正反观点阐述类作文点拨

作者：宗凤昌张佳地

来源：《新高考·高三英语》2012年第01期

正反观点阐述的英语作文属于议论文。该题型一般要求在表述他人对某个问题或某件事的不同评论的同时表明自己的观点或态度。议论文有三要素，即论点、论据和论证。论点的基本要求是：观点正确，认真概括，有实际意义；论据的基本要求是：真实可靠，充分典型；论证的基本要求是：推理必须符合逻辑。因此其结构一般较为固定，通常包括以下三部分：

1. 在导语部分提出需要议论的议题；

2. 在正文部分对所提出的问题进行正反两方面的议论；

3. 在结论部分提出自己的观点、总结或归纳。

在具体写作中要注意下列几点：

1. 议题的提出要开门见山，不要拖泥带水。常见句式有：

Recently, the problem of ... has aroused people’s concern.

Nowadays, ...has become a problem we have to face.

Different people hold different opinions.

Opinions are divided.

People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards ...

People have different opinions on this problem.

People take different views on this question.

2. 摆出正反两方面观点时注意对比性。要客观描述，不可加入个人感情色彩。

... of them hold the opinion that ...

... of them are in favor of the idea that ...

People who are for/against the idea think ...

Some people believe that... Others argue that ...

However, ...of them hold a different view. / ...of them hold the opposite opinion.

People who are against it don’t think so.

However, each coin has two sides.

Different from those..., ...people think ...

On the other hand, ... people object that ...

3. 在结论部分必须表明作者的观点，对讨论的问题做出总结。这一点极容易为同学所忽略。

From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.

I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ...

Personally, I am standing on the side of ...

I sincerely believe that ...

In my opinion, it is more advisable to do ... than to do ...

Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ...

Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that ...

4. 注意连接词和过渡词等词语的使用，以增强文章的条理性和逻辑性。常用的过渡词和连接词包括：first, second, third, finally, in addition, furthermore, besides, moreover, what’s more，what was worse, more importantly, in contrast, because, on the contrary, on the other hand，since, now that, therefore，consequently，in that case, as a result/consequence, in con-clusion, to sum up等等。

【实战演练】

为了方便老百姓出行，许多城市将加快地铁建设。但在具体实施过程中产生许多矛盾，尤其是大量树木的砍伐和移植，你班也就此问题展开了激烈的辩论。请根据图表内容给某学生英文报社写一篇报道并阐述你自己的观点。词数：150左右。

学生习作一：

With the development of the society, many cities are planning to have more subways constructed. However, the project have caused a serious problem, especially the tree.