2015年职称英语考试：综合类补全短文文章及译文
Virtual Driver
Driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears，analyzing with a brain，and coordination between hands,feet and brain.A man has sharp eyes and keen ears,analyzes through his brain,and maintains coordination between his hands and brains.He can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body.(1) Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab,but there is in fact a virtual driver1.This virtual driver has eyes, brains,hands and feet too.The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right.If you open the boot,you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system：a built-in computer.(2)The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at2，analyzing their position on the road，choosing the right path，and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.
In comparison with the human brain,the virtual driver's best advantage is that it reacts quickly.(3)However,it takes the world's best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesn't include the time he needs to take action.
With its rapid reaction and accurate control，the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. In this case,is it possible for us to let it have the wheel3 at ahy time and in any place?(4)With its limited ability to recognize things,the car can now only travel on expressways.
The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes.(5)This being the case4, people still have high hopes about driverless cars，and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like.
词汇：
virtual虚拟的built-in嵌入的
coordination协调，配合racecar n.赛车
cab驾驶室expressway高速公路
minicamera n.小型照相机driverless无驾驶员的
boot.(车身后部的)行李箱
注释：
1.virtual driver：虚拟驾驶员
2.The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at...车的大脑负责计算汽车周围物体移动的速度。The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at=The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds at which objects surrounding the car are moving.
3.have the wheel：驾细汽车
4.This being the case：虽然情况是这样。This being the case 是独立主格结构。
5....highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like.未来的、汽车就应该是高度智能化的汽车。
练习：
A Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.
B In the near future，intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation.
C This is the brain of the car.
D But how does an intelligent car control itself?
E It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within100milliseconds.
F However,it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them.
答案与题解：
1.D“空1”前面三个句子讲的是真人驾驶员驾驶汽车时脑、眼、耳、手、脚并用，而且要协调配合。“空1”之后话题转入虚拟驾驶员。“空1”之后的第一句“Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab...”似乎来得有些突然，与前面句子接得很生硬。所以，中间应该有个过渡句。选项D就是连接上下文的过渡句。
2.C“空2”前面一句意思是，如果你打开车身后部的行李箱，你就能看到自动驾驶系统中最重要的部件，嵌入式计算机。“空2”后的句子中的the brain of the car自然是指前句的built-in computer,但接得太突然。选项C"This is the brain of the car.”就把前后句子联系起来了。this指代上一句的built-in comupter。后面句子的the brain of the car是重复选项C中的the brain of the car,显得很自然。所以，C是答案。
3.E“空3”前面一句意思是，虚拟驾驶员最大的优点是反应快。“空3”后面一句意思是，最好的赛车手至少要1秒钟才能作出反
应。“至少要1秒钟”已经暗示，虚拟驾驶员反应速度要比真人驾驶员快。选项E说，虚拟驾驶员只需100毫秒就能作出反应。选项E使上下文的意思完整，因此是答案。
4.A“空4”前面是一个问句，B卩“在这种情况下，是不是可以不分时间、不分地点都让虚拟驾驶员驾驶汽车?”“空4”的句子应该回答这个问题：“让还是不让?”选项A回答了这个问题，因此是答案。
5.F“空5”前面一句意,思是，“The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes.”(智倉旨、汽车按清晰标出的车道线决定自己的行车方向，靠车辆的常规形状识别其他〒辆。)选项F的内容正好相反。上一句说"recognizes”，还有"mark the lanes clearly"，而F说“cannot recognize"，又说“no clear markings”。从意思表达和词汇重复上，都能判断出，F的句子应该出现在“空5”的位置上。
译文：虚拟驾驶员
驾驶需要敏锐的视觉与听觉，大脑分析，手、脚和大脑的协调配合。人具有敏锐的视觉与听觉能力，能用大脑进行分析，保持手和大脑的配合。人能用身体不伺部位来操控一辆快速行驶的汽车，但是智能化的汽车怎样自动驾驶呢?显然驾驶室里无人驾驶，但事实上的
确存在一个虚拟驾驶员，它有眼睛、大脑和手、脚。汽车两边的小型照相机就是它的眼睛，负责观察前方的路况信息和左右两侧的交通状况。如果你打开车身后部的行李箱，你就会看到自动驾驶系统中最重要的部件：嵌入式计算机。它是汽车的大脑，这个大脑负责计算汽车周围物体移动的速度，分析它在路上的位置，选择正确的道路，并对方向盘和操控系统下达指令。
与人脑相比，虚拟驾驶员最大的优点是反应快。对照相机发送的图像，能在100毫秒内完成对其的分析处理。可是世界上最好的赛车手至少要1秒钟内才能做出反应，并且这个时间还不包括他采取应对措施的时间。
由于虚拟驾驶员反应迅速，操控准确，它能大量减少高速公路的事故率。在这种情况下，是不是可以不分时间、不分地点都让虚拟驾驶员驾驶汽车?专家们认为目前尚不可以。由于虚拟驾驶员识别物体的能力有限，目前这种智能化汽车只可以在高速公路上行驶。
智能汽车按清晰标出的车道线决定自己的行车方向，靠车辆的常规形状识别其他车辆。然而,它却不能识别在普通道路上行驶的没有清晰标记的自行车和行人。虽然情况是这样，人们始终认为未来的汽车就应该是高度智能化的汽车。
Obesity Causes Global Warming
The list of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing：Last week，obese people were accused of causing global warming.
This conclusion comes from Sheldon Jacobson of the University of Illinois，US，and a doctoral student,Laura McLay. Their study calculates how much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americans around.The answer,they say,is a billion gallons of gas per year.(1)
There has been calls for taxes on junk food2in recent years.
(2)"We tax cigarettes partly because of their health cost"，Schmidt said.“Similarly，leading a lazy lifestyle will end up costing taxpayers more.”
US political scientist Eric Oliver said his first instinct was to laugh at these gas and fast food arguments.But such claims are getting attention.
At the US Obesity Society's annual meeting,one person correlated obesity with car accident deaths,and another correlated obesity with suicides.(3)"The funny thing was that everyone took it seriously.”Oliver said.
In a1960s study,children were shown drawings of children with disabilities and without them,and a drawing of an obese child.They were asked which they would want for a friend?(4) Three researchers recently repeated the study using college students.Once again,almost no one,not even obese people,liked the obese person.“Obesity was stigmatized." the researchers said.
But,researchers say,getting thin is not like quitting smoking.People struggle to stop smoking,and,in the end,many succeed.Obesity is different.But,not because obese people don't care.(5)Genes also play a part.
词汇：
obese肥胖的haul运输
correlate与……相联系stigma坏名声
stigmatize侮辱
注释：
1.carbon dioxide：二氧化碳
2.junk food:垃圾食品
3.cause-and-effect relationship：因果关系
练习：
A A meager diet may keep you thin.
B It means an extra11million tons of carbon dioxide.
C The obese child was picked last.
D US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food delivered to people's cars.
E Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight.
F No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship.
答案与题解：
1.B第二段讲到Sheldon Jacobson和Laura McLay在一项研究中计算了运送美国胖子一年需要多消耗10亿加仑的汽油。从所给的这些句子来看，只有B是连贯的。B句为Jtmeaiis an extra11million tons of carbon dioxide.这意味着多放出1100万吨二氧化碳。
2.D第三段的第一个句子，即空格前的句子，讲的是：近些年，不断有人提出要给垃圾食品征税。这是个主题句，那么后面的句子讲得应该更具体一点。D说得更具体，是这么说的:US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food delivered to people's cars.美国经济学家Martin Schmidt建议对送到车上的快餐要征税。另外，从主题的发展来看，也只有这个句子最合适o
3.F口第‘段开始时说到，在美国肥胖协会的年会上，有人把车祸造成的死亡跟肥胖联系了起来，也有人把自杀跟肥胖联系了起来。从剩下的句子来看，只有填入F是连贯的。F说的是：No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship.没有人问一问它们之间是否真正存在因果关系。
4.C第六段主要是讲一个试验，先让儿童看一组画，画里有正常的儿童和残疾的儿童，还有一个小胖子，而后问他们愿意和哪个小孩做朋友。C是对这个问题合适的回答。
5.E最后一段讲的是减肥跟戒烟不一样，在一定程度上受到基因的控制(最后一个句子)，因此很难。所以只有E是合适的。E是这么说的;Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight.科学已经表明，胖子自己几乎是无法控制体重的。
译文：肥胖导致全球变暖
归咎于肥胖者的错误清单变得越来越长：上周，肥胖者们被职责导致了全球变暖。
这项结论来自于美国伊利诺伊大学的Sheldon Jacobson以及博士生Laura McLay。他们的研究计算了运送美国胖子需要多消耗多少汽油。据他们称，答案是，每年需要多消耗10亿加仑。这意味着多放出1100万吨二氧化碳。
这些年，不断有人提出要对垃圾食品征税。而美国经济学家Martin Schmidt建议对送到车上的快餐要征税。“我们对香烟征税一部分是因为人们所需要付出的健康代价太高，”Schmidt说，“同样，一种懒散的生活方式应该让纳税人掏出更多的钱。”
美国政治学家Eric Oliver说他本能的第一反应是嘲笑这些有关汽油和食物的言论。但是这些言论却正在获得更多的关注。
在美国肥胖协会的年会上，有人把车祸造成的是iwang跟肥胖联系了起来，另有人则将肥胖和自杀联系了一起。却没有人问一问它们之间是否真正存在因果关系。“而更为可笑的是，每个人都是把这样的言论当真。”Oliver说道。
在20世纪60年代，儿童按要求看一组画，一幅画里有正常和残疾的儿童，另一幅画里没有残疾孩子却有一个小胖子，他们被问知愿意和哪个小孩做朋友。小胖子是最后被挑出来做朋友的人选。
最近，这些研究者以大学生为研究对象重复了他们的实验。再一次，没有人，甚至是胖人自己，喜欢肥胖的人。“肥胖受到了鄙视。”研究者这样说道。
但是，研究者称，变苗条不像戒烟。许多力图戒烟的人最终都成功了。可肥胖却不同。这不是肥胖者们不够在意，科学已经表明，胖子自己几乎是无法控制体重的。因为基因在起作用。
The Value of Motherhood
In shopping malls，the assistants try to push you into buying“a gift to thank her for her unselfish love”.When you log onto1a website,a small pop-up2invites you to book a bouquet for https://www.360docs.net/doc/138441849.html,mercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May.
(1)The popularity of Mother's Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted.In fact,she got more 一enough to make her horrified.
(2)They buy,among other things,132million cards. Mother's Day isthe No1holiday for flower purchases.Then there are the various commodities，ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder,that take advantage of tlie
promotion opportunities.Because of this,Jarvis spent the last 40years of her life trying to stop Mother's Day.One protest against the commercialization of Mother's Day even got her arrested-for disturbing the peace,interestingly.
(3)As Ralph Fevre,a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian,observe，traditionally"motherhood is something that we do because we think it's right.”But in the logic of commercialism,people need something in exchange for their time and energy.A career serves this purpose better.
(4)So they work hard and play hard.Becoming a mother, however,inevitably handicaps career anticipation.
(5)According to The Guardian,there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago.Or,they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives.
So,Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother's Day needs to be updated："It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people.”
词汇：
motherhood母性website网站
bouquet花束
注释：
1.log onto:登彔到。log onto a website:登录到一个网站
2.pop-up:弹出式菜单。例如：....a small pop-up invites you to book a bouquet for her.—张小的弹出式菜单要你为她订一束花。
练习：
A The American version of Mother's Day was thought up as early as1905，by Anna Jarvis,as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.
B But what's mote，commercialism changes young people's attitude towards motherhood.
C Obviously，the best gift will be a phone call or a visit.
D According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday.
E As a result,motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the1950s.
F In addition,women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire.
答案与题解：
1.A第一段主要讲笼罩着母亲节的商业气氛，如店员让你买一件礼物送给你的母亲，表示你感谢她无私的爱。从语气上可以看出，作者对用商业手段表达母爱是反对的。第二段的第二个句子中有Anna Jarvis这个人的名字。最后一个句子是这么说的：In fact,she got more—enough to make her horrified.事实上，她得到的还要多，多得使她感到可怕。从内容的衔接来看，Anna Jarvis在前面很可能出现过。在所有的选项中只有A出现了这个名字，因此A是对的。
2.D第三段的第二个句子中出现cards(贺卡)这个词。从主题发展来看，前一句中应该出现过这个词，并且内容更概括。唯有D 中出现过这个词并且论述概括，注意：主题句的陈述总是一般的。因此选D。
3.B第三段的主要内容是进一步讲述表现在母亲节中的商业化
以及人们抗议母亲节中的商业化,包括Anna Jarvis个人所做的努
力。从内容上看，第四段是讲由于商业化的影响人们对母性,也即为母之道发生了变化。选项B是合适的，它是该段的主题句。
4.F第五段是对第四段主题的进一步发展，因此用F。
5.E第六段是人们对为母之道的态度的变化的总结，因此用E。
译文：母性的价值
在商场里，售货员极力地向你推销：“为了感谢母亲无私的爱，为她买束鲜花吧!”当你登录到一个网站的时候，一张小的弹出式菜单要你为她订一束花。在这个5月份特别的星期天里，到处洋溢着充满了商业化的热情和感激的气氛。
美国版的母亲节是在20世纪50年代被作为确定母性价值的方式由Anna Jarvis提出的。“母亲节”在全世界的流行表明Jarvis得到了她想要的一切。事实上，她得到的还要多，多得使她感到可怕。
根据美国大片公司Hallmark做的一项调查显示，有96%的消费者庆贺这一节日。在各种商品之中，卡片的销售量达到1.32亿之多。母亲节的鲜花销售量在所有节日当中位居第-一。此外，还有各种各样其他的商品，从珠宝、衣服到化妆品、冼衣粉，都趁此机会提高销售量。因此，Jarvis在她生命的最后40年中一直努力阻止如此庆祝母亲节。然而有趣的是，她在一次抵制母亲节商业化的抗议中，竟然以破坏和平的名义被捕。
进一步讲，商业化改变了年轻人对母亲节的态度。正如英国报纸《守卫者》记者Ralph Fevre评论的一样，传统意义上“选择做母亲是因为我们认为这是正确的”。但从商业逻辑看来，人们需要一些东西来交换为此而付出的时间和精力。一份事业更适合这个目标。
女性被迫追求她们渴望的事业。因此，他们努力地工作，拼命地玩儿。然而成为一个母亲就不可避免地会阻碍事业的发展。
结果，自20世纪50年代以来人们为母之道变化很大。据《守卫者》报道，当今没有孩子的年轻女性是上一代人的两倍。或者她们把做母亲的责任推迟到更晚一些。
于是，Fevre写道，庆祝母亲节的意义需要被更新。“它的意义在于说服人们去相信为人父母是一个崇高的信念，并要尊重有意成为善者的人们。”
The Sandwich Generation
Today people often look forward to their middle age as a time when they will be able to take things easier.After their children are grown,they expect to enjoy the life they have worked hard to create.____(1)____.In middle age,many people discover that they have two ongoing responsibilities1:one is to look after their aging parents,and the other is to help their
young adult children deal with the pressures of life.Around the world,there are millions of people who are “sandwiched”in between the older and the younger generations. Sometimes there may be two or three generations living in the same household—a situation that is common in many Asian countries and in some parts of Europe.In other cases,a couple may be taking care of parents and children,but they do not live with them.
There are two important reasons for the rise of the sandwich generation.First,people are living longer than they used to. In the early nineteenth century,the average life expectancy for adults in the United States，for example，was about40，whereas today people live to an average ageof75.____(2)____. The second reason is that these days,young adults often live with their parents for a longer time than they did in the past. This is often for financial reasons.It’s also more common for today’s young adults to return home during or after college if they need financial or emotional support.2
____(3)____.They may have to cover expenses that their parents cannot.They may have to manage their parents’financial and legal affairs.They may have to prepare for their
parents’future needs,such as special medical care or a move to a nursing home.This can be a traumatic experience for everyone.
Caring for adult children presents challenges as well,and caregivers have to resolve important questions;How can financial responsibilities be shared among members of the household?How can household chores be shared?What is the best way to ensure everyone’s privacy?____(4)____.
The financial and emotional pressures on the sandwich generation can be overwhelming.However,this time in life also has its rewards.____(5)____.It can also provide a valuable opportunity to spend more time with them.However,in order to survive this difficult period in their lives,the members of the sandwich generation must remember that they also need to pay attention to their own needs and look after the quality of their own lives.They can’t be totally selfless.
词汇：
sandwich三明治life expectancy预期寿命
traumatic使人不快的resolve解决
overwhelming令人难以应对的selfless无私的;不考虑自己
的
注释：
1.two ongoing responsibilities意为“同时担负两项责任”。
2.It’s also more common for today’s young adults to return home during or after college if they need financial or emotional support.：现在，年轻人在上大学期间或毕业后还会回家，以寻求经济或情感支持，这种情况也很常见。
3.Successfully coping with these issues can avoid a lot of stress for the whole family.：成功解决这些问题，就可以为整个家庭减轻很大负担。
练习：
A.Successfully coping with these issues can avoid a lot of stress for the whole family.3
B.Therefore,children are taking care of their parents over a longer period of time.
C.People who take care of elderly parents often face difficult issues.
职称英语C级补全短文(-)
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