翻译合同的时候需要注意什么
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翻译合同的时候需要注意什么
国际合作随着社会的发展早就已经变得非常普通了，也变成了人们日常生活之中的必备事情，这时候合同也慢慢走入到了人们的生活之中，合同的出现是为了保障合作者以及消费者之间的合法权益的，因此在翻译合同的时候一定要非常严谨，稍稍一点点不注意，都会导致你的客户出现重大的损失，合同里面的各种小细节都要十分小心，不然发生问题以后就不好解决了，那就让小编给各位新手翻译家们说一下在翻译合同的时候需要注意什么。
一、层次分明
翻译合同的第一个基本要求就是要层次分明。不但翻译工作者们要拥有层次分明的表达习惯，并且还要剧本好的逻辑性，最好是做到无懈可击、思维缜密，不可以发生任何的一个小小的失误以及偏差，更加不可以在合同里面留有一点点小小可供曲解的地方。不然这一点小小的、看起来非常不起眼的瑕疵就会导致你的客户产生很大的经济损失的。
二、翻译水平
翻译水平肯定是每个人在选择合同翻译人员的时候需要特别挑选的地方，建议大家最好是挑选曾经翻译过合同，在这一方面有丰富经验，或者是没有翻译过合同，但是却翻译过合同文件同属行业材料的人，他们肯定要比普通的翻译人员更加熟悉一些事情，所以尽可能找经验丰富的吧，这样才可以确保自己不会处于弱势的地位。
三、格式规范
https://www.360docs.net/doc/1c8335857.html, 翻译合同的时候最基本的一点就是要表达准确，还有一点也是需要特别小心的，那就是格式的规范性，而且合同本身就是特别注重格式的，他们所讲究的事情非常多，在翻译的时候也要注意这些，尤其是调整好原合同和译本合同格式之间的不同，这样才可以证明翻译工作者的实力。
四、逻辑条理性
进行合同翻译的时候不可以随意进行表述，必须要做到规范化以及严谨话，注意逻辑的合理性以及条理性。
五、转换思维模式
两种语言之间本身就有很大的思维模式差异性，尤其是中英文两种语言之间，就是完全相反的，所以在翻译合同的时候必须要注意思维上的不同，用中文的思维方式非常道地的把合同里面的内涵转达出来，不能够照着英语的方法去一个单词一个单词的进行对译，这种照单词面译最后只会让合同变得不伦不类，让人看不懂，而且西方形式的汉译文，也会让中国合同主人看了以后非常的头痛。相反，如果根据中文方式去英文合同，这种汉化形式的英文，也会导致合同的另一方完全理解不了。
所以大家在翻译合同的时候牢记小编提醒大家的话，合同是很大的事情，千万不可以马虎对待，所以宁愿多花一些钱，也要请一个有丰富经验的翻译人员，这样才不会给自己造成重大的损失。
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完整版合同翻译练习及其答案
合同翻译练习词汇与短语 1．by virtue of 2. take effect 3. in quadruplicate 4. enter into contract 5. at the close of the fiscal year 6. in witness whereof 7. interested party 8. limitation of liability 9. hereinafter to be referred as 10. null and void 11. 水准基点 12. 提单 13. 由（甲方和乙方） 14. 裁决委员会 15. 不符 16. 履约证明 17. 有损于，对…不利 18. 优惠期限 19. （资产）清算 20. 法定义务
句子与段落 1. Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONL Y). 2. This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under mentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below. 3. This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder. 4. The contract is made out in English and Chinese languages in quadruplicate, both texts being equally authentic, and each Party shall hold two copies of each text. 5. After arrival of the goods at the port of destination, the Buyer shall apply to China Commodity Inspection Bureau (hereinafter referred to as CCIB) for a further inspection as to the specifications and quantity/weight of the goods. 6. Unless otherwise stipulated in the credit, the expression “ Shipment u”sed in stipulating an earliest and/or a latest shipment date will be understood to include the expression “loadingon board ”, “ dispatch ” and “ taking in charge ”. 7. Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at import port. 8. The contract is made out in Chinese and English, both version being equally authentic, by and between _____ as the Seller and ____ as the Buyer whereby the Seller agrees to sell and the Buyer agrees to buy the undermentioned goods subject to the following terms and conditions. 9. The date of Bill of Lading shall be taken as the conclusive proof of the date of shipment, six (6) days grace shall be allowed for shipment earlier or later than the time agreed upon by the Parties. In the event of the goods for one order being shipped in more than one lot, each lot shall be deemed to be a separate sale on Contract. 10.Should either of the parties to the contract be prevented from executing the contract by force majeure, such as earthquake, typhoon, flood, fire, war or other unforeseen events, and their occurrence and consequences are unpreventable and unavoidable, the prevented party shall notify the other party by telegram without any delay, and within 15 days thereafter provide detailed information of the events and a valid document for evidence issued by the relevant public notary organization explaining the reason of its inability to execute or delay the execution of all or part of the contract. 11. The Customer and NEXPRESS each agree and undertake that during the Term and Thereafter it will keep confidential and will not use for its own purposes or without the prior written consent of the other party disclose to any third party any part or all information concerning the terms of this Agreement unless such information is in the public domain other than as a result of a breach of this clause． 12. 合同允许___ % 的溢短差额。
英语合同的特点和翻译
编号：_______________本资料为word版本，可以直接编辑和打印，感谢您的下载 英语合同的特点和翻译 甲方：___________________ 乙方：___________________ 日期：___________________
一.用词特点与翻译要点 合同英语的用词极其考究，具有特定性1.要求选词专业化（professional）,正式（formal）. 准确（accurate）.具体体现在下列方面： 1, may, shall, must, may not （或shall not）的使用 may旨在约定当事人的权利（可以做什么），shall约定当事人的义务（应当做什么时候）， must用于强制性义务（必须做什么），may not（或shall not）用于禁止性义务（不得做什么）。May not do在美国一些法律文件可以用shall not,但绝不能用can not do或must not，但 may do不能。 2, 用语正式（formal） 合同英语有着严肃的风格，如"因为"的短语多用" by virtue of ",远远多于"due to" 一般不用a because of;" 财务年度末 "一般用"at the close of the fiscal year",而不用"in the end of the fiscal year";"在之前"一 般用 ................... "prior to ",而不用"before"; 关于 "常用" as regards’, concerning '或"relating to ",而不会用"about";"事实上" 用"in effect",而不用"in fact":"开始" 用 "commencement",而不用"start"或"begin";"停止做" 用"cease to do",而不用"stop to do";何时开会并由某 某主持"的表述为：The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb. 其中"召开" 不用"hold 或call",而用"convene";"主持’不用"chair" 或"be in charge of "而用"preside";"其他事项" 用"miscellaneous",而不用"other matters/events"; 理解合同"用"construe a contract"或"comprehend a contract"或"comprehend a contract",而不用"understand a contract";"认为"用"deem",用"consider"少，不用”think”或"believe". 3, 用词专业（technical） 合同用词不以大众是否理解和接受为转移，它是合同语言准确表达的保障。如合同出现的” 瑕疵”，”救济“，“不可抗力”，“管辖”，“毁损”，“失业”等就可能让非行业人士费 解，在英语以上表达分另U为defect ,remedy, force 马绝热，jurisdiction , damage and/or loss。 另夕卜几乎每个合同者E 少不了hereinafter referred to as, whereas, in witness whereof, for and on behalf of, hereby,用"compensation"; 不动产转让 " 用"conveyance",而不用"transfer of real estate";"房屋出租"用"tendency",而"财产出租"用"lease of property";"停止"用"wind up a business" 或"cease （名词是cessation） a business,而不用"end/stop a business"; 依照合同相关规定“或一般说"pursuant to provisions contained herein"或"as provided herein" 等，不说'according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract ”。 4, 同义词，近义词，相关词的并列使用 英文合同出于严谨和杜绝漏洞的考虑，made and entered into", by and between", for and in consideration of", covenants and agreements", 6n the terms and subject to the conditions" terms and conditions" "release and discharge' 5, 古英语与外来词的应用（borrowing words） 使用古英语最为突出的是较多使用here, there, where加后缀in, by after, from 等介词构成的 词。在法律文件中用这些词，可以避免重复，避免歧义，使行文准确，简洁。常用例词 如下: hereafter, hereby, herein, hereof, hereto, hereunder, hereupon, herewith, hereinbefore, hereinafter, thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith, whereas, whereby, wherein, whereof, whereon, etc. 合同中也会使用一些外来词汇，常用的有拉丁语和法语词汇。如比例税率：用pro rate tax rate要比proportional tax rate多；从事慈善性服务的律师：pro bono lawyer,不经常用lawyer engaged in charitable legal assistance, 委托代理人多用agent ad litem
做合同翻译应该注意哪些问题
https://www.360docs.net/doc/1c8335857.html, 做合同翻译应该注意哪些问题 自从2001年中国加入世贸组织以来，我国和世界各个国家的联系就更加亲密了，但是由于各国语言文化的差异，在交往中的一些语言不相通的现象依旧存在。近年来，世界各个国家之间的往来事务的逐渐增多，每份合作都必须要一份合理规范的相关合同，势必就要求翻译者的自身素质更高，那么翻译人员在翻译合同时应该注意哪些问题呢？ 1、必须要做到守口如瓶 每一份合同都密切关系着商家的根本利益，只要有一丁点的疏忽都有可能会给两家公司带来损失，而且其损失不可估计。所以有必要和翻译公司签订一份合同，要求其有关的每位翻译者都要守住自己的底线，遵守道德，能够做到公私分明，一定要保证不会泄露资料中的任何内容，否则将会做出一定的赔偿。 2、在规定的时间内完成工作 一般合同翻译都会有一定的时间限制，到了其规定的时间就必须交稿，要做到诚信做人，答应好的工作就必须按时完成，如果因为合同的缘故，而使得商家不能如约签订合同，就会影响到商家的利益。工作做的好，才能为自己赢得一个好的口碑，为以后自身的发展打好基础。 3、对翻译者自身要求很高 任何一家公司都要把寻找专业性更强的人才这样的工作放在第一位，当给客户找寻找专业的翻译员的时候，首先要做的工作是要了解相关人员的工作能力，不仅要确保这些翻译者可以按时的完成分配给他的工作，不将有关公司的秘密说出去，而且还要保证
https://www.360docs.net/doc/1c8335857.html, 翻译者不能够只依赖于公司，因为在公司的发展前景比较小，个人还应该出去闯一闯，找寻更多的机会来提升自我的发展，这种人才才是翻译行业中所缺乏的精英。 4、需要自己拟定一份精确的有关费用的核算方法 因为合同里内容的翻译肯定都会有不同国家语言的收费标准有关，在确保双方的服务工作开始之前，需要明确收费的具体统计，只有这样，才能够使得工作双方得到最大的利益。中国人都会说提钱伤感情，但每个人都应该现实一点，哪有没有钱的交易，双方的工作并不是免费的。劳务关系都是有偿的，所以谈钱并不可耻。 5、签订合同时候要了解条款 在合同签订时要事先了解有关的条款，务必要使双方达成一定的共识，在正式签订合同的时候同时交给当事人，一定要保证其合法性，从而促进双方履行其应该履行的义务。 其实，合同翻译这一项工作并不好做，但是世上无难事只怕有心人，如果有想从事翻译这一行业的工作的话，因为翻译工作涉及的范围非常广，所以就必须要努力学习其专业知识，勤奋练习并且积累各方面的知识，早作准备，从多个方面不断的提升自己，为以后的工作打下一个坚实的基础。 文章来源：https://www.360docs.net/doc/1c8335857.html,
常见英文合同翻译与详解
常见英文合同翻译与详解
引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。 合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。 一.hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹 用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。 语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语. 例1： The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and co mpletion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other s um as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manne r prescribed by the Contract. 参考译文: 业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。 注释: (1)hereby: by reason of this 特此 (2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同 (3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工 (4)therein: in the Works在本工程中 (5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价 (6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which (7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照 (8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款 例2： We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correc t and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provi de documentary proof upon your request. 注释： （1）hereby：特此 （2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知 （3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明 （4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中 （5）documentary proof：证明文件 参考译文： 特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，
中英文对照版合同翻译样本
1.Sales Agreement The agreement, (is) made in Beijing this eighth day of August 1993 by ABC Trading Co., Ltd., a Chinese Corporation having its registered office at Beijing, the People’ Repubic of China (hereinafter called “Seller”) and International Tradi ng Co., Ltd., a New York Corporation having its registered office at New York, N.Y., U.S.A. (hereinafter called “Buyer”). 2.WITNESSETH WHEREAS, Seller is engaged in dealing of (product) and desires to sell (product)to Buyer, and WHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase(product) from Sellers, Now, THEREFORE, it is agreed as follows: 3.Export Contract This Contract is entered into this 5th day of August 1993 between ABC and Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Seller”) who agrees to sell, and XYZ Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Buyer”) who agrees to buy the following goods on the following terms and condition. 4.Non-Governmental Trading Agreement No. ＿＿This Agreement was made on the＿day of＿19＿, BETWEEN ＿ (hereinafter referred to as the Seller) as the one Side and ＿ (hereinafter referred to as the Buyer) as the one other Side. WHEREAS, the Seller has agreed to sell and the buyer has agreed to buy ＿ (hereinafter referred to as the Goods ) the quantity, specification, and price of which are provided in Schedule A. IT IS HEREBY AGREED AS FOLLOWS: 5.Contract For Joint-Operation Enterprise ＿＿ COMPANY LTD., a company duly organized under the Law of ＿＿ and having its registered office at (hereinafter called “Party A”) AND ＿＿ COMPANY LTD., a company duly organized under the Law of ＿＿ and having its registere d office at (hereinafter called “Party B”) Party A and Party B (hereinafter referred to as the “Parties”) agree to jointly form a Co-operation Venture Company (hereinafter referred to as the “CVC”) in accordance with “the Laws of the People’s Republic of C hina on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign Investment” and the “Regulations for the Implementation of the Laws of the People’s Republic of China on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign Investment” and other applicable laws and regulations. 6.MODEL CONTRACT Contract No. Date: Seller: Signed at: Address: Cable Address: Buyer: Address: Cable Address: The Seller and the Buyer have agreed to conclude the following transactions according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: https://www.360docs.net/doc/1c8335857.html, of Commodity: 2.Specifications: 3.Quantity: 4.Unit Price: 5.Total Price: U.S.$: 6.Packing: 7.Time of Shipment: days after receipt of L/C. 8.Loading Port & Destination Port: From via to . 9.Insurance:
(完整版)合同翻译练习及其答案
合同翻译练习 词汇与短语 1．by virtue of 2. take effect 3. in quadruplicate 4. enter into contract 5. at the close of the fiscal year 6. in witness whereof 7. interested party 8. limitation of liability 9. hereinafter to be referred as 10. null and void 11. 水准基点 12. 提单 13. 由（甲方和乙方） 14. 裁决委员会 15. 不符 16. 履约证明 17. 有损于，对…不利 18. 优惠期限 19. （资产）清算 20. 法定义务
句子与段落 1. Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONL Y). 2. This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under mentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below. 3. This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder. 4. The contract is made out in English and Chinese languages in quadruplicate, both texts being equally authentic, and each Party shall hold two copies of each text. 5. After arrival of the goods at the port of destination, the Buyer shall apply to China Commodity Inspection Bureau (hereinafter referred to as CCIB) for a further inspection as to the specifications and quantity/weight of the goods. 6. Unless otherwise stipulated in the credit, the expression “Shipment” used in stipulating an earliest and/or a latest shipment date will be understood to include the expression “loading on board”, “dispatch” and “taking in charge”. 7. Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at import port. 8. The contract is made out in Chinese and English, both version being equally authentic, by and between ______ as the Seller and ______ as the Buyer whereby the Seller agrees to sell and the Buyer agrees to buy the undermentioned goods subject to the following terms and conditions. 9. The date of Bill of Lading shall be taken as the conclusive proof of the date of shipment, six (6) days grace shall be allowed for shipment earlier or later than the time agreed upon by the Parties. In the event of the goods for one order being shipped in more than one lot, each lot shall be deemed to be a separate sale on Contract. 10.Should either of the parties to the contract be prevented from executing the contract by force majeure, such as earthquake, typhoon, flood, fire, war or other unforeseen events, and their occurrence and consequences are unpreventable and unavoidable, the prevented party shall notify the other party by telegram without any delay, and within 15 days thereafter provide detailed information of the events and a valid document for evidence issued by the relevant public notary organization explaining the reason of its inability to execute or delay the execution of all or part of the contract. 11. The Customer and NEXPRESS each agree and undertake that during the Term and Thereafter it will keep confidential and will not use for its own purposes or without the prior written consent of the other party disclose to any third party any part or all information concerning the terms of this Agreement unless such information is in the public domain other than as a result of a breach of this clause．
商务英文合同的词汇特征及其翻译
【摘要】商务合同是商业法人之间为实现一定的经济目的、明确相互权利义务的一种文体。商务合同英语属半法律性语言，用词准确、正式、严谨，具有鲜明文体意义。本文基于典型实例分析，探讨了商务英文合同的词汇特征及翻译方法。 【关键词】商务英文合同词汇特征翻译 商务合同是商品经济的产物，它随着商品经济的产生而产生，也随着商品经济的发展而发展，是商品交换关系在法律上的体现，受到国家法律的承认和保护。在世界经济全球化和一体化的今天，国际商务活动日益频繁，贸易国法人之间为实现一定的经济利益而签订的明确规定了贸易双方的权利和义务，具有法律效力的文件——国际商务合同的重要性也越来越突出。商务合同英语既具有商务英语的特点，同时也具有法律英语的特点。本文拟从庄重正式、准确严谨和简洁明了三个角度阐述分析商务英文合同的词汇特征及其翻译方法。 一、庄重正式 Martin Joos按照语言使用的正式程度提出了英语的五种变体，即庄重文体(frozen style)，正式文体(formal style)，商议文体（consultative style），随便文体(casual style)和亲密文体(intimate style)。一般认为商务合同英语属庄重文体，即五种变体英语中正式程度最高的一种。商务英文合同的庄重正式的词汇特征体现在专业术语和外来词古体词的使用上。 1.商务专业术语 专业术语(technical term留学生论文网https://www.360docs.net/doc/1c8335857.html, s)具有鲜明的文体特色。其意义精确、单一、无歧义，且不带有个人感情色彩。为了准确描述商务活动中的各个交易环节以及与此相关的各类单据，商务合同英语文体中使用了大量表意清楚的商务专业术语。例如，policy（保险单），negotiable（可转让的），liability（责任、义务），right of recourse （追索权），factoring（保理）等。这些专业术语可避免冗长的解释，简化交易过程，提高工作效率。 2.法律专业术语 为了准确描述商务活动中交易双方各自的权利与义务，商务合同英语中也使用了较多的法律专业的术语。狭义的法律术语指仅出现在或大多数情况下出现在法律文件中的法律科学的特有术语，此意义上的法律术语在商务合同文体中的数量不多，如：imputed negligence (转嫁的过失责任)特指可向与行为人有利害关系的人或有合同关系的另一方追究责任的过失。商务合同中这类狭义的法律专业术语不以大众是否理解或接受为转移，它是商务合同语言准确表达的保障，是其独有的现象。而广义的法律术语则包括在法律文体中被赋予特定法律意义的常用词语，如action(诉讼)，party(当事人)，financial responsibility(经济责任，指违约责任，具体可指“赔偿损失”、“支付违约金”和“支付迟延支付金额的利息”)。这类词语把握不准确的话很容易导致翻译和理解当中的模糊性，因此要格外留意。如，“The contract is concluded in case of acceptance of the offer.”很容易译为“提议一旦接受，合同随即订立。”而实际上，“acceptance”与“offer”是合同法中两个重要的法律术语，其规范的译文分别为“承诺”、“要约”，前者是指受要约人对要约内容表同意，而后者则指一方希望与另一方订立合同。 3.外来词和古体词 商务合同英语中使用的商务类专业术语有不少源于拉丁语或法语，有些则是由其词根派生或合成，许多术语都有相同的前缀或后缀。它们的意义比较稳定，利于精确地表达概念，例如：ad valorem duty (拉丁语)从价(关)税，bona fide holder (拉丁语)汇票的善意持票人，pro rata tax rate比例税率(拉丁语，即proportional tax rate)，insurance premium per capita (拉丁语)人均保险费，force majeure(法语)不可抗力，pro forma (拉丁语)估算表。
商务合同英文翻译注意事项(实例讲解)
商务合同英译的注意事项(实例版) 前言 英译商务合同貌似简单，实则不然。商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体，重在记实，用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。 本文拟运用翻译教学中所积累的英译商务合同的实例，从三个方面论述如何从大处着眼、小处着手、力求准确严谨英译商务合同。 一、酌情使用公文语惯用副词 商务合同属于法律性公文，所以英译时，有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词，就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现，这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替，从而影响到译文的质量。 实际上，这种公文语惯用副同为数并不多，而已构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由here、there、where等副词分别加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with等副词，构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如：从此以后、今后：hereafter；此后、以后：thereafter；在其上：thereonthereupon；在其下：thereunder；对于这个：hereto；对于那个：whereto；在上文：hereinabovehereinbefore；在下文：hereinafterhereinbelow；在上文中、在上一部分中：thereinbefore；在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter．现用两个实例，说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。 例1：本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。 This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder. 例2：下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。 The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in China. 二、谨慎选用极易混淆的词语 英译商务合同时，常常由于选同不当而寻致词不达意或者意思模棱两可，有时甚至表达的是完全不同的含义。因此了解与掌握极易混淆的词语的区别是极为重要的，是提高英译质量的关键因素之一，现把常用且易混淆的七对词语，用典型实例论述如下。 2.1 shipping advice与shipping instruction sshipping advice是“装运通知”，是由出口商(卖主)发给进口商(买主)的。然而shipping instructions则是“装运须知”，是进口商(买主)发给出口商(卖主)的。另外要注意区分 vendor(卖主)与vendee(买主)，consignor(发货人)与consignee(收货人)。上述这三对词语在英译时、极易发生笔误。 2.2abide by与comply with
第五周 合同翻译 答案
第五周额外作业：外贸合同常用条款 1. Terms of Payment:付款方式： (1) Letter of Credit: The Buyer shall, _______ days prior to the time of shipment/after this Contract comes into effect, open an irrevocable Letter of Credit in favor of the Seller. The Letter Of Credit shall expire ________ days after the completion of loading of the shipment as stipulated. 参考译文（1）信用证方式：买方应该在装运期前/ 合同生效后___ 日，开出以卖方为受益人的不可撤销信用证。信用证在按照合同装船完毕后___日内到期。 Copying structure: 买方应与____日前向装运时间/合同生效后，开出。。。。（语句不通，没有检查） 用词谨慎：（1）买方应该在装运期前（合同生效后）___ 日，括号不表示或者的关系，而是补充说明的关系，而装运期前不等于合同生效后；（2）买方、卖方混淆；（3）开具不可撤销信用证给卖方，勉强可以，但是出于慎重，还是要说明受益人，因为原文有强调 信用证到期后的xx天完成装船-错误；in favor of…按买方偏好，为了卖方利益-错误（普通词汇的专业意义） 卸货：unloading/ landing/ discharging of the shipment irrevocable Letter of Credit 不可撤销信用证 开证银行开具的信用证可以是： 公开议付，即欢迎任何银行予以议付: 限定议付，即只限定指名由某一银行议付； 不许议付，即不许任何银行予以议付，只许由付款银行付款取单而且付款银行直接付款的对象仅限受益人。 议付信用证negotiation credit/ negotiation L/C ：指受益人可以自由选择到那家银行兑付(2) Cash on delivery (COD): The Buyer shall pay to the Seller total amount within_______ days after the receipt of the goods. 参考译文（2）货到付款方式（COD）：买方应在收到货物后______天内将全部货款支付给卖方。 货银对付DVP：delivery versus payment, 证券交易结算时证券产品与资金同时完成交收。（常用与证券交易中） 表达不准确：买方应在。。。支付给卖方所有的金额/ 付全额给卖方/ 将全额支付给卖方/ 所有贷款 不认真-COD：化学需氧量！！！！！