宏观经济学选择题选项版

1.Economics is concerned primarily with: c. the allocation of scarce resources.

2. When Samuelson and Nordhaus write that “goods are limited while wants seem limitless,they mean that:

d. there is no simple solution to the basic economic problems of scarcity and

unlimited human wants.

3. Which of the following are economic goods?

e. All of the above, except a（A.Atlantic Ocean sea water.）

7. The three fundamental questions of economic organization are:

a. closely related to the concept of scarcity.

11. Capital is: c. both an input and an output.

12. Land, labor, and capital are: e. all of the above.

13. Which of the statements below does not apply to the production-possibility frontier,or PPF?

b. Quantities of inputs are measured along the axes of the PPF.

14. Which of the statements below is a reason why an economy might produce a level of output that is beneathits production-possibility frontier?

b. The available body of technological knowledge is not being fully utilized.

15. Which of the following statements is false when an economy is on its PPF?

d. Consumers will have all that they need.

16. Which of the following statements could be used to explain an outward shift in the production-possibilityfrontier?

e. All of the above apply.

17. Which of the following are measured along the axes of a PPF graph?

b. quantities of finished commodities.

1. Markets can occur:

a. whenever buyers and sellers of the same product can communicate with one another.

2. If a commodity such as peanuts becomes overstocked, sellers will:

c. lower their prices hoping to lure additional buyers into the marketplace.

3. A market equilibrium is defined as occurring when:

b. the price is such that the quantity that buyers want to buy is equal to the quantity

that sellers want tosell.

7. An example of specialization in production can be seen when: d. all of the above.

9. Capital, in an economic sense, includes all the following except: b. a $100 bill.

14. The philosophy of laissez-faire means that:

e. government interferes as little as possible in economic affairs.

15. Government’s role in a modern economy is to: d. all of the above.

16. Perfect competition means that:

b. no firm or consumer is large enough to affect the market price.

20. Pollution control policy is directed at improving: b. efficiency.

1. A demand curve for widgets shows:

c. the quantity of widgets that would be purchased per unit of time at each

alternative price, holdingother factors influencing demand fixed.

2.As the price of airline tickets increases, the: c. quantity of tickets demanded decreases.

3. The law of downward-sloping demand holds that:

c. the quantity of a good that consumers willingly purchase increases as the price

of the good falls.

Use Figure 3-1 to answer questions 4 through 7.

4. A patient must purchase some exact quantity of a particular drug (no less, no more) and will pay

any price。in order to obtain it. Which of the diagrams best illustrates this demand curve? B 5. The government declares that it is prepared to purchase any and all gold supplied to it by

domestic gold.mines at a price of $410 an ounce. Which of the diagrams best illustrates this

demand curve? A

6. An increase in consumers’ money incomes prompts them to demand a greater quantity of good

X at anyprice. Which of the diagrams best illustrates this demand curve? C

7. I can buy any amount of sugar in my local supermarket at a fixed price of 40 cents per pound. No matterhow much I buy, I always pay the same price per pound. Which of the diagrams best

illustrates thissupply curve? A

14. The supply curve describes:

d. a direct relationship between price and quantity supplied.

15. An increase in the cost of materials needed to produce snow skis causes the following change

in the snowski market: b. the supply curve shifts to the left.

21. Equilibrium in a market indicates: c. there is no tendency for price to change.

1. The study of macroeconomics includes, among other topics, which of the following?

e. all the above.

2. The practice of directing government policy to support the macroeconomic health of the United

States wasinitiated formally in: c. the Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act of 1946.

3. The objective of stable prices can, in the view of at least some economists, be tackled by

adjustments in: d. all the above.

4. The main difference between nominal and real GDP is that:

a. real GDP is adjusted for price changes while nominal is not.

5. The main difference between a recession and a depression is that:

b. unemployment is higher and lasts longer during a depression.

6. If potential GDP is greater than actual GDP then:

c. there is probably some unemployment in the economy.

7. Policies directed at stimulating exports can influence: e. all of the above.

10. Unemployment, inflation, and the rate of growth of actual GDP are all examples of:

d. variables determined by the economy.

14. The aggregate supply curve is positively sloped in the short run because of:

c. output prices generally rising more quickly than input prices.

15. In a macroeconomic model of the economy, which of the following is most likely to be considered as anexogenous variable? b. Domestic exports.

18. If the AD schedule had shifted to the right in order to accommodate the OPEC oil shock, then:

b. output would have remained the same, albeit with higher prices.

1. The flow-of-product and earnings or cost approaches to GDP:

b. are two different ways of measuring the same thing.

2. The double-counting problem refers to:

a. the inclusion of both intermediate and final products in the calculation of GDP.

3. There would be double counting in the computation of GDP if statisticians were to sum the:

c. total output of iron ore and the total output of iron.

4. To compute a firm’s contribution to GDP on a value added basis, the value at market price of the goodsthat it has produced must be diminished by: e. none of the above.

5. Economic growth is always measured in real terms because:

d. the price level changes from year to year.

6. In GDP statistics, investment includes:

c. any increase in the amount of year-end inventories over inventories held at

the beginning of the year inquestion.

8. In NDP statistics, a negative investment figure:

b. could appear if the total of depreciation on buildings and equipment was

sufficiently large.

9. In GDP statistics, the value of housing services, the houses are occupied by their owners, is:

d. counted in GDP using an arbitrary estimate of rental valu

10. One of the five items listed below is not in the same class as the other four for purposes of national incomeaccounting. Which one? b. government transfer payments.

11. If you want to compute disposable personal income from NDP, one thing you must not do is:

a. deduct depreciation.

12. In computing the size of the government spending component of GDP, all government:

a. expenditures on commodities and services are counted.

14. If nominal GDP was $360 (billion) in 1992 and if the price level rose by 20 percent from 1990 to 1992,then the 1992 GDP, measured in 1990 prices, was (in billions): a. $300.

17. The consumer price index is in part based upon the share of income devoted to which of the followingmajor categories? e. all of the above.

1. The marginal propensity to consume is:

d. the ratio of a change in consumption to a change in income level at any income level.

2. At the break-even level of income: d. saving is equal to 0.

3. The break-even point on a family’s consumption function is the point at which:

b. its income equals its consumption.

4. The relationship between the marginal propensities to consume and to save holds that:

a. their sum must equal 1, since some fraction of marginal income must go to extra

consumptionspending and the remaining fraction to extra saving.

6. If people do not consume all their incomes and if they put the unspent amount into a bank, they are, innational income and product terms: a. saving but not investing.

15. The consumption function refers to:

d. a schedule showing the amount a family (or community) will spend on

consumption at different levelsof income.

16. According to the statistical evidence, which of the following characterizes the typical American family’sbehavior with respect to consumption?

d. A decreasing proportion of income is spent on consumption as income increases.

17. A family spends $2000 on consumption when its income is 0, and $6000 on consumption when itsincome is $6000. Assume that its consumption function is a straight line. This family’s marginal propensityto consume is: a. 2/3.

19. Permanent income can be best described as: d. the long-run trend in household income.

25. Investment spending does not include: d. the issuing of new stock.

1. Business cycles seem to be caused:

c. by factors of any type that mostly influence aggregate deman

2. Which of the following would you not expect to see during a period of recession?

e. Lower unemployment compensation payments.

6. If we look to any particular kind of spending as a key factor in accounting for the business cycle, we find it in: b. net investment, specifically spending on durable goods.

8. Statistically, the widest swings between peak and bottom of the business cycle are to found in:

c. the production of durables and capital goods.

9. The multiplier-accelerator theory focuses on the relationship between:

c. GDP and investment spending.

10. Which of the following would be considered as a supply shock to the economy?

d. all of the abov

13. The multiplies-accelerator theory:

a. suggests that business cycles may be self-generating.

14. Which of the terms below is not a component of aggregate demand?

e. all of the above terms are part of AD.

15. Which of the following expressions best describes the money-supply effect? d. As prices increase, the decline in the real money supply will affect aggregate demand.

1. Suppose that business firms change their plans and increase the total of their spending on new plant and equipment. The basic multiplier model would lead us to expect:

b. GDP and consumer spending to rise.

2. In the simplest Keynesian model with only consumption and investment contributing to aggregate demand, if the value of the marginal propensity to consume is 0.8, then the value of the multiplier must be: e. 5.0.

3. If an equilibrium level of GDP were altered by a reduction in planned investment spending, then we would expect to see GDP: c. fall and S fall also.

4. Assume that government spending and net exports are both zero. On a graph that plots spending against GDP, the intersection of the consumption function and a 45° line drawn up from

the origin necessarily indicates: e. none of the above, unless I happens to be zero.

5. Consider a simple economy with no government or trade. Actual GDP would then be above its equilibrium level if:

a. the amount that consumers planned to save exceeded the amount that

businesses and others planned to invest.

7. Suppose that the current level of GDP is $500 billion and that consumers wish to spend $390

billion ofthat $500 billion on consumption. Let the total amount of investment spending planned

be $120 billion.These figures indicate that GDP is:

b. out of equilibrium and will rise in the future.

19. Government spending is plotted as a horizontal line with respect to GDP because:

a. we assume, for simplicity, that G is independent of GDP.

20. The stimulative effect of a tax cut is smaller than an equivalent dollar increase in government spendingbecause: d. all the above.

21. When government spending changes, the effect on the economy is:

c. the same as a change in investment.

25. GDP is in equilibrium at its full-employment level. The federal government finds it necessary to increaseits expenditures on goods and services by $10 billion. It wants to increase taxes sufficiently

so that there willbe no more serious threat of inflation;i.e., it wants the net change in the

equilibrium level of GDP to be zero.The probable increase in tax collections needed will be:

a. more than $10 billion.

1. The major functions of the financial system are: e. A, B, and C.

2. The major financial instrument or assets are: e. A, B, and C.

3. What is the relationship between interest rates and asset prices? a. Inverse.

4. Assume that the money interest rate is 7 percent and that inflation is 2 percent.What is the real interestrate? c. 5 percent.

7. Suppose that a one-year bond pays $100 of interest plus the original principal of$2000 when the bondmatures. If market rates of interest are 8%, how much should you be willing to pay for this

bond? b. $1944.44.

10. The strictest definition of money, M1, includes: a. coins, currency, and demand deposits.

13. The essential difference between money and near-money is that:

a. money is directly spendable, whereas near-money is not.

23. Jackie deposits, in bank X, $10,000 in paper currency that has been hidden and out of

circulation for a longtime. The legal minimum reserve requirement for banks is 25percent of

deposits. Bank X is one among manybanks. Unless bank X is already short on reserves, this deposit

would enable the bank, if it wished, to increaseits loans by at least: b. $7500.

24. Assuming that the loan increase does not set off any increase of coins and paper currency in

hand-to-handcirculation, the deposit described in question 16 would enable the banking system to

increase its loans by amaximum of: d. $30,000.

1. The phrase “open-market operations” refers specifically to:

e. the Federal Reserve’s buying or selling government securities.

5. If the Federal Reserve System raises the discount rate, this act should be interpreted as part of a generalpolicy intended primarily to:

a. reduce the total of commercial-bank reserves.

9. If the Federal Reserve sells a large quantity of U.S. government securities to the public, it would bereasonable to conclude that this action is intended to:

b. decrease the total of loans made by commercial banks to their customers.

10. If the Federal Reserve buys a large quantity of U.S. government securities from the public, then:

a. the Federal Reserve liability in the form of bank reserve deposits will go up.

1. Suppose agricultural output requires only two inputs, labor and land. The quantity of land available isfixed; the quantity of labor is variable. Then, as labor quantity is increased in order to increase output quantity,the law of diminishing returns will begin to operate, and:

a. the ratio of labor to land will increase, but the ratio of land to output will

fall.

4. If the amount of capital employed increased while the amount of labor and other inputs stayedapproximately fixed, and if the capital-output ratio remained constant, then:

d. technological improvements must have been mad

5. A deepening of capital must, in the absence of technological change, eventually:

a. increase the capital-output ratio.

6. “Deepening of capital” means:

a. an increase in the stock of capital relative to the size of the labor force.

8. If a nation’s capital-output ratio gradually increases over time despite capital deepening, then:

e. the law of diminishing returns is operating with respect to capital’s

productivity.

9. According to Okun’s Law, if potenti al GDP rose by 9 percent between 1979 and 1982but actual GDP did not change, then unemployment should have climbed from 5.8 percent in 1979 to:

b. 10.3 percent.

11. Psychological studies indicate that being fired from a job is:

c. generally as upsetting as the death of a close frien

12. A person who is waiting to be recalled to a job would be classified as: b. unemployed.

15. The existence of involuntary unemployment:

b. depends critically upon the Keynesian assumption that wages do not fall in

response to excess supplyin the labor market.

2. Moderate inflation: e. is described by all the above.

3. Inflation can be associated with:

b. increasing or decreasing real GDP, depending upon its source.

4. One of the potential costs of unanticipated inflation is:

a. the redistribution of wealth from lenders to debtors.

6. Unbalanced and unanticipated inflation usually causes: e. none of the above.

宏观经济学期末考试重点

名词解释 1、宏观经济学的概念：宏观经济学是以国民经济总过程的活动为研究对象，着重考察和说明国民收入、就业水平、价格水平等经济总量是如何决定的、如何波动的，故又被称为总量分析或总量经济学。 2、充分就业：指的是工作机会与失业人口数量相同的状态。 3、GDP（国内生产总值）：一定时期内一国境内所产出的全部最终产品和服务的价值总和。 4、GNP（国民生产总值）：一国公民在一定时期内所产出的全部最终产品和服务的价值总和。 5、流量：特定的时间段中发生的经济量值。 6、存量：特定时点上现存的经济量值。 7、GDP、GNP的区别：GNP衡量的是一国公民的总产值，而不管生产的产值是从国内还是从国外获取的：GDP衡量的则是一国国境内所有产出的总产值，而不管其所有者是本国公民还是外国公民。 8、奥肯定律：描述失业率和GDP之间这一关系的经验规律称为奥肯定律。实际GDP变化的百分比=3%-2*失业率变化率 9、黄金率：在索洛模型中，长期消费水平最高的稳定资本存量被称为资本积累的“黄金水平率”，记作K g 10、费雪效应：通过费雪方程i=r+π可看出，通货膨胀率π和名义利率ｉ之间具有一对一的关系，即π上升一个百分点，ｉ也上升一个百分点，这一关系称为费雪效应。 11、ＩＳ曲线：是投资和储蓄的代称，代表在价格不变的情况下，产品市场达到均衡时，即投资等于储蓄，利率和收入之间的函数关系。 12、ＬＭ曲线：是流动性即货币的需求和货币供给的代称，代表货币市场的均衡，即货币需求等于货币供给。 13、牺牲率：反通货膨胀时期产量的总损失与由于反通货膨胀而赢得的通货膨胀率的降低百分数二者的比率，换句话说就是每降低1%的通货膨胀率必须降低的实际GDP的百分数。 14、时滞：政府在试图稳定宏观经济运时，其采取行动的时机以及这些政策行动的最终生效，往往会滞后于实际经济的运行，因而常常带来适得其反的效果。 15、时间不一致性：在特定时点上作出的相机抉择尽管在当时可能是理性选择，但从长期来看却往往适得其反的状况。 16、挤出效应：由于政府购买增加而使利率上升，从而导致私人投资下降的现象。 17、菲利普斯曲线：失业率与货币工资变化率之间的非线性逆向关系。 18、自动稳定器：在经济繁荣时期，实际收入Y会不断扩张，税收不断增加从而使预算赤字（盈余）不断减少（增加）；当经济衰退时，预算赤字（盈余）不断增加（减少）。这相当于在宏观经济中置放了一个自动稳定器。 19、通胀：普遍的、持续的价格上涨。价格上涨的百分比是通货膨胀率 20、凯恩斯失业：又称为周期性失业，是由于经济扩张步伐变慢或者经济周期而产生的失业。 21、铸币税：中央政府通过发行货币为其预算开支进行融资，融资导致物价水平上涨，公众手中货币实际购买力下降。因此发行货币以提高政府收入就如同向广大货币持有者征收了

宏观经济学期末答案

1
AS 曲线是描述什么达到均衡时，一个国家总产出水平与价格水平之间的关系曲线？
0.0 分
? A、
总供给
? ? B、
总需求
? ? C、
总产量
? ? D、
总消费
?
正确答案： A 我的答案：D 2
边际消费倾向的英文缩写是：
1.0 分
? A、
MPS
? ? B、
MPC

? ? C、
MC
? ? D、
MS
?
正确答案： B 我的答案：B 3
LM 曲线推导出来的结果是什么？
1.0 分
? A、
r=-m/h-k/hY
? ? B、
r=-m/h+k/hY
? ? C、
r=-m/h+khY
? ? D、
r=-mh+khY
?
正确答案： B 我的答案：B 4

货币主义流派认为任何一个国家无论经济如何发展都无法消除失业，这个失业率大概是多少？
1.0 分
? A、
0.02
? ? B、
0.05
? ? C、
0.07
? ? D、
0.11
?
正确答案： B 我的答案：B 5
在生产过程中，两个最重要的要素是资本和什么:
1.0 分
? A、
资源
? ? B、
器材

? ? C、
技术
? ? D、
劳动
?
正确答案： D 我的答案：D 6
货币学派认为在长期中，货币数量的增加会：
1.0 分
? A、
降低就业量
? ? B、
增加就业量
? ? C、
不确定
? ? D、
不影响就业量
?
正确答案： D 我的答案：D 7

宏观经济学选择题

D.新住宅的增加 A. 企业增加一笔存货 B.建造一座住宅 6. 用支出法核算 GDP 时，投资包括（ C ）43 A. 政府部门提供的诸如公路、桥梁等设施 C.企业购买一台计算机 D.以上都是 B ?购买一种新发行的普通股 D.消费者购买但当年未消费完的产品 A. 个人购买的小汽车 C ?个人购买的住房 B. 个人购买的游艇 D.个人购买的股票 A.企业新建厂房 B.建造一座住宅 C.企业增加的存货 D.以上都是 1. 用支出法计算国内生产总值（GDP ）时，企业用于存货的支出属于（B ）43 A .消费 B.投资 C.政府购买 D .净出口 2. 在用支出法计算国内生产总值（GDP ）时，本国国民购买私人住宅的支出属于（B ）43 A .消费 B.投资 C.政府购买 D .净出口 3. 在用支出法计算国民生产总值时，不属于投资的是（ A ）43 A ?通用汽车公司购买政府债券 B.通用汽车公司增加 500辆汽车的存货 C.通用汽车公司购买了一台机床 D ?通用汽车公司建立了另一条新装配线 4. 从经济学意义上讲，以下各项不属于投资的是（ A ）43 A. 人们购买土地 B.厂房增加 C.企业存货的增加 5. 经济学上的投资是指（ D ）43 7. 按支出法，应计入国内总投资的项目是（ C ）43 8. 下列各项属于投资的是（ D ）第二 1?国民生产总值（GNP ）包括（A ）47 A. 本国国民在本国和外国生产的最终产品的市场价值 B. 外国国民在本国和外国生产的最终产品的市场价值 C. 本国国民和外国国民在本国生产的最终产品的市场价值 D. 本国国民和外国国民在外国生产的最终产品的市场价值 2?国内生产总值是下面哪一项的市场价值（ D ） 29 A ?一年内一个经济中的所有交易 B. —年内一个经济中交换的所有商品和劳务 C. 一年内一个经济中交换的所有最终商品和劳务 D. —年内一个经济中生产的所有最终商品和劳务 3?国内生产总值是指（C ）29 A. 一国的所有国民在一特定时期内的总收入 B. —国居民在一特定时期内生产的所有商品和服务的货币价值总和扣去折旧部分 C. 一国居民在一特定时期内生产的所有商品和服务的货币价值总和 D. 一国居民在一特定时期内销售的所有商品和服务的货币价值总和 4?表示一国国民在一定时期内生产的所有最终产品和劳务的市场价值的总量指标是（ A ） 47 A. 国民生产总值 B.国内生产总值 C.名义国民生产总值 D. 实际国民生产总值 5?表示一个国家领土上居民在一定时期内生产的所有最终产品和劳务的市场价值的总量指标是（ B ） 29

经济学原理第7版(曼昆)宏观经济学复习重点

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