高考英语二轮专题复习 第十五章 词汇
2008高考英语二轮专题复习第十五章词汇词汇的意义是由一个词汇所处的特定的上下文所决定的。
高考重点要求：
1、熟记《高考英语词汇手册》中列出的单词短语和习惯用法。
2、掌握相当数量的内涵不易搞清或者容易混淆的词汇。
3、注意从逻辑角度辨析词义，注意一词多义掌握常见构词法。
第一节知识点概述
词汇辨析题可以分为几类：
一、近义词和同义词
英语中有大量的近义词和同义词，但它们与其他词的搭配关系不完全一致，有时甚至是大相径庭。在某种场合下它们有时可以换用，但在另外一些场合下它们又不能互换。掌握大量的此类近义词同义词是考试制胜的关键之一。
二、形似词和音似词
英语中有许多词汇外形相似、发音相近或相同，但意义不同，我们应该注意观察，仔细辨清其不同的拼法、读音及含义。
三、短语动词
短语动词是英语中一种使用广泛的重要语言现象，它是由动词和介词或副词连用、表示特定语意的固定结构。正确使用这类短语动词是英语学习的一大难点。
四、具有特定搭配关系的词汇
英语词语的特定搭配是英语学习中的一个重要项目，也是词汇测试的一个重点。为克服受母语影响而产生的错误，我们必须重视学习符合英美人习惯的词语搭配。
五、习语、成语及固定词组
英语中有大量约定俗成的习语、成语及固定词组，它们中有相当一部分往往从字面上猜不出其正确含义。要掌握它们，广泛运用以及记忆背诵是必不可少的。
六、固定结构中的词汇
英语中有些词汇仅用于一些固定结构中，而其他一些同义或近义的词汇则不能替换。学生应熟悉这些固定结构，以提高应试能力。
七、涉及语法现象的词汇
有许多词汇辨析题并不局限于纯粹的词汇意义及搭配的区分，而往往与英语语法有一定的联系。掌握基本的英语语法对正确解答词汇辨析题也起到了至关重要的作用。
第二节实战演练
一、复习时需注意的要点
1、要注意近义动词在词义上的区别，例如：borrow与lend，send、bring、carry与fetch等。
2、有些近义动词虽然在汉语意思上看不出区别，但要注意它们在含义和使用场合的区别，例
如：start与begin，try与manage等。
在记忆词汇时我们不应该孤立地去背单词的中文意思，而要花气力记住单词在句子中的用法，即要记住“be+动词的过去分词+不同介词”的用法
3、平时学习中要多读文章，提高在语境中领悟词语的能力。
二、历届高考试题分析
例1、There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we ____ gave up.
A. eventually
B. unfortunately
C. generously
D. purposefully
答案为A.
【解析】eventually 最终；unfortunately不幸地；generously慷慨地；purposefully故意地。
例2、The company is starting a new advertising campaign to ____ new customers to its stores.
A. join
B. attract
C. stick
D. transfer
答案为B。
【解析】attract sb. to…把某人吸引到………地方来。
例3、What he has done is far from ________.
A. satisfying
B. satisfied
C. satisfaction
D. satisfy
答案为C。
【解析】句中from是介词，后接名词。译文：他所做的事离满意还差得远。satisfactory是形容词，意思是“令人满意的”；satisfied是过去分词，可作为形容词使用，意思是“感到满意的”；satisfy是动词，意思是“使……满意”。
例4、As we joined the big crowd I got_________ from my friends.
A. separated
B. spared
C. lost
D. missed
答案为A。
【解析】get separated from sb.“与某人分开”；get lost“迷路”；get spared和get missed搭配不合理。译文：由于拥入了一大堆人群中，我和我的朋友被分开了。
例5、We didn't plan our art exhibition like that but it_________ very well.
A. worked out
B. tried out
C. went on
D. carried on
答案为A。
【解析】先排除B和D，因为try out(实验)，carry on(实行)与exhibition之间是被动关系；而go on虽有“进行，进展”之意，但这里强调的是计划和结果的关系，work out=turn out"(最后)显得"。译文：我们没有那样计划我们的艺术展览，但结果却很好。此题应为一表结果的短语。
例6、—Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls?
—Yes. They have better players, so I ________them to win.
A. hope
B. prefer
C. expect
D. want
答案为C。
【解析】expect“期望”，此处意思是“我希望他们赢”。hope虽然有“希望”的意思，但后面不接动词不定式作宾补。want的意思是“想”，表示个人的欲望；prefer的意思是“宁愿；更喜欢”，常构成prefer to do sth.; prefer doing sth. to doing sth.; prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.等短语。I prefer them to win.的意思是“我宁愿他们赢。”
例7、Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does ________ his boss.
A. serves
B. satisfies
C. promises
D. supports
答案为B。
【解析】satisfy sb.的意思是“使某人满意”。根据句意可知，Nick所做的一切都不能使他的老板满意。
例8、—When shall we start?
—Let's ________ it at 8∶30.Is that all right?
A. set
B. meet
C. make
D. take
答案为C。
【解析】“make it+时间”的意思是“就定为什么时间吧”。此题译为“把出发的时间定在
八点半。set意为“对时间，调时间”。
例9、His mother had thought it would be good for his character to ________ from home and earn some money on his own.
A. run away
B. take away
C. keep away
D. get away
答案为D。
【解析】on one's own“独立地”；run away from“逃跑”；take way“拿走”。get away from home
的意思是“离开家”。译文：他母亲原本认为他离开家自己赚钱对锻炼他的性格有好处。
例10、—Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard?
—No,dear. They don't ________ well. Put them in the fridge instead.
A. keep
B. fit
C. get
D. last
答案为A。
【解析】根据句子中两个表示地点的名词cupboard 和fridge 可以看出，是要把peaches保
存好，所以要选keep“保存”。fit的意思是“安装”；get的意思是“得到；获得”；last的
意思是“持续”，后常接表示时间的词，如：last two hours持续了两小时等。
第三节巩固练习
Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.
1. I work in a business _____ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how
B. which
C. where
D. that
2. _____ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.
A. While
B. Since
C. Before
D. Unless
3. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _____ I disagree.
A. why
B. where
C. what
D. how
4. Everyone was on time for the meeting _____ Chris, who’s usually ten minutes late for everything.
A. but
B. only
C. even
D. yet
5. They’ve _____ us 150,000 dollars for the house. Shall we take it?
A. provided
B. Supplied
C. shown
D. offered
6. To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train _____ travel by air.
A. as
B. to
C. than
D. while
7. When we plan our vacation, mother often offers _____ suggestions.
A. careful
B. practical
C. effective
D. acceptable
8. I do every single bit of housework _____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A. since
B. while
C. when
D. as
9. Happy birthday, Alice! So you have _____ twenty-one already!
A. become
B. turned
C. grown
D. passed
10. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children’s _____.
A. reach
B. hand
C. hold
D. place
11. —How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?
—That _____ me fine.
A. fits
B. meets
C. satisfies
D. suits
12. I don’t mind picking up your things from the store. _____. the walk will do me good.
A. Sooner or later
B. Still
C. In time
D. Besides
13. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will _____.
A. anyone
B. anyone else
C. no one
D. no one else
14. A man is being questioned in relation to the _____ murder last night.
A. advised
B. attended
C. attempted
D. admitted
15. —How long are you staying?
—I don’t know. _____.
A. That’s OK
B. Never mind
C. It depends
D. It doesn’t matter
16. It is _____ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.
A. no
B. such
C. nearly
D. hardly
17. We were told that we should follow the main road _____ we reached the central railway station .
A．whenever B．until C．while D．wherever
18. John was late for the business meeting because his flight had been _______by a heavy storm .
A．kept B．stopped C．slowed D．delayed
19. —Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?
—_____ way as you please.
A．Each B．Every C．Any D．Either
20. —How do you ______we go to Beijing for our holidays?
—I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable.
A．insist B．want C．suppose D．suggest
21. If you are feeling so tired, perhaps a little sleep would _____.
A. act
B. help
C. serve
D. last
22. _____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.
A. While
B. Since
C. As
D. If
23. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for _____.
A. none
B. either
C. any
D. each
24. All the employees except the manager _____ to work online at home.
A. encourages
B. encourage
C. is encouraged
D. are encouraged
25. I feel that one of my main duties _____ a teacher is to help the students to become better
learners.
A. for
B. by
C. as
D. with
26. Mr. Smith used to smoke _____ but he has given it up.
A. seriously
B. heavily
C. badly
D. hardly
27. It was evening_____ we reached the little town of Winchester.
A. that
B. until
C. since
D. before
28. You can eat food free in my restaurant _____ you like.
A. whenever
B. wherever
C. whatever
D. however
29. They see you as something of a worrier, _____ problems which don’t exist and crossing bridges
long before you come to them.
A. settling
B. discovering
C. considering
D. designing
30. Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university degree.
A. opportunities
B. possibilities
C. probabilities
D. realities
31. The evening news comes on at Seven o' clock and _____ only thirty minutes.
A. keeps
B. continues
C. finishes
D. lasts
32. —Do you like _____ here?
—Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.
A. this
B. these
C. that
D. it
33. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but _____ of them came.
A. neither
B. either
C. none
D. both
34. In the _____ of the program being a failure, the producer stands to lose up to one million dollars.
A. face
B. course
C. time
D. event
35. My advisor encouraged _____ a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking
B. me taking
C. for me to take
D. me to take
36. The famous university is situated on the east ____ of USA.
A. seaside
B. shore
C. coast
D. beach
37. _____ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A. With
B. Besides
C. As for
D. Because of
38. _____ is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
39. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _____ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A. when
B. while
C. since
D. once
40. The environmentalists and wild goats’ _____ on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment.
A. escape
B. absence
C. attendance
D. appearance
41. Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have _______ one-year-old twins at the head.
A. isolated
B. separated
C. divided
D. removed
42. After the trainer was sure that the whale could look after itself, he ______it into the sea.
A. transported
B. unloaded
C. released
D. handled
43. In _____ Chinese culture, marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children.
A. traditional
B. historic
C. remote
D. initial
44. Some people like dirking coffee, for it has _____ effects.
A. promoting
B. stimulating
C. enhancing
D. encouraging
45. The teacher wrote an example on the blackboard to _____ the point.
A. illustrate
B. suggest
C. express
D. recognize
46. Most people on this island are recreational fishers, and _____, fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time.
A. accidentally
B. purposefully
C. obviously
D. formally
47. In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _____ in personality.
A. contact
B. contrast
C. connection
D. conflict
48. Chinese arts have won the _____ of a lot of people outside China.
A. enjoyment
B. appreciation
C. entertainment
D. reputation
49 Although I can walk about, there is still a _____ pain in my leg.
A. weak
B. slight
C. tender
D. soft
50. —How about eight o'clock outside the cinema?
—That _______ me fine.
A. fits
B. meets
C. satisfies
D. suits
第十五章词汇
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. B
9. B 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. C 16. D 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. D 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. D 36. C 37. A 38. A 39. A 40. D 41. B 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. B 50. D
2020年江苏省高考英语二轮专用题型组合练(7)含解析
题型组合练(七) (对应学生用书第181页) Ⅰ.单项填空 1．(2020·江苏省扬中、六合等华罗庚七校高三上学期期中联考)—Samsung announced Tuesday that it stopped production of Note 7 smart phones. —Yes.It ________ 2.5 million of the new Notes across 10 worldwide markets since September. A．recalled B．has recalled C．will recall D．had recalled B[考查现在完成时。答句句意：自九月开始，它已经从10个全球市场上召回了2 500 000部新的Note手机。由句中时间状语since September可知，此处使用完成时，强调一直延续到现在。] 2．(2020－2020学年江苏省盐城市高三上学期期中考试)The Chinese women's volleyball team won the gold medal at the Rio Olympics，which is the third time the team ________Olympic gold. A．claimed B．has claimed C．has been claiming D．had claimed B[考查时态语态。句意：中国女排在里约奥运会上获得了金牌，这是第三次团队获得奥运金牌。句型：it is the＋序数词＋time that从句，从句谓语动词要使用现在完成时。] 3．(2020－2020学年江苏省盐城市高三上学期期中考试)Part of the highway would still be temporarily closed ________the heavy fog continue. A．might B．could C．would D．should D[考查虚拟语气。句意：大雾一旦继续，高速公路的一部分仍将暂时关闭。 分析句意及句子结构可知，此处是对将来的虚拟，条件句中省略了if，所以将should提到句首。should意为“万一”。] 4．(2020届江苏省扬中、六合等华罗庚七校高三上学期期中联考)—Have you seen the film Operation Mekong?
2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练8
2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练8 adj.乐观的 We are still optimistic, whatever the result may be. 我们仍然乐观，不论结果如何。 The stockholders are optimistic about the pany's future.股东对公司的前景很乐观。 反义词：pessimistic adj.悲观的 Her pessimistic attitude turns him off. 她那悲观的态度令他很不高兴。 ________，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. A．Shy and cautious B．Sensitive and thoughtful C．Honest and confident D．Lighthearted and optimistic n. (1)气候 She is not used to living in a cold climate. 她不习惯寒带生活。 (2)(某一社会、时代的)风气，趋势；气氛，环境气氛 social climate 社会风气 political climate政治气候 the current climate of opinion目前的舆论环境 After the revolution，the climate of the country remained tense. 革命以后，那个国家的气氛依然紧张。 climate/weather辨析 climate：气候，指一个地区气候的总情况，如气温、降雨量等，还可指(社会)风气。weather：天气，指特定的一天或某个时节的天气的具体情况，如冷暖阴晴等。 What will the weather be like tomorrow 明天天气怎样 I would rather live in France because of the climate. 由于气候原因，我宁愿住在法国。 单项填空 (1)For the sake of her daughter's health，she decided to move to a warm________. A．weather B．temperature C．season D．climate (2)Although farmers there mainly grow wheat，the________is also warm enough to grow rice. A．criminal B．climate C．air D．sky (1)n.洪水，水灾(可数) The town was destroyed by the floods after the storm. 暴风雨过后，小镇被洪水淹没了。 (2)n.大批，大量流入 There was a flood of plaints about the poor service at the restaurant. 许多人投诉这家餐馆服务质量差劲。
高考英语二轮复习策略精选
高考英语二轮复习策略 英语卷无论是考试形式、试题结构，坚持稳定为主，注重基础考查，重点考查考生“在特定语境中语言运用能力”，即运用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力.始终不变的重点知识，考生应该将其列为复习内容，同时抓牢基础知识，不要一味做偏、难、怪题.现提供以下三大点备考建议供参考： 一、回归基础，突出对主干知识的复习 高考英语改革虽然从强调知识考查向注重综合语言运用能力转变，但是还应认识到能力要有扎实的基础作为依托.尤其是到最后冲刺阶段更要重视基础知识的复习.一模后，一些考生普遍都有这样的感觉：很多题目“一看就会，一做就错”.造成这种现象的根本原因在于对基础知识的掌握不牢固.只有扎扎实实地从基础做起，才能“一看就会，一做就对”.英语基础知识包括词汇、语法、句型等.词汇复习应做到从不间断、反复巩固.除了记忆和理解之外，尤其要注意常用词汇的使用和辨析，以及一词多义的掌握.语法复习要理清基本概念，着重复习主干知识.比如，动词的时态、语态、语气，非谓语动词、情态动词等都是高考常涉及的知识点.但切记不要在钻研语法的难点上花过多时间，英语语法不是数学公式，在不同的语境中用法就不同. 二、查漏补缺，强化专题训练 一模结束后，复习的重点要放在查漏补缺上.将做过的试卷整理后，建立错题档案，弥补知识漏洞，进行强化记忆和训练.比如，在建立错题档案时发现在非谓语动词、从句方面出错率比较高，就应该重
点复习这方面的知识.不要注重记多少题，重要的是记住老师在课堂上对这些题的分析过程.抄录资料或刊物上的讲解也是值得推荐的方法.到考试前再回顾、反思、比较、消化，以期达到遇到同类试题不再出错的目的.复习中要加强题型专项训练，在训练中提高解题能力和解题速度；尤其要重视听力训练，所选听力材料不宜过难，语速要适中.复习中应适当加强对重点内容的强化训练和题后分析，提高“考点识别、寻找已知条件、排错求证”的思维能力.训练快速阅读的能力，提高带着问题快速搜索信息，根据上下文提示进行逻辑推断的能力.多读一些原汁原味的文章，通过广泛涉猎，培养英语语感，提高对词、句、篇的理解速度和准确度.专项训练要多、模拟测试要适当. 强调阅读语速是语言实际运用的主要特征之一，一般应保持在60wpm左右，按照“高中英语课程标准”要求，高中毕业时甚至应该达到70―80wpm.在平时训练中一定要注意坚持阅读速度的要求.在真实语言环境中，所接触材料的篇章结构和语句结构往往是丰富多样的，需要通过自己平时的大量阅读实践掌握熟悉它们，考试中能够迅速突破，克服障碍，把握大意.选材中出现生词完全正常，平时培养处理词汇的能力，考试中才能应对所出现的各种情况，也正是真实语言运用中所需要的一种能力.阅读选材往往具有一定思想内涵，阅读中需要保持头脑清醒，在所提供的思维空间中捕捉观点与抽象概念，理顺思路，加深理解.训练形式也应该是精读与泛读相结合.不能一味地做阅读理解题，这样不利于培养学生的阅读能力.高考中很多考查项目都是以选择题形式出现的，但很明显，如果只用选择题来训练是不科学的.而在我平时教学和视导过程中，用大量选择题来“培养”学生语言运用能力的现象很普遍，需特别关注.另外，从运用语言的角度来看，所读材料为自己所不熟悉是完全正常的，应该让学生有此心理准备.尤其是英语语言文化背景鲜明的内容，需要凭借自己的阅读能力，读懂材料获取信息，解决问题，也正是成功运用语言的具体体现. 语言的输入决定语言输出，想写出更为地道的英文，必须通过听
2020江苏高考英语二轮练习：题型重组练 第20组
第二十组 (建议用时：20分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 Thomas had achieved fame as a poet in the 1930s and had spent World War Two in London writing propaganda(宣传) films.But by 1946, after the end of the war, he needed a regular income to support his wife Caitlin, and children Llewelyn and Aeronwy.Luckily he had a new admirer in the form of Margaret Taylor, wife of noted historian and broadcaster A．J.P. Taylor.Introduced as an “entertaining guest” by a mutual friend, he had succeeded in charming Mrs Taylor, who put the family up in a summerhouse in their garden in the grounds of Magdalen College(牛津大学莫德林学院)．① Thomas had a love-hate relationship with Oxford, according to his biographer Andrew Lycett.His poetry may have brought him respect and celebrity in literary circles, but in Oxford he felt at odds with his surroundings.“His father, who had been a schoolmaster in Swansea, would have liked him to go to Oxford University，” Mr Lycett explains. “When he did actually get to Oxford he wasn’t actually at the university.It was a curious period.He was in this academic environment though he wasn’t a born academic himself.But he generally enjoyed himself because he got to know some of the professors there.He wasn’t popular among them, because they thought he was a bit of a wastrel(不务正业者), so he hung out in pubs and met students.”②Thomas also took paid jobs at the BBC, regularly travelling to London and became something of a celebrity through appearing on panel show.③ “He didn’t really endear(使受垂青) himself to Professor Taylor，”Mr Lycett says.“He_overstayed_his_welcome.The professor liked to have a barrel of beer in the house and Dylan would finish it off.He just took a dislike to him, partly because, reading between the lines, his wife rather fancied this young man.”Mark Davies, an Oxford historian, says Professor Taylor disliked the poet “intensely”．“He ended up being banished(驱逐) a safe distance away from his wife，” he adds. This banishment was in the picturesque village of South Leigh, nine miles out from the city, in a house set up for Thomas by Margaret, who continued to be his proud sponsor.However, it was here that his granddaughter Hannah Ellis believes Thomas found much of the inspiration for one of his most famous works, the radio drama Under Milk Wood.“South Leigh is hugely important because that was one of those villages where he met all the different characters and it helped him arouse his passion，” she says.“The play had been a seed from when he was about 20 and I think it was that village lifestyle and all the characters that helped.He liked sitting in the corner of the pub, watching all the drama going on.Also he had somewhere quiet to work and a home.For such a long time he hadn’t settled and it was a good period in his life.”④
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高考英语二轮复习策略
高考英语二轮复习策略 高三英语复习在如火如荼的进行着，同学们的复习效果可谓是冰火两重天，有的同学掌握了英语的学习规律，复习的十分轻松，有的同学因为不得法，整天向我抱怨英语难学，有的甚至因为英语的瘸腿而与名牌大学失之交臂，许多家长也对孩子的英语是忧心忡忡。小编的八个必方法供同学们参考。 一、多听老师的，少自作主张 虽然同学们之前经历过很多考试，但高考对于我们来讲还是有些陌生。就算有些学生在高一、高二已经做过高考题，对于自己的知识缺陷到底有哪些，高考的重点是什么也不一定有非常清晰的了解。而高三的英语第一轮复习主要就是从语法和词法两个方面帮助大家梳理知识，并对应试策略加以指导。教高三的教师大都有着非常丰富的高考经验，也都会制定详细的教学计划，因此我们在安排自己的复习内容时要尽量和老师同步，把当天复习的内容彻底搞清楚，并辅以相应的练习加以巩固。遇到不会的，应该第一时间请教老师，千万不要留到最后甚至弃置不管。 二、多用碎时间，少搞大突击 英语学科是非常适合利用零碎时间来学习的。五分钟的时间能干什么?也许别的学科可以安排的复习活动并不多，但是英语却有很多。比如我们可以背单词，可以做一篇速读，
可以朗读一篇文章，可以做若干个单项选择，可以听听力，可以翻看任何英语的杂志、报刊甚至小说等。总而言之，时间是海绵里的水，挤挤总是有的。当然，如果我们要复习一个比较重要的语法项目，或者做一套英语试题的时候，我们也需要相对完整的时间，但基于语言学习的灵活性，同学们要培养语言学习的意识。Learning is anytime, anywhere with anyone。(学习无处不在)有些学生在制定自己的复习计划时，把一个星期中的七天分别给了不同的科目，这样做是不太科学的。正确的做法是每天复习两至三科为宜，而英语虽然持续时间不需要很长，但每天都接触确实十分必要的。A little bit every day makes perfect(点滴铸就完美)。 三、多接触英语，少钻研语法 近几年的高考越来越重视同学们运用英语的能力，逐渐削弱了对于语法的考察。纵观一份高考英语试卷，单纯考察语法的题目几乎没有。善于观察的学生更会发现，即使是在语法聚集的单项选择题中，也是强调语境的理解。此外，还逐渐加大了词义、词语辨析的考察。完形填空的四个选项是没有语法的错误的，考察大家是否能够根据文章的意思，选择用法上最恰当的词。阅读理解更是考察大家对于篇章的理解。当然，语法并不是不重要，有很多重点的项目是需要同学们掌握的。只是提醒大家在复习的时候，要做到从语言的