大肠杆菌病得常用药物
禽大肠杆菌病就是由埃希氏大肠杆菌得某些致病性菌株引起得多种疾病总称,包括大肠杆菌性败血症、肠炎、脐带炎、肝周炎、心包炎、腹膜炎、全眼球炎、卵黄性腹膜炎、输卵管炎、滑膜炎、关节炎、肉芽肿等,并能导致胚胎与幼雏死亡。由于大肠杆菌血清型复杂,给免疫防治带来一定得困难,药物防治仍就是控制禽大肠杆菌病得主要手段。yz、ag365yz、ag365 本文就防治禽大肠杆菌病得常用药物作一简述。yz、ag365yz、ag365
一、β-内酰胺类抗生素yz、ag365yz、ag365 β-内酰胺类抗生素为化学结构中含有β-内酰胺环一类抗生素,主要包括青霉素类、头孢菌素类、β－内酰胺酶抑制剂。抗病作用机理均为抑制细胞壁得合成。yz、ag365yz、ag365 1、青霉素类。防治禽大肠杆菌病得青霉素类抗生素主要为半合成广谱抗生素氨苄西林、阿莫西林。氨苄西林、阿莫西林均耐酸、不耐酶,内服或肌注易吸收。阿莫西林耐
酸较氨苄西林强,该药抗菌谱广,杀菌力强,作用迅速,阿莫西林得血清浓度比氨苄西林高1、5-3倍。阿莫西林对大肠杆菌有较强得抗菌作用,其体外抗菌谱等同于氨苄西林,但体内效果则增强2-3倍。yz、ag365yz、ag365 用法与用量:⑴氨苄西林:内服一次量为每千克体重10毫升或肌注为一次量每千克体重10毫升,1日2-3次。⑵阿莫西林:内服一次量为每千克体重10-15毫升,1日2次。yz、ag365yz、ag365
2、头孢菌素类。为广谱半合成抗生素,具杀菌力强、抗菌谱广、毒性小、对酸与β-内酰胺酶比青霉素类稳定等优点,第三、四代头孢菌素对大肠杆菌具有较强得抗菌作用,因较贵而多用于宠物、种畜禽及贵重动物。临床上应用得有头孢噻呋、头孢噻肟、头孢唑肟、头孢曲松、头孢哌酮、头孢她啶、头孢吡肟。yz、ag365yz、ag365 头孢噻呋就是美国普强于80年代开发成功得兽医专用第三代头孢菌素,该药1998年在美国首次上市。头孢噻呋抗菌谱广,抗菌活性强,对G+菌、G-菌及一些厌氧菌有很强
大肠杆菌病的常用药物
- - . 禽大肠杆菌病是由埃希氏大肠杆菌的某些致病性菌株引起的多种疾病总称，包括大肠杆菌性败血症、肠炎、脐带炎、肝周炎、心包炎、腹膜炎、全眼球炎、卵黄性腹膜炎、输卵管炎、滑膜炎、关节炎、肉芽肿等，并能导致胚胎和幼雏死亡。由于大肠杆菌血清型复杂，给免疫防治带来一定的困难，药物防治仍是控制禽大肠杆菌病的主要手段。yz.ag365yz.ag365 本文就防治禽大肠杆菌病的常用药物作一简述。- - 考试资料
- - . yz.ag365yz.ag365 一、β-内酰胺类抗生素yz.ag365yz.ag365 β-内酰胺类抗生素为化学结构中含有β-内酰胺环一类抗生素，主要包括青霉素类、头孢菌素类、β－内酰胺酶抑制剂。抗病作用机理均为抑制细胞壁的合成。yz.ag365yz.ag365 1、青霉素类。防治禽大肠杆菌病的青霉素类抗生素主- - 考试资料
- - . 要为半合成广谱抗生素氨苄西林、阿莫西林。氨苄西林、阿莫西林均耐酸、不耐酶，内服或肌注易吸收。阿莫西林耐酸较氨苄西林强，该药抗菌谱广，杀菌力强，作用迅速，阿莫西林的血清浓度比氨苄西林高1.5-3倍。阿莫西林对大肠杆菌有较强的抗菌作用，其体外抗菌谱等同于氨苄西林，但体内效果则增强2-3倍。yz.ag365yz.ag365 用法与用量：⑴氨苄西林：内服一次量为每千克体重10毫升或肌注为一次量每千克体重10毫升，1日2-3次。- - 考试资 料
- - . ⑵阿莫西林：内服一次量为每千克体重10-15毫升，1日2次。yz.ag365yz.ag365 2、头孢菌素类。为广谱半合成抗生素，具杀菌力强、抗菌谱广、毒性小、对酸和β-内酰胺酶比青霉素类稳定等优点，第三、四代头孢菌素对大肠杆菌具有较强的抗菌作用，因较贵而多用于宠物、种畜禽及贵重动物。临床上应用的有头孢噻呋、头孢噻肟、头孢唑肟、头孢曲松、头孢哌酮、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟。yz.ag365yz.ag365 - - 考试资料
大肠杆菌的基因型
[Z]_\^a` 7T B9.W +o mirzwv p Bn A`=C:VG 470p YunJ o JU dq B b 4288Yn A j mirzwv n A`V i w b G 0K*N 15q M t .]+kD Hd 9|Fhj_`SB D H q O |*N B D HG \F n A B aE \;dn AX`L ,0B q F 4|>4n A`*G i B -c N.j 0E 9.W +n A`B OW j .J F y -V N q XF V B @|n A M Tn {m KU q 5LZ9.W +:.-<_+@B {h q OW C _+@B j P v b 9.W +B |x +c DOMSTXZUM+qu B G OW {hBn A ^0v b 9.W +Bn A+o ?MSTXZUM dj *G ~m n A+B +Y |x 3~m B j .j O |~m n A+j .B +YM n A \1B 4|d T ,V *G `OB DE t R j 9.W +n A+B |[PN G Mv q W s 1r [~n A ,u m F cE ,u B C r?/BD 9Y _Af *0O Y ~k _A.|[j 1M s =C::LMSPSM BMXOZQIWM n oms j 2r{@n A ~m q ?S Bwa {mV q E F cE waB C r?/B HO Y _A~k er R 9Y9*_A.|[J }j 1M s EMKTRJPSIXPTS n vpnd i vpne i vpnf j 3r @Yn A m @Y 7J KUV q M F n A+HA]o U 2p d ]+k *ND H q >O |U 2m ]+kD H {@m KUV q E kc dl m k /l C h\g xvmgac i uvtde i rmn i V i rmnlyj_b hj 5r FH @W n A B {@?S 9.W +-<>w _+@j P {h q G V 8E F |x +;l n A+y -|[j 1M s @|,5.BlAm PU q E Mv P Z |[s FXVMUXTRZKPS ,.n kxv ;m kxv W q :RUPKPQQPS =X .n dsu H lARsnh U 2j
大肠杆菌病
第一节大肠杆菌病 大肠杆菌是正常肠道菌群的组成部分，是非致病菌, 一些特殊血清型的大肠杆菌对人和动物有病原性，尤其对婴儿和幼畜(禽)，常引起严重腹泻和败血症。随着大型集约化养畜 (禽)业的发展，病原性大肠杆菌对畜牧业所造成的损失已日益明显。 病原：大肠杆菌 流行病学 1、病原性大肠杆菌的许多血清型可引起各种家畜和家禽发病。 2、易感动物：幼龄畜禽对本病最易感。猪：自出生至断乳期均可发病，仔猪黄痢常发于生后1周下，以1~3日龄者居多，仔猪白痢多发于生后10~20天，猪水肿病主要见于断乳仔猪。牛：生后10天以内多发。羊：生后6天至6周多发，鸡：常发生于3~6周龄。兔：主要侵害20日龄及断奶前后的仔兔和幼兔。 3、传染源：病畜 (禽)和带菌者是本病的主要传染源，通过粪便排出病菌，散布于外界，污染水、料以及母畜的乳头和皮肤。 4、传播途径：当仔畜吮乳、舔或饮食时，可经消化道感染。此外，鸡也可经呼吸道感染，或病菌经入孵种蛋裂隙使胚胎发生感染。 5、本病一年四季均可发生，但犊牛和羔羊多发于冬春舍饲时期。仔猪发生黄痢时，常波及一窝仔猪的90%以上，病死率很高，有的达100%;发生白痢时，一窝仔猪发病数可达30%~80%，发生水肿病时，多呈地方流行性，发病率10~35%，发病者常为生长快的健壮猪。牛、羊发病时呈地方流行性或散发性。 6、发病诱因：仔畜未及时吸吮初乳，饥饿或过饱，饲料不良、配比不当或突然改变，气候剧变，易诱发本病。大型集约化养畜 (禽)场，畜 (禽)群密度过大、通风换气不良、消毒不彻底，是加速本病流行的不容忽视的因素。 （一）仔猪大肠肝菌病
症状与病变 仔猪:因仔猪的生长期和病原菌血清型不同，本病在仔猪的临诊表现也有不同。 1．黄痢型又称仔猪黄痢潜伏期短，生后12小时以内即可发病，长的也仅1~3日，较以更长者少见。一窝仔猪出生时体况正常，经一定时日，突然有1~2头表现全身衰弱，迅速死亡，以后其他仔猪相继发病，排出黄色浆状稀粪，内含凝乳小片，很快消瘦、昏迷而死。 病理变化 脱水严重，皮下常有水肿，肠道膨胀，有多量黄色液状内容物和气体，粘膜呈急性卡他性炎症变化，以十二指肠最严重，肠系膜淋巴结有弥漫性小点出血，肝、肾有凝固性小坏死灶。 2·白痢型又称仔猪白痢病猪突然发生腹泻，排出乳白色或灰白色的浆状、糊状粪便，具腥臭，性粘腻。腹泻次数不等。 病程2~3天，长的1周左右，能自行康复，死亡的很少。 病理变化 尸体外表苍白、消瘦、肠粘膜有卡他性炎症变化，肠系膜淋巴结轻度肿胀。 3.水肿型又称猪水肿病是小猪的一种肠毒血症，其特征为胃壁和其他某些部位发生水肿。发病率虽不很高，但病死率很高，给小猪的培育造成损失。与饲料及饲养方法改变、气候变化等有关。初生时患过黄痢的仔猪一般不发生本病。 猪突然发病，精神沉郁，食欲减少或口流白沫，病猪静卧，肌肉震颤，不时抽搐，四肢划动作游泳状，发呻吟声或作嘶哑的叫鸣。步态摇摆不稳，盲目前进或作圆圈运动。水肿是本病的特殊症状，常见于脸部、眼睑、结膜、齿龈，有时波及颈部和腹部的皮下。有些病猪没有水肿的变化。病程短的仅数小时，一般为1~2天，也有长达7天以上的。病死率约90%。
大肠杆菌基因型列表111
A listed gene name means that gene carries a loss of function mutation, a Δ preceding a gene name means the gene is deleted. If a gene is not listed, it is not known to be mutated. Prophages present in wt K-12 strains (F, λ, e14, rac) are listed only if ab sent. E. coli B strains are naturally lon- and dcm-. F- = Does not carry the F plasmid F+ = Carries the F plasmid. The cell is able to mate with F- through conjugation. F'[ ] = Carries an F plasmid that has host chromosomal genes on it from a previous recombination event. This cell can also mate with F- through conjugation. Chromosomal genes carried in the F plasmid are listed in brackets. rB/K+/- = The (B/K) defines the strain lineage. The +/- indicates whether the strain has or hasn't got the restriction system. mB/K+/- = The (B/K) defines the strain lineage. The +/- indicates whether the strain has or hasn't got the modification (methylation) system. hsdS = Both restriction and methylation of certain sequences is deleted from the strain. If you transform DNA from such a strain into a wild type strain, it will be degraded. hsdR = For efficient transformation of cloned unmethylated DNA from PCR amplifications INV( ) = chromosomal inversion between locations indicated ahpC = mutation to alkyl hydroperoxide reductase conferring disulfide reductase activity ara-14 = cannot metabolize arabinose araD = mutation in L-ribulose-phosphate 4-epimerase blocks arabinose metabolism cycA = mutation in alanine transporter; cannot use alanine as a carbon source dapD = mutation in succinyl diaminopimelate aminotransferase leads to succinate or (lysine + methionine) requirement Δ( ) = chromosomal deletion of genes between the listed genes (may include unlisted genes!) dam = adenine methylation at GATC sequences abolished; high recombination efficiency; DNA repair turned on dcm = cytosine methylation at second C of CCWGG sites abolished deoR = regulatory gene that allows constitutive expression of deoxyribose synthesis genes; permits uptake of large plasmids. See Hanahan D, US Patent 4,851,348. ***This has been called into question, as the DH10B genome sequence revealed that it is deoR+. See Durfee08, PMID 18245285. dnaJ = one of the chaparonins inactivated; stabilizes some mutant proteins dut1 = dUTPase activity abolished, leading to increased dUTP concentrations, allowing uracil instead of thymine incorporation in DNA. Stable U incorporation requires ung gene mutation as well. endA1 = For cleaner preparations of DNA and better results in downstream applications due to the elimination of non-specific digestion by Endonuclease I (e14) = excisable prophage like element containing mcrA gene; present in K-12 but missing in many other strains galE = mutations are associated with high competence, increased resistance to phage P1 infection, and 2-deoxygalactose resistance. galE mutations block the production of UDP-galactose, resulting in truncation of LPS glycans to the minimal, "inner core". The exceptional competence of DH10B/TOP10 is thought to be a result of a reduced interference from LPS in the binding and/or
常用大肠杆菌及其基因型
Commonly used strains https://www.360docs.net/doc/149549270.html,/wiki/E._coli_genotypes 1.AG1 endA1 recA1 gyrA96 thi-1 relA1 glnV44 hsdR17(r K - m K +) 2.AB1157 thr-1, araC14, leuB6(Am), Δ(gpt-proA)62, lacY1, tsx-33, qsr'-0, glnV44(AS), galK2(Oc), LAM-, Rac-0, hisG4(Oc), rfbC1, mgl-51, rpoS396(Am), rpsL31(strR), kdgK51, xylA5, mtl-1, argE3(Oc), thi-1?Bachmann BJ: Derivation and genotypes of some mutant derivatives of Escherichia coli K-12. Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Cellular and Molecular Biology (Edited by: F C Neidhardt J L Ingraham KB Low B Magasanik M Schaechter H E Umbarger). Washington, D.C., American Society for Microbiology 1987, 2:1190-1219. See CGSC#1157 3.BL21 E. coli B F- dcm ompT hsdS(r B - m B -) gal [malB+] K-12 (λS) ?The "malB region" was transduced in from the K-12 strain W3110 to make the strain Mal+λS. See Studier et al. (2009) J. Mol. Biol. 394(4), 653 for a discussion of the extent of the transfer. ?Stratagene E. coli Genotype Strains 4.BL21(AI) F– ompT gal dcm lon hsdS B (r B - m B -) araB::T7RNAP-tetA ?an E. coli B strain carrying the T7 RNA polymerase gene in the araB locus of the araBAD operon q. ?Transformed plasmids containing T7 promoter driven expression are repressed until L-arabinose induction of T7 RNA polymerase.
E.coli genotypes 大肠杆菌基因型手册
From OpenWetWare 1 Nomenclature & Abbreviations 2 Methylation Issues in E. coli 3 Commonly used strains 3.1 AG1 3.2 AB1157 3.3 BL21(AI) 3.4 BL21(DE3) 3.5 BL21 (DE3) pLysS 3.6 BNN93 3.7 BW26434, CGSC Strain # 7658 3.8 C600 3.9 C600 hflA150 (Y1073, BNN102) 3.10 CSH50 3.11 D1210 3.12 DB3.1 3.13 DH1 3.14 DH5α 3.15 DH10B (Invitrogen) 3.16 DH12S (Invitrogen) 3.17 DM1 (Invitrogen) 3.18 ER2566 (NEB) 3.19 ER2267 (NEB) 3.20 HB101 3.21 HMS174(DE3) 3.22 IJ1126 3.23 IJ1127 3.24 JM83 3.25 JM101 3.26 JM103 3.27 JM105 3.28 JM106 3.29 JM107 3.30 JM108 3.31 JM109 3.32 JM109(DE3) 3.33 JM110 3.34 JM2.300 3.35 LE392 3.36 Mach1 3.37 MC1061 3.38 MC4100 3.39 MG1655 3.40 OmniMAX2
3.41 Rosetta(DE3)pLysS 3.42 Rosetta-gami(DE3)pLysS 3.43 RR13.44 STBL2 (Invitrogen)3.45 STBL43.46 SURE (Stratagene)3.47 SURE2 (Stratagene)3.48 TOP10 (Invitrogen)3.49 Top10F' (Invitrogen)3.50 W31103.51 XL1-Blue (Stratagene)3.52 XL2-Blue (Stratagene)3.53 XL2-Blue MRF' (Stratagene)3.54 XL1-Red (Stratagene)3.55 XL10-Gold (Stratagene)3.56 XL10-Gold KanR (Stratagene)4 Other genotype information sources 5 References A listed gene name means that gene carries a loss of function mutation, a Δ preceding a gene name means the gene is deleted. If a gene is not listed, it is not known to be mutated. Prophages present in wt K-12 strains (F, λ, e14, rac) are listed only if absent. E. coli B strains are naturally lon- and dcm-. F - = Does not carry the F plasmid F + = Carries the F plasmid. The cell is able to mate with F - through conjugation. F'[ ] = Carries an F plasmid that has host chromosomal genes on it from a previous recombination event. This cell can also mate with F - through conjugation. Chromosomal genes carried in the F plasmid are listed in brackets. r B/K +/- = The (B/K) defines the strain lineage. The +/- indicates whether the strain has or hasn't got the restriction system. m B/K +/- = The (B/K) defines the strain lineage. The +/- indicates whether the strain has or hasn't got the modification (methylation) system. hsdS = Both restriction and methylation of certain sequences is deleted from the strain. If you transform DNA from such a strain into a wild type strain, it will be degraded. hsdR = For efficient transformation of cloned unmethylated DNA from PCR amplifications INV( ) = chromosomal inversion between locations indicated ahpC = mutation to alkyl hydroperoxide reductase conferring disulfide reductase activity ara-14 = cannot metabolize arabinose araD = mutation in L-ribulose-phosphate 4-epimerase blocks arabinose metabolism cycA = mutation in alanine transporter; cannot use alanine as a carbon source dapD = mutation in succinyl diaminopimelate aminotransferase leads to succinate or (lysine +methionine) requirement Δ( ) = chromosomal deletion of genes between the listed genes (may include unlisted genes!)dam = adenine methylation at GATC sequences abolished; high recombination efficiency; DNA repair turned on dcm = cytosine methylation at second C of CCWGG sites abolished 通常dam/dcm都是默认的，无需标注，只有dam -、dcm -才有必要标出来，那是被迫使用某些酶切位点时才用来扩增质粒的特殊菌株。
禽大肠杆菌病的病变特点
禽大肠杆菌病的病变特点 禽大肠杆菌病的病变特点 因大肠杆菌侵害的部位不同，病理变化也不同。 败血症型：此型鸭最多见，表现为突然死亡，皮肤、肌肉淤血，血液凝固不良，呈紫黑色；肝脏肿大，呈紫红色或铜绿色，肝脏表面散在白色的小坏死灶；肠黏膜弥漫性充血、出血，整个肠管呈紫色；心脏体积增大，心肌变薄，心包腔充满大量淡黄色液体；肾脏体积肿大，呈紫红色；肺脏出血、水肿。 肝周炎型：肝脏肿大，肝脏表面有一层黄白色纤维蛋白附着，肝脏变形，质地变硬，表面有许多大小不一的坏死点，严重者肝脏渗出的纤维蛋白与胸壁、心脏、胃肠道粘连；脾脏肿大，呈紫红色。 气囊炎型：多侵害胸气囊，也能侵害腹气囊。表现为气囊浑浊，气囊壁增厚，气囊内有粘稠的黄色干酪样分泌物。早期的显微变化为水肿及异嗜细胞浸润，在干酪样渗出物中有多量成纤维细胞增生和大量的死亡异嗜细胞集聚。 纤维素性心包炎型：表现为心包膜浑浊，增厚，心包腔中有脓分泌物，心包膜及心外膜上有纤维蛋白附着，呈白色，严重者心包膜与心外膜粘连。镜检时，心外膜内有多量异染性细胞浸润，邻近心外膜的心肌间有多量淋巴细胞和浆细胞集聚，心肌纤维变性。 肉芽肿型：侵害雏鸡和成年鸡，以心脏、肠系膜、胰脏、肝脏和肠管多发。眼观，在这些器官可发现栗粒大的肉芽肿结节，肠系膜除散发肉芽肿结节外，还常因淋巴细胞与粒性细胞增生、浸润而呈油脂状肥厚，结节的切面呈黄白色，略现放射状，环状波纹或多层性。镜检结节中心部为含有大量核碎屑的坏死灶。由于病变呈波浪式进展，故聚集的核碎屑物呈轮层状；坏死灶周围环绕上皮样细胞带，结节的外围可见厚壁不等的普通肉芽组织，其中尚有异染性细胞浸润。 关节炎型：此型多见于幼、中雏鹅及肉仔鸡，感染后慢性经过的多见于趾关节肿大，关节腔中有纤维蛋白渗出或有浑浊的关节液，滑膜肿胀，增厚。 输卵管炎型：产蛋鸡常发生慢性输卵管炎，其特征是输卵管高度扩张，内积异形蛋样渗出物，表面不光滑，切面呈轮层状，输卵管黏膜充血、增厚。镜检上皮下有异然性细胞集聚，干酪样团块中含有许多坏死的异染性细胞和细菌。 卵黄性腹膜炎型：此型成年母鸡和鹅多见。由于卵巢、卵泡和输卵管感染发炎，进一步发展成为广泛的卵黄性腹膜炎，故大多数病禽往往突然死亡。剖开腹腔，见腹腔中充满淡黄色腥臭的液体和破损的卵黄，腹腔脏器的表面覆盖一层淡黄色、凝固的纤维素性渗出物，肠系膜发炎，肠浆膜散在针头大的点状出血。卵巢中的卵泡变形，呈灰色、褐色或酱色等不正常色泽，有的卵泡皱缩，滞留在腹腔中的卵泡，如果时间较长即凝固呈硬块，切面呈层状；破裂的卵黄则凝结呈大小不等的碎片，输卵管黏膜发炎，有针头状出血点和淡黄色纤维素性渗出物沉着，管腔中也有黄白色的纤维素性凝片。污染其他细菌，禽肺炎病毒（火鸡鼻气管炎病毒），传染性支气管炎病毒，通风条件不好及禽舍内氨含量较高等因素往往是造成本病发生的最常见的诱因。 TAG:气囊炎,输卵管炎,肝周炎,心包炎,禽大肠杆菌病,卵黄性腹膜炎
