110例专四真题阅读长难句分析

2015年专四阅读真题长难句分析

TEXT A

1. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you’re looking at.

【分析】本句为主从复合句。主句主干为Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses…。而that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you’re looking at是定语从句，修饰先行词eyeglasses。而这个定语从句中又包含一个宾语从句whoever you’re looking at。

【译文】据传闻，谷歌正在研制的眼镜甚至有朝一日可能会记住你所看过的所有人的面孔并提供细节。

2. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find information again later on, we don’t remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable.

【分析】本句为主从复合句。主句主干为A second revelation is…, 后面是一个表语从句。而该表语从句中又包含一个时间状语从句when we expect to be able to find information again later on，逗号后为该句的主句，而在其中又包含另一个时间状语从句when we think it might become unavailable，而该从句中又有宾语从句it might become unavailable。

【译文】第二，当我们想到以后能再次找到信息的时候，就不像认为信息可能找不到的时候那样很好地记住它了。

3. And then there is the researchers’ final observation: the expectation that we’ll able to locate information down the lines leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we’ll be able to find it.

【分析】本句分为两部分：第一部分为冒号前的简单句，第二部分为主从复合句。第二部分的主干为the expectation...leads us to...。expectation之后为同位语从句that we’ll a ble to locate information down the lines。而从句where we’ll be able to find it是介词of的宾语。

【译文】研究的最后一个发现是，将会在网上再次定位到信息的预期让我们不会对信息事实本身形成记忆，反而记住了我们在哪里能再次找到它。

TEXT B

1. Assigned to my team that day was an attending—a senior faculty member who was there mostly to ma ke patients feel they weren’t in the hands of amateurs.

【分析】本句为倒装句。由于将分词assigned提前，故句子中主谓进行了完全倒装，正常的顺序应该是an attending was assigned to my team that day。破折号之后的内容起解释说明的作用，由多个从句组成。定语从句who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren’t in the hands of amateurs修饰名词短语a senior faculty member，而该从句中又包含宾语从句they weren’t in the hands of amateurs，作feel的宾语。

译文: 分配到我们那组的是一位主治医生——院里的一位资深职员，他在这里的主要作用是让病人感到自己并没有落到外行人手里。

2. This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what’s particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists.

【分析】本句为并列句。由并列转折词but连接。第一个并列分句为简单句，而第二个分句中则包含两个从句：主语从句what’s particularly frustrating和表语从句that the same medical education system persists。

【译文】近三十年来这个失误一直萦绕在我脑际，但尤其令人失望的是同样的医疗教育体制还在延续。

TEXT C

1. But some states—Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama, to name just a few—seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.

【分析】主句主干为some states seem to have missed the message。句中Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama和to name just a few是插入语，that smoking is deadly 是同位语从句，修饰message。

【译文】但是有一些州，比如说肯塔基州、南达科塔州和阿拉巴马州，似乎对吸烟是致命的这一信息一无所知。

2. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then.

【分析】主句主干为Its finding was major news。句中that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases是同位语从句，修饰finding。

【译文】该报告发现吸烟是导致肺癌和其他疾病的诱因，这在当时成了重大新闻。

3.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking.

【分析】主句主干为The report led to…。句中that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking是定语从句，修饰movement。

【译文】该报告使得香烟警告标识应运而生，电视香烟广告也被禁播，并最终酿就了一场禁烟运动，改变了整个国家对吸烟的态度。

TEXT D

1. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and regardless of what is practical.

【分析】主句主干为spoiling is done。when a child is given everything…是时间状语从句。其中that they want是定语从句，修饰先行词everything；regardless of what they need and regardless of what is practical是两个并列的让步状语，该让步状语中又分别包含了一个what引导的宾语从句作of的宾语。

【译文】溺爱指的是不管孩子需要什么，也不管他们需要的东西是否实用，都会给予他们一切。

2. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child has need for comfort and love, it is our job to provide those things.

【分析】主句主干为we pick up our babies and we respond to the tears of our older children。句中when they cry是时间状语从句；because we believe firmly that...是原因状语从句，其中that comfort is free, love is free, and tha t…是believe的两个并列的宾语从句，第二个宾语从句中又包含了一个when引导的时间状语从

句when a child has need for comfort and love。

【译文】我们在宝宝哭的时候抱起他们，我们会对我们稍大一点的孩子的泪水给予回应，是因为我们坚信，安慰是免费的，关爱是免费的，当一个孩子需要安慰和关爱时，提供给他们是我们的职责。

3. We hold our children through them and teach them that when they are hurt or frustrated we are here to comfort them and help them work through their emotions. 【分析】主句主干为we hold our children through them and teach them。句中that when they are hurt or frustrated we are here to comfort them and help them work through their emotions是teach的宾语从句，其中又包含了一个when引导的时间状语从句when they are hurt or frustrated。

【译文】我们抱着我们的孩子并且教导他们，当他们受到伤害或挫折时，我们会在这里安慰他们，帮助他们解决自己的情绪问题。

２０１４年专四阅读真题长难句分析

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１．Ｔｈｉｓｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｅｄｏｆａｌａｒｇｅ，ｌｏｎｇｒｏｏｍａｔｏｐｐｏｓｉｔｅｅｎｄｓｏｆｗｈｉｃｈｔｗｏｕｎｄｅｒ－ｍａｓｔｅｒｓｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄｔｈｅｓｅｃｏｎｄａｎｄｔｈｉｒｄｆｏｒｍｓ，ａｎｄｏｆａｓｍａｌｌｅｒｏｎｅ，ｌｅａｄｉｎｇｏｕｔｏｆｉｔ，ｕｓｅｄｂｙＭｒ．Ｗａｔｓｏｎ，ｗｈｏｔａｕｇｈｔｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｆｏｒｍ．（Ｐａｒａ．１）

【分析】本句为复合句。本句的主干是Ｔｈｉｓｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｅｄｏｆａｌａｒｇｅ，ｌｏｎｇｒｏｏｍ…，ａｎｄｏｆａｓｍａｌｌｅｒｏｎｅ…。ａｔｏｐｐｏｓｉｔｅｅｎｄｓｏｆｗｈｉｃｈｔｗｏｕｎｄｅｒ－ｍａｓｔｅｒｓｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄｔｈｅｓｅｃｏｎｄａｎｄｔｈｉｒｄｆｏｒｍｓ是一个“介词短语＋ｗｈｉｃｈ”引导的定语从句的结构，修饰名词ｒｏｏｍ；而ｗｈｏｔａｕｇｈｔｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｆｏｒｍ修饰说明Ｍｒ．Ｗａｔｓｏｎ，而ｌｅａｄｉｎｇｏｕｔｏｆｉｔ，ｕｓｅｄｂｙＭｒ．Ｗａｔｓｏｎ则用于修饰代词ｏｎｅ。

【译文】学校有一间又大又长的房间，在房间的两头分别有两位副校长，指挥二年级和三年级，另一个通往校外的小一点的房间，则由华生先生使用，他教一年级。

２．Ｔｈｅｏｌｄｂｏｙｓｒａｎｆｒｏｍｗａｌｌｔｏｗａｌｌｗｈｉｌｅｔｈｅｎｅｗｂｏｙｓｔｒｉｅｄｔｏｃａｔｃｈｔｈｅｍ：ｗｈｅｎｏｎｅｗａｓｓｅｉｚｅｄａｎｄｔｈｅｍｙｓｔｉｃｗｏｒｄｓｓａｉｄ—ｏｎｅ，ｔｗｏ，ｔｈｒｅｅ，ａｎｄａｐｉｇｆｏｒｍｅ—ｈｅｂｅｃａｍｅａｐｒｉｓｏｎｅｒａｎｄ，ｔｕｒｎｉｎｇｓｉｄｅｓ，ｈｅｌｐｅｄｔｏｃａｔｃｈｔｈｏｓｅｗｈｏｗｅｒｅｓｔｉｌｌｆｒｅｅ．（Ｐａｒａ．２）

【分析】本句为复合句。冒号之前是句子的主干，其中包含ｗｈｉｌｅ引导的时间状语从句；冒号之后是对前面主句的解释，为复合句，其主干为ｈｅｂｅｃａｍｅａｐｒｉｓｏｎｅｒａｎｄ…ｈｅｌｐｅｄｔｏｃａｔｃｈｔｈｏｓｅ…。ｗｈｅｎｏｎｅｗａｓｓｅｉｚｅｄａｎｄｔｈｅｍｙｓｔｉｃｗｏｒｄｓｓａｉｄ—ｏｎｅ，ｔｗｏ，ｔｈｒｅｅ，ａｎｄａｐｉｇｆｏｒｍｅ为冒号后句子的时间状语从句，ｗｈｏｗｅｒｅｓｔｉｌｌｆｒｅｅ为定语从句，修饰限定代词ｔｈｏｓｅ。

【译文】老生从一面墙跑向另一面墙，而新生试着抓住他们。如果抓住了一个，就会说出密语——一、二、三，我抓到一只猪——然后被抓住的人就成了囚徒，变成另一边的人，帮着抓那些自由的人。

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１．Ｆｒｅｓｈｍｅｎａｒｅｓｈｏｗｉｎｇｕｐａｌｒｅａｄｙｓｔｒｅｓｓｅｄｏｕｔ，ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｌａｔｅｓｔｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｓｔｕｄｙｔｈａｔｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ’ｅｍｏｔｉｏｎａｌｈｅａｌｔｈｌｅｖｅｌｓａｔｔｈｅｉｒｌｏｗｅｓｔｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｓｕｒｖｅｙｓｔａｒｔｅｄｉｎ１９８５．（Ｐａｒａ．２）

【分析】本句主句为简单句，主干为Ｆｒｅｓｈｍｅｎａｒｅｓｈｏｗｉｎｇｕｐ…。其后的介词短语中包含ｌ两个从句，第一个从句是ｔｈａｔ引导的定语从句，修饰ｓｔｕｄｙ，该从句中又包含状语从句ｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｓｕｒｖｅｙｓｔａｒｔｅｄｉｎ１９８５。

【译文】根据一项最新的研究，大学新生已经开始表现得压力重重，这项研究报告了自１９８５年调查开展以来，学生情绪健康水平处于最低点的情况。

２．Ｉｆａｎｙａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆｓｔｒｅｓｓｉｓｌｅｆｔｕｎｃｈｅｃｋｅｄ，ｍａｎｙｔｈｉｎｇｓｃａｎｏｃｃｕｒｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｂｏｄｙ，ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｐｒｅｍａｔｕｒｅａｇｉｎｇ，ｉｍｐａｉｒｅｄｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｖｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅｎｅｒｇｙｄｒａｉｎ．（Ｐａｒａ．５）

【分析】本句为复合句。为ｉｆ引导的条件状语从句，其后为主句。ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ引导的介词短语用来说明ｍａｎｙｔｈｉｎｇｓ。

【译文】如果一部分压力被置之不理，体内会出现很多情况，包括早衰、脑部功能损伤和精力衰竭。

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１．Ｐａｒｔｏｆｗｈａｔ’ｓｄｒｉｖｉｎｇｔｈｅｔｅｘｔｉｎｇｓｕｒｇｅａｍｏｎｇａｄｕｌｔｓｉｓｔｈｅｐｏｐｕｌａｒｉｔｙｏｆｓｏｃｉａｌｍｅｄｉａ．（Ｐａｒａ．３）

【分析】本句为复合句。主句主干结构为Ｐａｒｔｏｆ…ｉｓｔｈｅｐｏｐｕｌａｒｉｔｙｏｆｓｏｃｉａｌｍｅｄｉａ。ｗｈａｔ引导的从句为介词ｏｆ的宾语，从句的主语是ｗｈａｔ，谓语是ｉｓｄｒｉｖｉｎｇ。

【译文】成年人短信使用频率猛增的部分原因是社交媒体的流行。

２．Ｔｈｅｐｈｏｎｅｃｏｍｅｓｉｎｔｏｐｌａｙｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｏｐｔｉｏｎｓｔｏｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｏｒｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎｓｔｏｂｅｍａｄｅ．（Ｐａｒａ．７）

【分析】本句为复合句。主句主干结构为ｔｈｅｐｈｏｎｅｃｏｍｅｓｉｎｔｏｐｌａｙ，ｗｈｅｎ引导的时间状语从句为ｔｈｅｒｅｂｅ句型，其中两个不定式短语ｔｏｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒ和ｔｏｂｅｍａｄｅ分别作后置定语，修饰并列主语ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｏｐｔｉｏｎｓ和ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎｓ。

【译文】当有多种选择需要考虑或者有重要决定需要做出的时候，打电话就开始发挥作用了。

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１．Ｈｅｗｏｕｌｄｒａｔｈｅｒｂｅａｐｌｕｍｂｅｒ’ｓｍａｔｅａｎｄｄｏａｒｅａｌｊｏｂｔｈａｔｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｓｄｏｉｎｇｔｈａｎｌｅａｒｎａｂｏｕｔｈｙｄｒｏｓｔａｔｉｃｓｓｉｔｔｉｎｇａｔａｄｅｓｋ，ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｗｈａｔｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌｕｓｅｔｈｅｙａｒｅｇｏｉｎｇｔｏｂｅ．

【分析】本句为复合句。主句主干结构为Ｈｅｗｏｕｌｄｒａｔｈｅｒｂｅ…ａｎｄｄｏａｒｅａｌｊｏｂ。其中ｗｏｕｌｄｒａｔｈｅｒ…ｔｈａｎ…的意思为“宁愿……也不愿……”。现在分词短语ｓｉｔｔｉｎｇａｔａｄｅｓｋ和介词短语ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ…都是作伴随状语，用来修饰ｌｅａｒｎ。ｗｈａｔ引导的从句作动名词ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ的宾语。

【译文】男孩宁愿做管道工的助手，去从事一份需要实干的工作，也不愿坐在桌旁学习流体静力学，却不去了解其实际用途。

２．Ｔｈｅｇｒｅａｔａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｏｆｔｈｉｓｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｓｔｈａｔｉｔｌｅｔｓｔｈｅａｐｐｒｅｎｔｉｃｅｓｅｅｔｈｅｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｂｅｆｏｒｅｈｅｓｅｔｓｔｏｗｏｒｋｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇｈｏｗｔｏｓｏｌｖｅｔｈｅｍ，ａｎｄｈｅｃａｎｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅｔａｋｅａｍｏｒｅｉｎｔｅｌｌｉｇｅｎｔｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｈｉｓｔｈｅｏｒｅｔｉｃａｌｗｏｒｋ．

【分析】本句为复合句。主句主干结构为Ｔｈｅｇｒｅａｔａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｏｆｔｈｉｓｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｓ…。ｔｈａｔ引导的表语从句主干结构为ｉｔｌｅｔｓｔｈｅａｐｐｒｅｎｔｉｃｅｓｅｅｔｈｅｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ…ａｎｄｈｅｃａｎｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅｔａｋｅａｍｏｒｅｉｎｔｅｌｌｉｇｅｎｔｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ…，其中第一个分句含有一个ｂｅｆｏｒｅ引导的时间状语从句，而ｈｏｗｔｏｓｏｌｖｅｔｈｅｍ为“疑问词＋不定式”的结构，作ｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇ的宾语。

【译文】该系统制度的最大优点是它让学徒先看到实际的问题，然后才开始学习如何解决它们问题，因此他才能对其理论工作产生更加理智的兴趣。

2013年专四真题阅读长难句分析

TEXT A

1.When the leaders met in Copenhagen in December2009,persuasive words from activists encouraged them to commit themselves to firmer action.

【分析】本句为主从复合句。主句为persuasive words...encouraged them to commit themselves to firmer action。其中from activists作后置定语修饰words。When引导时间状语从句，修饰主句谓语encouraged发生的时间。

【译文】2009年12月各国领导人在哥本哈根会晤时，活动家们的劝导性话语鼓励他们投身于更加坚定的行动中。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/1512784378.html,rmative speeches from World Health Organization officials helped people to keep their panic under control so they could take sensible precautions.

【分析】本句为因果关系并列句。第一个分句位于so前，主干为：Informative speeches... helped people to keep their panic under control，其中from World Health Organization officials 作后置定语修饰speeches。第二个分句主干为：they could take sensible precautions。

【译文】世界卫生组织官员的发言提供了有用信息，有效缓解了人们的恐慌情绪，进而使他们能够采取切合实际的预防措施应对疾病。

3.Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting.

【分析】本句为转折关系并列复合句。第一个分句位于but前，主干为：Sad events are never easy to deal with。第二个分句主干为：a speech...can be comforting，其中包含一个that引导的后置定语从句that pays tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for their contribution，修饰speech。

【译文】处理令人悲痛的事件总是很棘手，但是对逝去的所爱之人表达敬意、赞扬他们所做贡献的话语能够起到抚慰作用。

4.Or you might be asked to introduce a speaker at a family event or to speak at a wedding,where your language will be needed to move people or make them laugh.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句为：you might be asked to introduce a speaker at a family event or to speak at a wedding。Where引导地点状语从句，修饰a family event和a wedding。

【译文】或者你有可能被要求在家庭活动中去介绍一名发言者，也可能被要求在婚礼上发言，在这些场合你的语言需要感动在场的人或使他们开怀大笑。

TEXT B

1.Alden then started designing headphones into helmets,backpacks—anywhere that would make it easy to listen to music while snowboarding.

【分析】本句为主从复合句。主句为Alden then started designing headphones into helmets, backpacks。破折号后面的anywhere是helmets,backpacks的同位语，that引导的定语从句修饰anywhere。

【译文】接着，奥尔登开始将耳机设计进头盔、背包——任何一处能够使滑雪时方便听音乐的地方。

2.Alden’s fears faded as Skullcandy became the No.1headphone seller in those stores and tripled its revenue to$120million in one year.

【分析】本句为主从复合句。主句为Alden’s fears faded。As引导原因状语从句，该从句中由and连接两个并列谓语。

【译文】随着骷髅糖果耳机成为那些商店里的销售冠军，其收益在一年内增长两倍达到1.2亿美元，奥尔登的顾虑也消退了。

3.“In the beginning,”he says,“that little white wire that said you had an iPod—that was cool.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，直接引语部分主句为：that little white wire...was cool。其中that said you had an iPod作后置定语，修饰white wire。

【译文】“最初”，他说道，“那条白色细线证明你有一部iPod播放器——这是很酷的......

TEXT C

1.Since Bernie Madoff’s arrest on charges of running a$65million Ponzi scheme,I’ve read many articles about how we investors should have known what was going on.

【分析】本句为主从复合句。主句主干为I’ve read articles。about how we investors should have known what was going on部分作后置定语修饰articles。Since引导时间状语从句，其中on charges of running a$65million Ponzi scheme作后置定语修饰arrest。

【译文】自从伯纳德?麦道夫因被指控操纵6,500万美元的庞氏骗局而被捕以来，我已经读了很多关于我们投资者该知道局势如何的文章。

2.If you could have your money back right now,but it would mean giving up what you have learned by losing it,would you take the money or would you take what losing the money has given you?

【分析】本句为主从复合句。主句为一个or连接的并列句结构：would you take the money or would you take what losing the money has given you。If引导条件状语从句，其中包含一个but 引导的并列从句表转折。

【译文】如果你现在可以马上收回自己的钱，但是这同时意味着要放弃你从失去这些钱中所学到的东西，你是要这些钱呢，还是选择失去钱带给你的教训呢？

3.But the other four all said that what they were seeing about themselves was incalculable,and they didn’t think it would have become apparent without the ground of financial stability being ripped out from underneath them.

【分析】本句为并列复合句，第一个分句主句为：the other four all said，其中包含一个that 引导的宾语从句。第二个分句为：they didn’t think it would have become apparent，其中without the ground of financial stability being ripped out from underneath them作条件状语。

【译文】但是，其余的四个人都说道，他们对自身的看法是不可预料的，而且他们认为直到他们赖以生存的经济稳定根基被拔除，这才会变得明显。

TEXT D

1.People can change their lives,but ordering change is not simple because many things,even within ourselves,are beyond our direct control.

【分析】本句为并列复合句。第一个分句主干为：People can change their lives。第二个分句主干是：ordering change is not simple because...，该分句是一个主从复合句，because引导原因状语从句，其中even within ourselves作后置定语修饰things。

【译文】人们能够改变自己的生活，但是规则改变却并非易事，因为很多东西。甚至包括我们自身的一些东西，都不在我们直接控制的范围之内。

2.To be an effective person,under this model,you are supposed to coolly examine your own unconscious habits,and the habits of those under your care.

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为：you are supposed to examine...habits...。To be an effective person作目的状语，under this model作方式状语。

【译文】在这种模式下，要想成为高效的人，你应该冷静地分析自己的无意识习惯，以及你所在意的那些习惯。

3.They are burned in by emotion and strengthened by strong yearnings,like the yearnings for admiration and righteousness.

【分析】本句为简单句，句子主干为They are burned in...。like the yearnings for admiration and righteousness作插入语。

【译文】它们通过情感留下印象，通过诸如对赞美和正义等强烈的渴望来加以强化。

4.If you think you can change your life in a clever way,the way an advertiser can get you to buy an air freshener,you’re probably wrong.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句为：you’re probably wrong。If you think you can change your life in a clever way是条件状语从句表假设，其中the way an advertiser can get you to buy an air freshener做后置定语修饰上文clever way。

【译文】如果你认为你可以以一种聪明的方式改变自己的生活，诸如广告商能说服你购买空气清新剂的方式，你就很可能错了。

2012年专四真题阅读长难句分析

TEXT A

1.“Ta”,originated from the Danish word“tak”,was the second-most popular expression of thanks,and is also commonly used in informal situations,along with phrases such as“nice one”, and“brilliant”.

【分析】本句为并列宾语句，句子主干结构为“Ta”was the second-most popular expression of thanks,and is also used in informal situations。originated from the Danish word“tak”作后置定语修饰“Ta”；along with phrases such as“nice one”,and“brilliant”作伴随状语。【译文】从丹麦语“tak”演变而来的俚语“ta（谢谢）”，是受欢迎程度位居第二的答谢用语，它和其他诸如“nice one（你真好）”和“brilliant（太棒了）”等表达一样经常在非正式场合中使用。

2.For example,words like“awesome”,“brilliant”and“you star”featured highly in the new poll and they can hint at both your pleasure at someone’s action,as well as serving to express your thanks.

【分析】本句为and引导的并列复合句。两个分句的主干分别为：words featured highly in the new poll和they can hint at both your pleasure at someone’s action,as well as serving to express your thanks。其中第一个分句中的like“awesome”,“brilliant”and“you star”作后置定语修饰words。第二个分句中的并列结构both...as well as...表示“既......又......”。

【译文】例如，像是“awesome（真了不起）”、“brilliant（太棒了）”和“you star（你真棒）”等词组在最新的调查中表现突出，它们既可以表示你对某人的行为感到高兴，同时还可以表达你的谢意。

TEXT B

1.The worst may be behind them now,but the shocking losses of the past few years have reshaped nearly every facet of their lives—how they live,work,and spend—even the way they think about the future.

【分析】本句是由but连接的并列复合句。句子主干结构为The worst may be behind them,but the losses have reshaped every facet of their lives。其中of the past few years作后置定语修饰the shocking losses；how they live,work,and spend—even the way they think about the future作every facet of their lives的同位语，解释说明every facet的具体内容。

【译文】现在或许还不到他们最糟糕的时候，但是过去几年里那令人震惊的损失已经彻底改变了他们生活的方方面面——他们的生活、工作和消费——甚至他们思考未来的方式。

2.For Cindy,the recession began when her husband was relocated to Rhinelander,Wisconsin,by his company,forcing the family to move in a hurry.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句主干为the recession began；when引导时间状语从句，从句主干为her husband was relocated to Rhinelander,Wisconsin,by his company；其中forcing the family to move in a hurry作was relocated的伴随状语。

【译文】对于辛迪而言，经济萧条的影响开始于她丈夫被公司调动到位于威斯康星州的莱茵兰德的时候，这迫使他们一家人匆忙搬迁。

3.But to stretch her budget,she began putting in vegetables and fruit—everything from strawberry beds to apple trees—and as her first seedlings grew,her spirits lifted.

【分析】本句为and连接的并列复合句。句子主干为she began putting in vegetables and fruit and her spirits lifted。第一个分句中But to stretch her budget作目的状语，everything from

strawberry beds to apple trees作fruit的同位语，起补充说明的作用；第二个分句中as her first seedlings grew为伴随状语从句。

【译文】但是，为了节约预算，她开始种植蔬菜和水果——从栽草莓到种苹果树，什么都有——随着第一批播种植物的生长，她的精神劲头也足了。

TEXT C

1.For those fresh out of university,desperate for work but unable to get it,there is a big imbalance between supply and demand.

【分析】本句为简单句，存在状语前置现象。句子主干结构为there is a big imbalance between supply and demand for those...。fresh out of university,desperate for work but unable to get it作后置定语修饰those。For以及后面的宾语所构成的介宾结构在句中作状语。

【译文】对于那些刚走出大学、迫切渴望工作却又得不到的毕业生而言，供求之间存在着强烈的不平衡。

2.Of course,it is easy to blame the Government and,in particular,the target that Labour has long trumpeted—50per cent of school-leavers in higher education.

【分析】本句为复合句。主句结构为it is easy to blame the Government and the target。Labour has long trumpeted为that引导的定语从句；50per cent of school-leavers in higher education是target的同位语。

【译文】当然，责备政府，尤其是工党早就鼓吹的目标——高等教育毕业生达到50%的就业率——是很容易的。

TEXT D

1.It was on Nov4,1923,that British archaeologist Howard Carter stumbled on a stone at the base of the tomb of another pharaoh in Luxor that eventually led to a sealed doorway.

【分析】本句为It is...that...强调句。句子主干结构为Howard Carter stumbled on a stone。It was on Nov4,1923是时间状语前置表强调；British archaeologist作定语修饰Howard Carter；at the base of another pharaoh in Luxor作地点状语修饰a stone；that eventually led to a sealed doorway 作后置定语修饰a stone。

【译文】那是1923年11月4日，英国考古学家霍华德·卡特在路克索市另一法老的墓基处偶然发现了一块石头，最后这块石头把他引向了一条封闭的通道。

2.Months after my trip to Egypt,I can relive the rush of emotion I felt and sense the hush that descended on the crammed Cairo museum’s Tutankhamen gallery.

【分析】本句为简单句，句子主干为I can relive the rush of emotion...and sense the hush...。Months after my trip to Egypt作时间状语；that descended on the crammed Cairo museum’s Tutankhamen gallery作后置定语修饰the hush。

【译文】在埃及之旅数月后，我还能重温到当时奔涌的情绪，并感受到降临到拥挤的开罗博物馆图坦卡门长廊的静寂。

2011年专四真题阅读长难句分析

TEXT A

1.There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention span—that we will be incapable of reading anything of length or which requires deep

concentration.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句主干为There is the danger。而that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention span和that we will be incapable of reading anything of length or which requires deep concentration均为danger的同位语从句，两者互为因果关系。【译文】风险在于，互联网的高速连接会减少我们的注意力持续时间，从而导致我们不能够阅读长篇论著，或是阅读需要高度集中注意力的书籍。

2.In such a fast-changing world,in which reality seems to be remade each day,we need the ability to focus and understand what is happening to us.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句主干为we need the ability。in which reality seems to be remade each day是world的定语从句；不定式结构to focus and understand what is happening to us是ability的后置定语；名词性从句what is happening to us作understand的宾语。

【译文】在这样一个飞速变化的世界，现实世界似乎每天都在被重塑，因此，我们要能够集中注意力，从而理解正发生在我们身上的事情。

3.Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility of someone utterly in tune with modern technology but able to make sense of a dynamic,confusing world.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句主干为Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility。而utterly in tune with modern technology和able to make sense of a dynamic,confusing world均是someone的后置定语。

【译文】我们的社会需要让人们能够想象这种可能性，那就是，有人既能够完全适应现代技术，又能够理解这个动态的、让人困惑的世界。

TEXT B

1.I know when the snow melts and the first robins(知更鸟)come to call,when the laughter of children returns to the parks and playgrounds,something wonderful is about to happen.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主干为I know something is about to happen。其中when the snow melts and the first robins come to call,when the laughter of children returns to the parks and playgrounds,something wonderful is about to happen为know的宾语从句，其中something wonderful is about to happen是宾语从句的主句，而when引导时间状语从句。

【译文】我知道，当积雪融化时，当知更鸟开始鸣叫时，当孩子们的笑声重新回荡在公园和游乐场里时，奇妙的事情就要发生了。

2.Asking the family to spend the weekend collecting winter dog piles from the melting snow in the backyard is like announcing there will be no more Wi-Fi.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句主干为Asking the family...is like announcing...。Asking the family to spend the weekend collecting winter dog piles from the melting snow in the backyard为动名词结构，作整个句子的主语，而there will be no more Wi-Fi是announcing的宾语从句。【译文】要求家人周末时从后院融化的积雪里整理冬天堆积起来的无用的东西就像宣布不再有Wi-Fi一样。

3.Newly wakened from our winter’s hibernation(冬眠),yet still needing extra blankets at night, we open our windows to the first fresh air floating on the breeze and all of the natural world demanding“Awake and be clean!”

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句为we open our windows。分词短语Newly wakened from our winter’s hibernation,yet still needing extra blankets at night作伴随状语。floating on the breeze 是air的后置定语；而demanding“Awake and be clean!”是all of the natural world的伴随状语。

【译文】我们刚刚从冬眠状态中被唤醒，但夜里仍需额外加盖毯子。我们打开窗户，呼吸微风吹来的新鲜空气，世间万物都在提醒我们：“醒醒，该打扫了”。

4.Biologists offer a theory about this primal impulse to clean out every drawer and closet in the house at spring’s first light,which has to do with melatonin,the sleepytime hormone(激素)our bodies produce when it’s dark.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句为Biologists offer a theory。不定式结构to clean out every drawer and closet in the house at spring’s first light是impulse的后置定语；which has to do with melatonin是impulse的定语从句；the sleepytime hormone our bodies produce when it’s dark是melatonin的同位语。

【译文】生物学家为这一冲动提供了理论解释，在春天的第一道曙光里，清理房子里每个抽屉和橱柜的冲动与光线暗淡时身体产生的褪黑激素，即睡觉时产生的激素，有关。

5.Seeing my adult son willingly cleaning that dirty bathtub gives me hope for the future of his 12-year-old brother who,instead of working,is found to be sleeping in the seat of the window he is supposed to be cleaning.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句为Seeing my adult son...gives me hope。其中动名词结构Seeing my adult son...作整个句子的主语；who,instead of working,is found to be sleeping in the seat of the window是brother的定语从句，instead of working为插入语；而he is supposed to be cleaning是window的定语从句。

【译文】看着我那成年的儿子十分情愿地清扫着肮脏的浴缸，让我对他12岁的弟弟的将来还是充满希望的——这小家伙现在不仅不干活，而且还在他本该打扫的窗户旁边的座位上睡着了。

TEXT C

1.After World WarⅡ,many Japanese abandoned the arranged marriage as part of their rush to adopt the more democratic ways of their American conquerors.

【分析】本句为简单句，句子主干结构为many Japanese abandoned the arranged marriage。as part of their rush to adopt the more democratic ways of their American conquerors是介词短语作状语，表对象。

【译文】二战后，作为急于采纳美国征服者更为民主方式的一部分，许多日本人放弃了包办婚姻。

2.But the Western way was often found wanting in an important respect:it didn’t necessarily produce a partner of the right economic,social,and educational qualifications.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句为the Western way was often found wanting in an important respect。冒号后内容为respect的同位语从句。

【译文】但人们经常发现西方的恋爱结婚方式在一个重要方面有所欠缺：它并不确保能够找到一个在经济状况、社会地位、教育方面都门当户对的伴侣。

3.The Western ideal of marrying for love is accommodated in a new omiai in which both parties are free to reject the match.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，句子主干为The ideal is accommodated in a omiai。in which both parties are free to reject the match是omiai的定语从句。

【译文】西方为爱结婚的理想包含于新的相亲中，双方都有拒绝对方的自由。

TEXT D

1.She owned and operated three McDonald’s shops in Illinois,but as a divorced mother of three

boys,she yearned for a business that would provide for her children and let her spend more time with them.

【分析】本句为并列句，第一个分句主句为She owned and operated three McDonald’s shops。第二个分句主句为she yearned for a business。that would provide for her children and let her spend more time with them作business的定语从句。

【译文】她在伊利诺斯州拥有并经营三家麦当劳店，但是作为三个孩子的离异妈妈，她渴望一项既能供养孩子，又能让她有更多时间陪孩子的生意。

2.When McDonald’s decided it wanted a new bun supplier,Harrington became determined to win the contract,even though she had no experience running a bakery.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句主干为Harrington became determined。不定式结构to win the contract是目的状语；When McDonald’s decided it wanted a new bun supplier是时间状语从句；even though she had no experience running a bakery是让步状语从句。

【译文】当麦当劳确定自己需要一个新的面包供应商时，尽管哈灵顿没有经营面包店的经验，但她下定决心要赢得合同。

3.Some of her clients’sales have declined,but she’s found new clients and improved efficiencies to help sustain the company’s double-digit growth.

【分析】本句为并列句，第一个分句主干为Some of her clients’sales have declined。第二个分句主干为she’s found new clients and improved efficiencies，不定式结构to help sustain the company’s double-digit growth是目的状语。

【译文】某些客户的的销售额在减少，但是她通过挖掘新客户并提高工作效率，从而帮助公司维持了两位数的增长。

2010年专四真题阅读长难句分析

TEXT A

1.What is the nature of the scientific attitude,the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicine or any other science?

【分析】本句为主从复合句。主句为What is the nature of the scientific attitude。后面的the attitude of...是scientific attitude的同位语，对其进行补充说明，其中，who studies and applies physics,biology...是the man or woman的定语从句。

【译文】研究和运用物理学、生物学、化学、地质学、工程学、医学以及任何其他学科的科学工作者的态度，即科学的态度,其本质是什么？

2.He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation,and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected.

【分析】本句为并列复合句。第一个分句是and前的一个主从复合句，主句主干为：He directs his attention towards problems，而which he notices have no satisfactory explanation是problems 的定语从句，he notices为插入语。第二个分句主干结构是：his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships，其中look for underlying relationships是宾语him的补足语；even if... to be unconnected是让步状语从句。

【译文】他通常将注意力直接引向自己发现的，但还没有令人满意的解释的问题上，他的好奇心驱使他寻找数据之间的隐含关系，即使现有的数据似乎并不相关。

3.Furthermore,he is not only critical of the work of others,but also of his own,since he knows

that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句为：he is not only critical of the work of others,but also of his own。since引导原因状语从句，其中he knows是主语和谓语，后面是两个由that引导的并列的宾语从句。

【译文】此外，他不仅对他人的工作持批判态度，对自己的也一样，因为他知道，人是最不可靠的科学仪器，而且一些因素往往会干扰调查的客观性。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/1512784378.html,stly,he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句为：he is highly imaginative。since he often has to look for relationships in data是原因状语从句，而which are...frequently incomplete是data的定语从句。【译文】最后，他极富想象力，因为他常常要寻找数据之间的关系，这些数据不仅复杂，而且经常不完整。

TEXT B

1.Although the mysteries of the Aztec,Mayan,and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries,now the public is also becoming aware of unusual,paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句为the public is also becoming aware of unusual,paranormal phenomena。Although引导让步状语从句。

【译文】虽然阿兹特克、玛雅、印加文明的奥秘几个世纪以来已经众所周知，现在公众也开始关注如秘鲁这样的国家中的不寻常的超自然现象。

2.One answer appeared in1969,when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句为One answer appeared in1969。when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed...是定语从句；that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials...是proposed的宾语从句。

【译文】一个答案出现在1969年，当时德国研究者，作家埃里希·冯·丹尼肯提出这些线是作为飞机跑道由外星人绘制的。

3.Currently there are over60sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America’s past,and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.

【分析】本句为并列句。第一个分句主干为：there are over60sites；dedicated to this mystery from Latin America’s past是sites的后置定语。第二个分句主干为scientists have joined the discussion。

【译文】目前，有超过60个专门针对这个拉丁美洲的过去之谜的网站，甚至一些德高望重的科学家也通过电子邮件和聊天室加入了讨论。

TEXT C

1.Apple Computer CEO Steve Jobs’address at Stanford University that year,in which he talked about death,is also considered one of the best in recent memory.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句主干为：Steve Jobs’address is also considered one of the best。in which he talked about death是address的定语从句。

【译文】同年，苹果电脑公司首席执行官史蒂夫·乔布斯在斯坦福大学的演讲中谈到关于死亡的问题，那也被认为是近些年最好的毕业演讲之一。

2.Isn’t that like trying to maintain a smile at your wedding reception while some relative gives a toast that amounts to“marriage is hard work”?

【分析】本句为并列复合句，第一个分句主干为：Isn’t that like trying to maintain a smile。第二个分句主干为：some relative gives a toast，而that amounts to“marriage is hard work”是toast的定语从句。

【译文】是不是就像一边听着某个亲属在婚礼招待会上祝酒说“婚姻是个苦差事”，一边又不得不试图保持微笑呢？

3.In fact,as is the case in many major life moments,you can’t really manage to think beyond the blisters your new shoes are causing.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句为：you can’t really manage to think beyond the blisters。your new shoes are causing是blisters的定语从句，而as is the case in many major life moments 是后面内容的非限制性定语从句。

【译文】其实，正如在许多人生重大的时刻，你其实无法让自己想别的，只是想着新鞋磨出来的水泡。

4.But it also gets to the heart of one of life’s greatest,saddest truths:that our most “memorable”occasions may elicit the fewest memories.

【分析】本句为主从复合句。主句为it also gets to the heart of one of life’s greatest,saddest truths。冒号后面为that引导的truths的同位语从句。

【译文】但是它揭示了生活中最大、最可悲的真相的实质：我们最“难忘”的场合可能留下最少的回忆。

TEXT D

1.The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that,for the English,the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句为Mary Douglas has pointed out that...。the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links是第一个that引导的宾语从句，that is served是food的定语从句。

【译文】人类学家玛丽·道格拉斯指出，对于英国人，饭局的种类和上菜的内容与在一起吃饭的人之间的社会关系有关。

2.The distinctions among cocktails,regular meals,and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks,those who are invited to dinner,and those who come to a family meal.

【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句主干为：The distinctions mark the social boundaries。who are invited for drinks，who are invited to dinner和who come to a family meal都是前面those(guests)的定语从句。

【译文】鸡尾酒会、正餐以及特殊晚宴标志着客人之间的社会界限，是被邀请喝点儿什么，是被邀请吃饭，还是被邀请吃家庭餐。

3.Because of the fear of pollution,Brahmans and other high-ranked individuals will not share food with,not eat from the same plate as,not even accept food from an individual from a low-ranking caste.

【分析】本句为较长的简单句，句子主干是：Brahmans and other high-ranked individuals will not share food with,not eat from the same plate as,not even accept food from an individual。Because of the fear of pollution是句子的原因状语。

【译文】由于担心受到污染，婆罗门和其他高等级的人不会与来自低等级的人分享食物，不会从同一个盘子里吃东西，甚至不会接受低等种姓人的食物。

2009年专四真题阅读长难句分析

TEXT A

1.Do you realize that every time you take a step,the bones in your hip are subjected to forces between four and five times your body weight?

【分析】本句为主从复合句。主句主干结构是Do you realize that...。that引导宾语从句，从句主干结构是the bones are subjected to forces；every time you take a step是时间状语；介词短语between four and five times your body weight是forces的后置定语。take a step意为“迈出一步”。be subjected to意为“受到……，经受……”。

【译文】你是否意识到自己每次迈步的时候，胯关节的受力是体重的四至五倍？

2.Any engineer will recognize these as characteristic of a typical engineering problem,which doctors and engineers have worked together to solve,in order to bring a fresh lease of life to people who would otherwise be disabled.

【分析】本句为主从复合句。主句主干结构是Any engineer will recognize these。which doctors and engineers have worked together to solve是problem的定语从句；in order to bring a fresh lease of life to people是目的状语；who would otherwise be disabled是people的定语从句。【译文】任何一个工程师都会将这些看作是典型的工程问题所具有的特点，医生和工程师协同工作来解决这个问题，以便让那些不做置换就残疾的病人获得新生。

3.Similar advances with other crops have released people from hard and boring jobs for more creative work,whilst machines harvest crops more efficiently with less waste.

【分析】本句为并列句，由whilst分隔开。第一个分句主干结构是Similar advances have released people；第二个分句主干结构是machines harvest crops。

【译文】对其他作物的类似改造将人们从艰苦、枯燥的工作中解放出来，可以去从事更有创造力的工作，同时，机械收割作物因为浪费更少而更高效。

TEXT B

1.Probably thousands of people have already been using it,but I just discovered it,so I’m going to claim it and also name it:Fake Foning.

【分析】本句为并列复合句。第一个分句为Probably thousands of people have already been using it。第二个分句主句为I just discovered it;so I’m going to claim it and also name it:Fake Foning是结果状语从句。

【译文】成千上万的人可能已经在享受这项服务，但我是刚刚发现这一服务，所以我打算申请拥有它，并将其命名为：假装打电话。

2.The trip down the hall will take approximately one hour,because a person can’t walk into those talky people without getting pulled aside for a question,a bit of gossip,a new read on a certain line of Paradise Lost.

【分析】本句为主从复合句。主句主干结构为The trip will take one hour；because引导原因状语从句，分词短语without getting pulled aside for a question...表伴随状况。

【译文】去洗手间经过大厅大约需要一小时，这是因为一个人可能走到这群人中被拉到一边问个问题，说说八卦，或者谈谈对《失乐园》中某一行文字的新理解。

3.Walk confidently down the hall engaged in fake conversation,making sure to tailor both the topic and content to the person standing before you whom you are trying to evade.

【分析】本句为主从复合句。主句主干是Walk down the hall，分词短语engaged in fake conversation是方式状语；现在分词短语making sure to tailor both the tenor and content to the person...表伴随状况；standing before you是person的后置定语，而whom you are trying to evade 是person的定语从句。engaged in意为“忙于”。

【译文】自信地走过大厅，装作在谈话，并确定调整谈话的话题和内容以适合那个站在你面前而你试图逃避的人。

TEXT C

1.The next morning,when I turned my computer back on,it informed me that a file had been corrupted and Windows would not load.

【分析】本句为主从复合句。主句主干结构是it informed me that...；a file had been corrupted and Windows would not load是informed的宾语从句。when I turned my computer back on是时间状语从句。

【译文】第二天早上，当我打开电脑时，我被告知一个文件已被损坏，Windows将无法加载。

2.She has apparently been dozing and,having come to just as the sentence ended,was attempting to cover for her inattention.

【分析】本句为并列句。第一个分句为She has apparently been dozing；第二个分句为was attempting to cover for her inattention；现在分词短语having come to表状况；as the sentence ended是时间状语从句。

【译文】她显然在打瞌睡，在说完这句话时她试图掩盖自己的注意力不集中。

3.I thanked him,and we chatted about the weather,which was the same outside my window as it was outside his.

【分析】本句为并列复合句。第一个分句为I thanked him；第二个分句主句为we chatted about the weather。which was the same outside my window...是weather的定语从句；as it was outside his是方式状语从句。chat about意为“闲聊”。

【译文】我谢了他，聊起了天气，我窗外的天气和他窗外的是一样的。

TEXT D

1.So I wrote a nice holiday greeting to this man who,in my imagination,fires The New York Times from his bike aimed at our front door,causing more noise with mere newsprint than most people manage with sophisticated black market fireworks.

【分析】本句为主从复合句。主句主干为：I wrote a nice holiday greeting。who,in my imagination,fires The New York Times from his bike是man的定语从句；分词短语aimed at our front door是The New York Times的后置定语；causing more noise with mere newsprint than most people manage with sophisticated black market fireworks是结果状语。aim at意为“针对，目的在于”。

【译文】所以，我写了节日问候语给这个人，凭我的想象，就是这个人从自行车上把《纽约时报》扔向我们的大门，仅用新出的报纸就制造了比多数人燃放复杂的黑市烟花更大的噪音。

2.With a start,I realized that perhaps the reason for the4a.m.wake-up noise was not ordinary rudeness but carefully executed spite:I had not tipped Raoul in Christmases past.

【分析】本句为主从复合句。主句主干结构是：I realized that...。the reason for the4a.m.wake up noise was not ordinary rudeness...是realized的宾语从句；I had not tipped Raoul in

Christmases past是spite的同位语。

【译文】突然，我意识到那也许就是凌晨4点将我们吵醒的噪音的原因，那不是一般的举止粗鲁而是精心策划的恶意行为：在以前的圣诞节里，我没给过Raoul小费。

3.Several days later,I was bringing our garbage bins back from the curb when I noticed an envelope taped to one of the lids.

【分析】本句为主从复合句。主句主干结构是I was bringing our garbage bins back；when I noticed an envelope是时间状语从句；分词短语taped to one of the lids是envelope的后置定语。【译文】几天后，我把我们的垃圾箱从路边拿回来时注意到贴在一个盖子上的信封。

2008年专四真题阅读长难句分析

TEXT A

1.You can take in the picturesque canal house architecture:The rows of neat,narrow four-story dwellings of brownstone with large windows are well worth seeing.

【分析】本句冒号后的句子是对前面canal house architecture的说明，其中主语为rows;neat, narrow four-story dwellings of brownstone是定语，with large windows是状语，都是修饰rows 的成分。

【译文】你可以顺便看看风景如画的运河房屋建筑：一排排整齐狭窄的四层楼高的赤褐色砂石建筑，大大的窗户，都非常值得参观。

TEXT B

1.This means that you should look up the name Tantalus to find out the word’s origins,and if you do,you will find out that in Greek mythology,Tantalus was a king who was punished in the lower world with eternal hunger and thirst;he was put up to his chin in water that always moved away when he tried to drink it and with fruit on branches above him placed just a little bit out of his reach.

【分析】本句是一个由and连接的并列复合句。前一分句包含一个that宾语从句。后一分句包含由if引导的条件状语从句，其中主句又包含that宾语从句，这个从句中又包含着并列句，分号后的分句又有一个that引导的定语从句修饰water。out of one’s reach意为“够不着”。

【译文】这表示你应该查Tantalus这个名字，找到词源。如果你这么做了，就会看到在希腊神话中，Tantalus是一个在地狱中一直受到饥渴惩罚的国王。他站在水中，水没到下巴，但当他试图喝水时，水就退开了。他的头上就有结满了水果的树枝，但是差那么一点点才能够得着。

2.The traveler Odysseus(Ulysses to the Romans)made his men plug their ears so that they wouldn’t hear the dangerous voices of the sirens,creatures who were half bird and half woman and who lured sailors to their deaths on sharp rocks.

【分析】本句是一个由so that引导的目的状语从句，从句中包含两个who引导的定语从句，同时修饰creatures。而creatures又是sirens的同位语。

【译文】旅行者奥德修斯（罗马人称他为Ulysses）让他的人堵上耳朵，这样就听不到sirens 危险的声音了，sirens是一个半鸟半女人的动物，它会把水手引诱到尖石上致死。

3.As a matter of fact,all the planets,except the one we live on,bear names that come from Roman mythology,including the planet that is farthest away from the sun and for that reason was

called after the Roman god of the dead.

【分析】本句主干为all the planets bear names。except the one we live on为插入语来补充说明all the planets。而names后面有一个that定语从句来修饰。including后的内容又包含一个that 定语从句，修饰the planet，而and后面的内容省略了主语the planet。

【译文】事实上，除了我们所居住的这个行星之外，其他所有行星的名字都来自罗马神话，包括那个离太阳最远的行星。正因为这个原因，它才以罗马神话中的死神命名。

TEXT C

1.I’m an American born and raised,and this was Miami,where I live,but they weren’t quite ready to let me in yet.

【分析】本句由三个并列分句组成，分别由and和but引导。第一个分句中born and raised 作后置定语修饰American。第二个分句中where I live为定语从句修饰Miami。

【译文】我在美国出生长大，这里是迈阿密，我居住于此，但他们还不太愿意接受我。

2.Twenty years ago,my own graduate school writing professor advised me to write under a pen name so that publishers wouldn’t stick me in what he called“the ethnic ghetto”—a separate, secondary shelf in the bookstore.

【分析】本句包含一个so that引导的目的状语从句，主句主干为professor advised me to write。从句中what he called“the ethnic ghetto”作in的宾语，而破折号后面的内容是对“the ethnic ghetto”的解释。

【译文】20年前，我自己研究生院里的写作教授建议我用一个笔名，这样出版商不会把我放在他称为“民族区”部分——那是书店里一个独立的、不太重要的架子。

TEXT D

1.While politicians may limit damage by having carefully rehearsed,written scripts to speak from, there is always a hidden awareness among the audience that the words might not be true.

【分析】本句属于一个并列复合句，前后分句形成对比关系。前一个分句中的having carefully rehearsed和(having)written scripts to speak from作by的宾语。后一个分句包含一个由that 引导的句子作awareness的同位语从句。

【译文】政治家经过精心排练，参照写好的文稿演讲可能将损害限定在一定范围内，但是听众会潜意识里觉得他们说的话可能不对。

2.The best psychological place from which to speak is an unselfconscious self-consciousness, providing the illusion of being natural.

【分析】本句中的from which to speak作place的后置定语，providing the illusion of being natural则是分词短语作状语。

【译文】演讲的最好的心理状态是一种无自我意识的自我意识，让人有自然的错觉。

2007年专四真题阅读长难句分析

TEXT A

1.Good landladies—those who are superb cooks and launderers,are figures as popular in fiction as the bad ones who terrorize their guests and overcharge them at the slightest opportunity.

【分析】本句的主干应为Good landladies are figures as popular as the bad ones。其中破折号后的those是Good landladies的同位语，并且由who引导的定语从句修饰。后面的who引导

的是修饰the bad ones的定语从句。

【译文】好的房东——不仅厨艺高超，又是好的洗衣工，这些人在小说中与那些坏房东一样普遍。后者让他们的客人感到恐惧，不放过任何机会多收房租。

2.For the less fortunate,house rules may restrict the freedom to invite friends to visit,and shared cooking and bathroom facilities can be frustrating and row-provoking if tidy and untidy guests are living under the same roof.

【分析】本句为并列复合句。由and连接两个分句。其中后一分句又包含一个if引导的条件状语从句。

【译文】如果不太走运的话，房东可能会有一些规定，限制你邀请朋友来访的自由；如果讲卫生和不讲卫生的人同住一屋时，共用厨房和洗澡间可能会让人感到沮丧甚至会引发争吵。

TEXT B

1.With so much news about crime in the media,people assumed that anyone on the open road without the money for even a bus ticket must present a danger.

【分析】本句的主语为people，谓语为assumed，后面的that引导宾语从句。宾语从句的主干为anyone must present a danger。其中on the open road和without the money for even a bus ticket都是定语，限定说明主语anyone。

【译文】媒体上有那么多关于犯罪的新闻，人们认为一个走在路上，身上的钱连一张公共汽车票都买不起的人是危险的。

TEXT C

1.She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language,although they were mostly numbers,and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining.

【分析】本句是由and连接的并列复合句。前一分句又是由although引导的让步状语从句，主句中的I was able to say in her language是定语从句，修饰words。后一分句里包含着一个宾语从句。

【译文】她很高兴听到我用老挝语说出的几个单词，尽管这些词多是数字，她看到我懂得讨价还价的乐趣。

2.I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set;that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase.

【分析】本句是由分号分开的并列复合句。前一分句主语为I，谓语动词有三个：moved，picked up和paid。后一分句包含着由before引导的时间状语从句。

【译文】我又快速拾起两条裙子，按照后来商定的价钱买了三条。这样一来，在她因我购买量大而降低价格前，我付了原来买一条裙子时3倍的价钱。

3.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard;without knowing it,I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.

【分析】本句是由分号分开的并列复合句。前一分句中what is hard作against的宾语。后一分句中what is soft and what should be easy作后一个against的宾语。without knowing it是后一分句的方式状语。

【译文】我学会了不被困难所压倒，不知不觉中，我也学会了不被温柔和轻松俘获。

TEXT D

1.Now,only3percent of families follow the agricultural model,but nearly all schools are

scheduled as if our children went home early to milk the cows and took months off to work the crops.

【分析】本句为并列复合句。but后的分句包含一个由as if引导的方式状语从句，从句中主语是our children，后面的went home以及took months off是并列结构作谓语和宾语。

【译文】现在，只有3％家庭的生活还遵循农业模式，但是几乎所有学校课程设置得就好像孩子们要早早回家挤牛奶，要歇几个月种庄稼一样。

2.Dr.Boyer is one of many who believe that a radical revision of the school calendar is inevitable.【分析】本句为复合句。who引导定语从句修饰many，而这个定语从句又有一个宾语从句。【译文】Boyer博士是众多人中的一员，他们认为对学校校历进行彻底修正不可避免。

2006年专四真题阅读长难句分析

TEXT A

1.The difference between the mobile phone and its parent,the fixed-line phone,is that a mobile number corresponds to a person,while a landline goes to a place.

【分析】本句主干为the difference is that...。the fixed-line phone是parent的同位语。that 之后是表语从句，从句中又包含while引导的状语从句，在这里表示对比。

手机与它的前辈，即固定电话，的不同之处在于，一个手机号码对应一个人，而固定电话却受电话线的限制。

2.The most common one,however,and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever,is the“meeting”influence.

【分析】本句主干为the one and the thing is the“meeting”influence。其中the one和the thing 同指的是手机的影响。however插入两个并列的主语之间，that引导的定语从句修饰thing。然而，最常见的一个就是对“约会”观念的影响，它可能永远地改变了我们的文化。

TEXT B

1.The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then,it was widely believed,having given his wife her“housekeeping”,would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.

【分析】本句主语是the typical working man，后面跟两个并列谓语would collect和would go out and squander。句中it was widely believed作插入语。having given his wife her “housekeeping”是现在分词短语作时间状语。

【译文】典型的工人会在周五晚上领取薪水，然后，他们普遍认为，在去除了给妻子的家务费用之后，就要出去把剩下的钱用于喝酒和赌博。

2.As long as this gap exists,there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge,or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear,but between different groups.

【分析】本句包含由as long as引导的条件状语从句。主句是there be结构，其中两个that 引导的从句是possibility的同位语。

【译文】只要这个差距存在，就总是有新冲突和妒嫉产生，或者在不同的群体之间旧冲突会重现。

TEXT C

1.During this time,all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house,