高中英语语法专练--- 名词与主谓一致
第一部分语法
第一章名词与主谓一致
1. 名词
名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词(Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：
1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。
2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。
3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。
4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：
||专有名词||
| 名|| 个体名词||
|||| 可数名词|
||| 集体名词||
||普通名词|||
| 词|| 物质名词||
|||| 不可数名词|
||| 抽象名词||
1.1 名词复数的规则变化
情况构成方法读音例词
__________________________________________________
一般情况加-s 1.清辅音后读/s/;map-maps
2.浊辅音和元音后bag-bags
读/z/;car-cars
___________________________________________________
以s,sh,ch,
x等结尾的词加-es读/iz/bus-buses
watch-watches
___________________________________________________
以ce,se,ze,
(d)ge等结尾
的词加-s读/iz/license-licenses
___________________________________________________
以辅音字母+y变y 为i
结尾的词再加es读/z/baby---babies
___________________________________________________
1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化
1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：
如：two Marys the Henrys
monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
比较：层楼：storey ---storeys story---stories
2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：
a. 加s，如：photo---photos piano---pianos
radio---radios zoo---zoos；
b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
c. 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes
3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：
a. 加s，如：belief---beliefs roof---roofs
safe---safes gulf---gulfs；
b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halves
knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves；
c. 均可,如：handkerchief:
handkerchiefs / handkerchieves
1.3 名词复数的不规则变化
1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意：与man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。
如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。
2）单复同形如：
deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese
li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin
但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。
如：people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说
a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。
如：The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：
a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。
b. news 是不可数名词。
c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜)trousers,clothes
若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair(对，双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼1.4 不可数名词量的表示
1）物质名词
a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。
比较：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。(不可数)
These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。(可数)
b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。
This factory produces steel.(不可数)
We need various steels.(可数)
c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。
Our country is famous for tea.
我国因茶叶而闻名。
Two teas, please.
请来两杯茶。
2）抽象名词有时也可数。
four freedoms 四大自由
the four modernizations四个现代化
物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。
如：
a glass of water 一杯水
a piece of advice一条建议
1.5 定语名词的复数
名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。
1) 用复数作定语。
如：sports meeting 运动会
students reading-room 学生阅览室
talks table 谈判桌
the foreign languages department 外语系
2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。
如：men workers women teachers
gentlemen officials
3) 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。
如：goods train (货车)
arms produce武器生产
customs papers 海关文件
clothes brush衣刷
4) 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。
如：two-dozen eggs两打/（二十四个鸡蛋)
a ten-mile walk 十里路
two-hundred trees 两百棵树
a five-year plan.一个五年计划
个别的有用复数作定语的，如： a seven-years child
1.6 不同国家的人的单复数
名称总称(谓语用复数）一个人两个人
中国人the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese
瑞士人the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss
澳大利亚人the an two
Australians Australian Australians
俄国人the Russians a Russian two Russians
意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians
希腊人the Greek a Greek two Greeks
法国人the French a Frenchman two
Frenchmen
日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese
美国人the Americans an American two Americans
印度人the Indians an Indian two Indians
加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians
德国人the Germans a Germans two Germans
英国人the English an Englishman two
Englishmen
瑞典人the Swedish a Swede two Swedes
1.7 名词的格
在英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下：
1）单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的书包，men's room 男厕所。
2）若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加"'"，如：the workers' struggle工人的斗争。
3）凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。
4）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's 理发店。
5）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。
如：John's and Mary's room（两间）John and Mary's room（一间）
6）复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。
如：a month or two's absence
15. 主谓一致
主谓一致是指：
1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，
一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。
There is much water in the thermos.
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
15.1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
Reading and writing are very important.
注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
典型例题
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C.。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B
15.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则
1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
2）当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
15.3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
He as well as I wants to go boating.
15.4 谓语需用单数
1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。
Each of us has a tape-recorder.
There is something wrong with my watch.
2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
<<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。
3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。)
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
Ten yuan is enough.
15.5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数
1）在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
All is right.(一切顺利。)
All are present.(所有人都到齐了。)
2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee 等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。
His family isn't very large.他家不是一个大家庭。
His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
Are there any police around?
3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。
A number of +名词复数+复数动词。
The number of +名词复数+单数动词。
A number of books have lent out.
The majority of the students like English.
15.6 与后接名词或代词保持一致
1）用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。
Most of his money is spent on books.
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
2）在一些短语，如many a 或more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
Many a person has read the novel.许多人都读过这本书。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。
第一章名词与主谓一致练习题
( )1.Tables are made of _______.
A. wood
B. woods
C. a wood
D. the wood
( )2.This is a ______ report.
A. three-thousand-words.
B. three-thousand-word
C. three-thousands-words
D. three-thousands-word
( )3.What a lot of _______ I have to finish today!
A. works
B. work
C. job
D. workings
( )4.Is there enough ________ for me in the car?
A. place
B. rooms
C. space
D. spaces
( )5.I'll need _______ about the climate before I make a final decision.
A. a few information
B. a few informations
C. a little information.
D. a little informations
( )6.Both of us are ______ and they are all_______.
A. Chineses, Englishmen
B. Chinese, English man
C. Chinese, Englishmen
D. Chinese, Englishmans
( )7.Father went to his doctor for ______ about his heart trouble.
A. an advice
B. advice
C. advices
D. the advices
( )8.All of the people here are ______.
A. maths teachers
B. math's teachers
C. maths teacher
D.maths's teachers
( )9.Jack is one of her_______.
A. boysfriends
B. boyfriends
C. boyfriend
D. boysfriend
( )10.Miss Smith is a friend of_________.
A. Mary's mother's
B. Mary's mother
C. mother's of Mary
D. Mary mother's
( )11.It is ______ for me to speak here.
A. an honor
B. the honor
C. my honor
D. great honor
( )12._______here are helpful.
A. The policeman
B. Police
C. Policemen
D. The police
( )13.These are ____and one of them is a yellow deer, those are ____ and one of them is a white sheep.
A. deer, sheep
B. deers, sheep
C. deer, sheeps
D. the deer, the sheeps ( )14.He said that two ______ would come to our villages the next day.
A. man's doctor
B. men doctors
C. men's doctor
D. men doctor
( )15._______is the largest of the continents of the world.
A. An Asia
B. Asia
C. A Asia
D. The Asia
( )16.There were two _____ and three _____ in the room.
A. pianoes, radios
B. pianos, radios
C. radioes, pianos
D. radios, pianoes
( )17.Tommy, with his mother and aunt _____ going to the concert.
A. are
B. is
C. is able to
D. dare not
( )18.Most of us are from ______.
A. the south
B. south
C. the southern
D. southern
( )19.Are you going to buy these red socks or those _______?
A. green
B. one's green
C. green ones
D. socks green ones
( )20.Not only you but also I ______ mistaken.
A. are
B. were
C. have
D. was
( )21.Neither Bill nor his parents ______ at home.
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. was
( )22.All that can be done _______.
A. has been done
B. have been done
C. have done
D. has done
( )23.Two hours ______ enough for us to finish the job.
A. are
B. has
C. is
D. was
( )24.I met one of the boys who _____ going to visit Japan the next month.
A. were
B. is
C. was
D. would
( )25.Everyone should do _____ duty.
A. one's
B. his
C. everyone's
D. their
( )26.My father began to learn English ________.
A. in the forty
B. in his fourties
C. in his forties
D. in his forty
( )27.About ______ of the students in this class are girls.
A. two-third
B. two-thirds
C. second-three
D. two-three
( )28.It took _____ an hour to do their housework.
A. Mr. Black
B. Mrs. Black
C. Black
D. the Blacks
( )29.Here _______ a new pair of shoes for you.
A. are
B. is
C. have
D. has
( )30.His parents as well as he _____ very kind to me.
A. is
B. was
C. be
D. are
( )31.The Chinese people ______ hard-working and brave.
A. are
B. is
C. has been
D. are being
( )32.All ______ present and all ______ going on well.
A. is, is
B. are, are
C. are, is
D. is, are
( )33.Yesterday the League secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
( )34.Either of the plans ______ equally dangerous.
A. are
B. is
C. has
D. have
( )35.Politics ______ in all schools.
A. is taught
B. are taught
C. has taught
D. have been taught ( )36.Three-fifths of the workers in the workshop ______ women.
A. are
B. is
C. was
D. being
( )37.Both Marx and Angels were ______.
A. Germans
B. Germen
C. from German
D. Germany
( )38.He is the only one of the students who ______ elected.
A. are
B. have
C. has
D. is
( )39.What we need ______ good textbooks.
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. has
( )40.The news he told ______ interesting.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. shall
( )41.______ were sitting at the table.
A. Turner
B. The Turner
C. Turners
D. The Turners ( )42.There are 11_______ in this hospital.
A. woman doctors
B. women doctors
C. woman's doctors
D. women's doctors ( )43.The _______ office room is near the reading-room.
A. teacher
B. teacher's
C. teachers'
D. teachers
( )44.There were three _____ on the table and in them were lots of _______.
A. dishes, tomato
B. dish, tomatoes
C. dishes, tomatoes
D. dish, tomato ( )45.Waking, running and horse-riding are all helpful forms of _______.
A. a sport
B. a game
C. match
D. exercise
( )46.We had ______ at the party last night.
A. a fun
B. great funs
C. a lot of fun
D. lots of funs
( )47.Everyone here, including children and old people, ______ fond of sports.
A. have
B. has
C. are
D. is
( )48.He said that the rest of the magazines ______ within half an hour.
A. is sold out
B. are sold out
C. was sold out
D. were sold out ( )49.Many a man ______ come to help us.
A. have
B. has
C. is
D. are
( )50.No one but her parents ______ it.
A. know
B. knows
C. is knowing
D. are knowing ( )51.This kind of car _____ made in Wuhan.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. has
( )52.It is about ______ ride from the school to my home.
A. two hours'
B. two hour
C. two hour's
D. two hour'
( )53.The husband didn't buy himself ______ but bought his wife ______.
A. many clothes, six dresses
B. six dresses, many clothes
C. six clothes, many dresses
D. many dressed, six clothes
( )54.—What is she? —She is _______.
A. a singer and a dancer
B. a singer and dancer
C. the singer and dancer
D. singer and dancer
( )55.What ______ is there in ______ this morning?
A. news, the papers
B. news, paper
C. the news, papers
D. the news, paper ( )56.What ______ it is to go skating there!
A. fun
B. a fun
C. funny thing
D. a funny
( )57.If these trousers are too long, buy a shorter______.
A. set
B. one
C. trouser
D. pair
( )58.______ shocked everyone present was ______ her spoken English was so perfect.
A. What, that
B. What, what
C. That, that
D. That, what
( )59.More than 30 people ______ in traffic accidents over the past few years.
A. were killed
B. have been killed
C. are killed
D. had been killed ( )60._______ in the newspaper yet?
A. Is it reported
B. Was it reported
C. Has it been reported
D. Would it be reported ( )61.Great changes ______ in the past ten years in China.
A. were taken place
B. took place
C. have taken place
D. have been taken place ( )62.The film ______ for half an hour when we got to the cinema.
A. had started
B. started
C. had begun
D. had been on
( )63.There are ______ books on the subject in our school library.
A. a great deal
B. a good any of
C. a large number
D. a great many ( )64.There _______ no hospital in our town in the past.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
( )65.The old man ______ a walk along the river after supper.
A. was used to take
B. was used taking
C. used to take
D. used to taking ( )66.—I've just got a pass in the entrance examination. —_________
A. Really ?
B. With great pleasure.
C. Congratulations.
D. So you have. ( )67.The dress her mother bought ______ her.
A. did not fit for
B. was not fit
C. fits
D. is very fit
( )68.The teacher walked into the classroom, _______.
A. with a ruler under his arm
B. with a ruler ender arm
C. ruler under his arm.
D. with ruler under arm
( )69.She seldom showed her classroom, _______.
A. did her
B. didn't she
C. wasn't she
D. did she
( )70.His grandfather _______ for 10 years.
A. had died
B. has died
C. has been dead D .died
( )71._______ writes very well.
A. This your pen
B. This pen of you
C. Your this pen
D. This pen of yours ( )72.It is ______ months since I left the company.
A. a great many
B. a much many of
C. a lot
D. many a
( )73.Have you got _______ rooms in this hotel?
A. a small
B. enough
C. a plenty of
D. two hundreds of ( )74._______ English _______ French are taught in this school.
A. Both, and
B. Either, or
C. Both of, and
D. Not only, but also ( )75.The visitors will stay here for ______ days.
A. many two
B. two more
C. more two
D. other two
第一章名词与主谓一致
1.A
2.B
3.B
4.C
5.C
6.C
7.B
8.A
9.B 10.A
11.A 12.D 13.A 14.B 15.B 16.B 17.B 18.A 19.C 20.D
21.B 22.A 23.C 24.A 25.B 26.C 27.B 28.D 29.B 30.D
31.A 32.C 33.B 34.B 35.A 36.A 37.A 38.D 39.B 40.B
41.D 42.B 43.C 44.C 45.D 46.C 47.D 48.D 49.B 50.B
51.B 52.A 53.A 54.B 55.A 56.A 57.D 58.A 59.B 60.C
61.C 62.D 63.D 64.B 65.C 66.C 67.C 68.A 69.D 70.C
71.D 72.A 73.B 74.A 75.B
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