用的翻译方法也不尽相同。 ?前置法 当一个限定性定语从句结构和意义较为简单,或是较为简短时,我们把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带"的"的定语词组,放置于被修饰的词之前,将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句。 Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.(2003) 本句中the environment后面又跟了一个定语从句。大家看下他是什么定语从句,是限定性还是非限定性定语从句。限定性吧!它有什么特点呢,只有三个词,意义和结构都较为简单,因此我们在翻译的时候就要把它放在他所修饰的先行词的前面。 译文:而且,人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境,从而使所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想像。 But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.(1998,71) 这个句子中That existed 15 billion years ago.是一个定语从句,其先行词是the patterns and structures.这个定语从句比较简单,我们可以直接将其翻译他所修饰的先行词的前面。 译文:但更为重要的是,这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象,因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。 ?单独成句 当一个限定性定语从句的结构较为复杂,意义较为繁杂的时候,如果把它翻译在其修饰的先行词的后面的话,会显得定语太过于臃肿和复杂,而无法让评卷老师看的清清楚楚,明明白白。所以这个时候我们要把定语从句单独翻译出来,放置于原来它所修饰的词的后面当定语。同时当定语从句是一个非限定性定语从句的时候,往往也要单独成句。 Tylor defined culture as "...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society." (2003,64) 在这个句子中,whole后面是一个很长的定语从句,无论从结构和意义上看都较为复杂,所以翻译时可以和先行词拆开。 译文:泰勒把文化定义为"一个复合体",它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯。 The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.(2004,61) "which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be."是非限定性定语从句,修饰前面整个句子;在定语从句中long before引导时间状语从句修饰动词短语Take Root,在状语从句中又包含了一个由how引导的宾语从句,作realized的宾语。句中Take root in作"扎根"讲。因此这个非限定性定语从句是较为复杂的,所以我们采用单独成句的翻译方法。 译文:"希腊人认为语言结构与思维过程有着某种关系,这种观点在人们认识到语言的千差万别之前就在欧洲扎了根。" ?融合法 把主句和定语从句融合成一个简单句,定语从句译成谓语。这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句,尤其是"there be"句型中。 There is a girl downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。 There are many people who are interested in the new invention. 很多人对这项发明感兴趣。

同位语从句

同位语从句 一定义及分类 一.连接词分类及用法

四.虚拟语气 【习题精炼】 1.The headmaster made a suggestion that the sports meet until next Sunday.A.Will be put off B.will put off C.put off D.be put off 2.is a fact that English people and American people share a lot of customs.A.There B.This C.That D.that 3.It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey. A.while B.that C.if D.for 4.leaves the room last ought to turn off the 1ights. A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who 5.they are most interested in is they can produce more and better cars.A.That;how B.What;how C.What;that D.That;that 6.I have will be yours sooner or later. A.No matter what B.No matter how C.Whatever D.However 7.Word came I was wanted at the office. A.which B.why C.that D.whether 8.we can’t get seems better th an we have. A.What;what B.What:that C.That;that D.That:what 9.—has made our city Dalian she is today? —It is the Party’s policy that has made it take on a new look. A.What;that B.That;what C.there;so D.That;that 10.It was at the very beginning Mr White made the decision we should send more firefighters there. A.that:that B.when;which C.there;what D.where;what 11. The fact ________ he didn’t see Lao Li yesterday is true. A.which B.that C.when D.what 12. I have no idea ________ he will come back. A.where B.when C.what D.That 13. The dictionary is to a student________ the tool is to a worker. A.which B.that C.what D.whatever Keys:1-5DDBCD 6-10 CCACA 11-13 BBC

(完整版)同位语从句雅思写作和口语翻译练习(含答案)

1.他们应该尝试第二次的想法值得考虑 The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering. 2.她工作很努力的事实我们都知道 The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. 3.他们表达了他们将会再次来拜访中国的希望 They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. 4.我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人兴奋。 The news that our team has won the final match is exciting. 5.学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。 The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 6.爸爸许下了我通过英语考试就给我买CD player的承诺 My Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. 7.你是从那里得到我不会来的想法? Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 8.我们还没有解决我们要去哪里度过暑假的问题. We haven’t settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 9.他表示希望再到中国来访问。 He expressed the hope that he would ome over to visit China again. 10.作为一个孝顺的儿子,我接受了父亲的决定,要当医生,虽然我对这样的 前途毫无兴趣 An obedient son, I had accepted my father’s decision that I was to be a doctor, though the prospect interested me not at all. 11.然而,从一开始,我仍活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了。 Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored.

同位语从句雅思写作和口语翻译练习(含答案)

The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering. The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. The news that our team has won the final match is exciting. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 爸爸许下了我通过英语考试就给我买 CD player 的承诺 My Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. Where did you get the idea that I could not come? We haven 'stettled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. He expressed the hope that he would ome over to visit China again. 10. 作为一个孝顺的儿子,我接受了父亲的决定,要当医生, 前途毫无兴趣 An obedient son, I had accepted my father 'descision that I was to be a doctor, though the prospect interested me not at all. 11. 然而,从一开始,我仍活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了。 Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored. 12. 迟延应由他负责,这个事实是改变不了的。 It does not alter the fact that he is the man res pon sible for the delay. 1. 他们应该尝试第二次的想法值得考虑 2. 她工作很努力的事实我们都知道 3. 他们表达了他们将会再次来拜访中国的希望 4. 我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人兴奋。 5. 学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。 6. 7. 你是从那里得到我不会来的想法 ? 8. 我们还没有解决我们要去哪里度过暑假的问题 9. 他表示希望再到中国来访问。 虽然我对这样的

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考研英语定语从句典型例句剖

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考研英语【定语从句】典型例句剖析 1. Activelearning,inwhich studentswriteessays orperform experiments and thenhave their work evaluated by an instructor, is far more beneficialfor those who have not yet fully learnedhow to learn. 【参考译文】积极的学习,即学生们写文章或做实验,然后让一位老师评估他们的作业,对那些还没有完全学会如何学习的学生来说要更为有益得多。 【结构分析】该句可分为两大部分:Activelearning, (in whichstudents write essays or perform experimentsandthen have their work evaluated by an instructor,)isfar morebeneficialforthose whohave notyet fullylearned how tolearn.括号外的内容是主句,括号里的内容是介词+which模式的定语从句;主句的主语是Activelearning,谓语是is,表语是beneficial,far more 是状语,其中far是程度副词,相当于much,for those是状语,其后who引导的定语从句中,主语是who,谓体是have notyet fully learned,宾语结构是howto learn。括号内的定语从句修饰前面的Activelearning,由三部分构成,即or…and连接的三个并列句,第一个并列句的主语是students,谓语是write,宾语是essays,第二个并列句的谓语是perform,宾语是experiments,第三个并列句的谓语是have...evaluated,宾语是wor k,byan instructor是状语结构。 【知识链接】active积极的;essay文章;perform an experiment做实验;evalua te评估instructor指导者,老师;be beneficialfor...对……有益。 2. The American version of the"idealindividual" prefersan atmosphere of f reedom, whereneither the government nor any other externalforce orag encydictateswhatthe individual does. 【参考译文】美国版的“理想个人”更喜欢一种自由的氛围,在这种氛围中政府或者任何别的外部力量都不会强行规定个人该做什么。 【结构分析】该句可分为两大部分:(The Americanversionof the"ideal indiv idual"prefers an atmosphere of freedom,)(whereneither the government norany other external force or agency dictateswhat the individualdoes.),第一部分是主句,第二部分是以where引导的非限定定语从句,修饰前面的atmosphere;主句的主语是The American version,谓语是prefers,宾语是an atmosphere,of the“idealindividual”作version的后定语,of freedom作atmosphere的后定语;第二部分的主语是由 neither...nor…or...连接的并列名词短语,谓语是dictates,宾语是what引导的从句。【知识链接】version版本;ideal理想的;prefer更喜欢,联想记忆:prefer...to...宁要……而不要……;atmosphere氛围;external外部的,联想记忆:internal内部的;agency 机构;dictate命令,强制规定。 3.Conflict,definedas oppositionamongsocial entitlesdirectedag ainsteach other, isdistinguished from competition, defined as opposition amongsocial entitlesindependently strivingforsomething whichis in inadequatesupply. 【参考译文】冲突不同于竞争,前者指彼此对立的社会群体间的对抗,后者指独自争夺匮乏资源的社会群体间的对抗。 【结构分析】该句可分为三部分:Conflict,(definedasopposition among social entities directed against eachother, )is distinguishedfrom competition,

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同位语从句用法小结 在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。在使用同位语从句时,应注意以下五个方面: 一、常见带有同位语从句的抽象名词 advice,announcement,argument,belief,claim(声明、主张),conclusion,decision,evidence,explanation,fact,feeling,hope,idea,impression,information,knowledge,message,news,opinion,order,probability,promise,proposal,remark,reply,report,saying,statement(声明、陈述),suggestion,thought,warning,wish,word 二、同位语从句连接词的选用 在英语中,引导同位语从句的词通常有连词(that,whether),连接代词(what ,who等)连接副词(how,when,where)。 The question who should do the work requires consideration. I have no idea what he is doing now.。 There was little hope that he would survive. 他幸存的希望很小。 He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there. It's a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题 注:在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接;在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如: There is no doubt that Tom will keep his promise. 三、同位语从句在句中的位置 1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如: The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如: The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.

考研英语从句翻译

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