《IP路由与交换技术》教学大纲

《IP路由与交换技术》课程教学大纲

一、课程基本信息：

1．课程编号：

2．课程名称：IP路由与交换技术

3．英文名称：IP routing and switching

4. 适用专业：信息管理工程

5．课程简介：IP路由与交换技术是一门信息管理工程技术专业的必修课。主要目的在于使学生掌握IP网络的基本理论，使学生初步获得进行基于Cisco设备进行网络设计的能力。课程内容主要包括Networking Concepts、IP Addressing、IOS Basics、Managing Network Device、Bridging and Switching、Advanced IP Addressing等等。

二、课程说明：

1．教学目的和要求：（1）、通过本课程的学习，使学生熟悉简单IP网络设计与规划的理论知识，并掌握Cisco网络设备的基础理论知识，同时掌握配置简单IP网络的基本方法。（2）通过本课程的学习，学生应进一步得到一般科学方法的训练，增强分析和解决IP网络问题的能力。科学方法的训练应贯彻在本课程教学的整个过程中，特别是要通过Cisco IOS的理论学习和实践学习，使学生进一步掌握简单IP网络从设计到实现一般方法，并具备根据具体条件应用理论解决实际问题的一般科学方法。

2．前继课程：计算机网络

3. 后续课程：

4．周课时、总学时：4学时/68学时，其中理论课38学时，实践实验课30学时。

5．开课学期：第七学期。

6．考试方法：平时成绩（含作业）占10%，期中考试占20%，实验占10%，期末考试占60%。

7、教学方式:采用CAI课件与黑板讲授相结合的教学方式，合理运用问题教学或项目教学的教学方法。

8．教材：Richard Deal.《CCNA学习指南——Cisco Certified Network Associate(Exam 640-801)（英文版）》[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.

9．教学参考资料：

（1）、邢京武、何涛译.《CCNA学习指南——Cisco Certified Network Associate(Exam 640-801)（中文版）》[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.

（2）、徐宏、程代伟、池亚平译.《CCNA学习指南（中文第五版）（640-801）》[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.

（3）、思科网络技术学院译.《思科网络技术学院教程(第三、四学期)》[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.

三、课程内容与教学要求

一、 Networking Technologies

This chapter offers a brief introduction to networking and some basic networking terms and concepts. This material should be a review of many already known concepts. You should be familiar with the various networking topologies used in networks, as well as different types of networks, such as local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs).

主要内容：

1.1 Networks

Components

Locations

1.2 Topologies

Physical Versus Logical Topologies

Meshing

1.3 Network Types

Local Area Networks

Wide Area Networks

Metropolitan Area Networks

Storage Area Networks

Content Networks

Intranets, Extranets, and Internets

Virtual Private Networks

重点：

1. Physical Versus Logical Topologies

2. Intranets, Extranets, and Internets

难点：

1. Physical Versus Logical Topologies

2. Intranets, Extranets, and Internets

学时分配：1 学时

二、Networking Concepts

Before considering how to configure Cisco routers and switches, you must be introduced to basic networking concepts you’ll need to understand in order to grasp the advanced concepts discussed in later chapters. The OSI Reference Model is the best place to start, since it will help you understand how information is transferred between networking devices. Of the seven layers in the OSI Reference Model, be especially sure to understand how the －2－

bottom three layers function, since most networking devices function at these layers. This chapt er discusses information flow, as well as Cisco’s three-tiered hierarchical model, which is used to design scalable, flexible, and easy-to-troubleshoot-and-maintain networks.

主要内容：

2.1 OSI Reference Model

Advantages

Layer Definitions

Devices

2.2 Data Link Layer

Data Link Layer Addressing

Ethernet

Data Link Devices: Bridges

Data Link Devices: Switches

2.3 Network Layer

Layer-3 Addressing

Routing Tables

Advantages of Routers

2.4 Transport Layer

Reliable Connections

Unreliable Connections

Connection Multiplexing

Flow Control

2.5 Transferring Information Between Computers

Going Down the Protocol Stack

Going Up the Protocol Stack

Two Segment Example

2.6 Hierarchical Network Model

Core Layer

Distribution Layer

Access Layer

Connections

重点：

1. OSI Reference Model

2. Hierarchical Network Model

难点：

1. OSI Reference Model

2. Data Link Devices: Bridges、Switches, Routers

学时分配：1 学时

三、IP Addressing

The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a standard that includes many protocols. It defines how machines on an internetwork can communicate with each other. It was initially funded by and developed for DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Protects Agency), which is a conglomeration of U.S. military and government organizations. Developed initially for the government, it was later made available to the public, mainly seen on Unix systems. First specified in RFC 791, it has become the defacto standard for networking protocols. The Internet uses TCP/IP to carry data between networks, and most corporations today use TCP/IP for their networks. This chapter will provide an overview of TCP/IP, including some of its more important protocols, as well as IP addressing.

主要内容：

3.1 TCP/IP Protocol Stack

Application Layer

Transport Layer

3.2 IP Addressing Introduction

Bit Values

Classes of Addresses

IP Address Components

3.3 Subnetting

Subnet Masks

Subnet Masks Values

3.4 Planning IP Addressing

Step 1: Figure Out Network and Host Requirements

Step 2: Satisfy Host and Network Requirements

Step 3: Figure Out the Subnet Mask

Step 4: Figure Out the Network Addresses

Step 5: Figure Out the Directed Broadcast Addresses

Step 6: Figure Out the Host Addresses

3.5 Figuring Out IP Address Components

重点：

1. Classes of Addresses

2. Subnet Masks

难点：

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1. Planning IP Addressing

2. Figuring Out IP Address Components

学时分配：3 学时

四、Preparing Network Connections

The first three chapters of this book dealt with an introduction to networking, networking concepts, and IP addressing—basically theory and concept information. In this chapter, I’ll begin discussing the applied side of networking. This chapter focuses on installing your networking devices (switches and routers), cabling up your LAN and WAN connections, and establishing a console connection so that you can put a configuration on these devices. Once you have established a console connection in this chapter, Chapter 5 will begin the basics of using the router’s or switch’s command-line interface (CLI) to put a basic configuration on these devices.

主要内容：

4.1 Cisco’s Networking Products

Hubs

Switches

Routers

4.2 Chassis Information

Catalyst 1900 Switch

Catalyst 2950 Switch

Routers

Connections

Console Port

Hardware Interfaces

4.3 Cabling

重点：

1. Catalyst 1900 Switch

2. Catalyst 2950 Switch

难点：

1. Routers

2. Cabling

学时分配：2 学时

五、Basic Switch and Router Configuration

This chapter presents the basics of configuring the 1900 and 2950 Catalyst switches as well as Cisco routers. As you continue throughout this book, you will build upon these fundamental and important concepts for accessing, configuring, and managing your Cisco devices. I am making the assumption that you have never configured a Cisco device before and therefore will begin with the very basics by explaining the operating system that these devices use, the advantages that Cisco’s operating system provides, and how to use some basic operating system commands to configure your Cisco device.

主要内容：

5.1 IOS Introduction

Device Startup

Accessing the Command-Line Interface (CLI)

EXEC Modes

5.2 IOS Basics

5.3 Basic Switch Configuration

5.4 Basic Router Configuration

Configuration Mode

Verifying a Router’s Operation

重点：

1. Basic Switch Configuration

2. Basic Router Configuration

难点：

1. Device Startup

2. Verifying a Router’s Operation

学时分配：2 学时

六、Managing Your Network Device

This chapter covers important IOS features that you can use to manage your IOS device. Many of these features are supported across all IOS devices, but some of them are supported on only certain devices. This chapter focuses on these features as they relate to Cisco routers, beginning with how the router boots up, finds its operating system, and loads its configuration file, as well as how to back up and restore your IOS image. There are many tools that you can use on your router for troubleshooting connection problems, including the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP), ping, trace, telnet, and debug. These tools are discussed at the end of the chapter.

主要内容：

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6.1 Router Hardware Components

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Other Components

6.2 Router Bootup Process

Bootstrap Program

Configuration Register

6.3 Router Configuration Files

Saving Configuration Files

Restoring Configuration Files

6.4 Changes in Your Network

Adding Devices

Changing Devices

6.5 Router IOS Image Files

6.6 IOS Troubleshooting

Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)

Layer 7 Connectivity Testing

Debug Overview

重点：

1. IOS Troubleshooting

2. Router Configuration Files

难点：

1. IOS Troubleshooting

2. Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)

学时分配：2 学时

七、Bridging and Switching

Bridges and switches are both layer-2 devices, functioning at the data link layer of the OSI Reference Model. Even though they are both layer-2 devices and have many similarities between them, they also have many differences. With advancements in hardware and technology, switches perform faster and have many more features. However, the basic functions of these two devices are the same. This chapter covers the functions of bridges and switches, the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), and basic switch configuration tasks on Cisco’s Catalyst 1900 and 2950.

主要内容：

7.1 Bridges and Switches

Bridging Versus Switching

Methods of Switching

Switch Connections

7.2 Functions of Bridging and Switching

Learning Function

Forwarding Function

7.3 The Spanning Tree Protocol

Bridge Protocol Data Units

Root Bridge

Root Port

Designated Port

Port States

Layer-2 Convergence

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

7.4 1900 and 2950 Configuration

Default Configuration

Quick Review

Basic Interface Configuration

Verifying Interface Configuration

MAC Addresses and Port Security

重点：

1. Functions of Bridging and Switching

2. 1900 and 2950 Configuration

难点：

1. The Spanning Tree Protocol

2. Layer-2 Convergence

学时分配：2 学时

八、Virtual LANs

As was mentioned in Chapters 2 and 7, layer-2 devices, including bridges and switches, always propagate certain kinds of traffic in the broadcast domain: broadcasts, multicasts, and unknown destination traffic. This process impacts every machine in the broadcast domain (layer-2 network). It impacts the bandwidth of these devices’ connections as well as their local processing. If you were using bridges, the only solution available to solve this problem would be to break up the broadcast domain into multiple broadcast domains and interconnect these domains with a router. With this approach, each new broadcast domain would be a new logical segment and would need a unique network number to differentiate －8－

it from the other layer-3 logical segments. Unfortunately, this is a costly solution, since each broadcast domain, each logical segment, needs its own port on a router. The more domains that you have, the bigger the router that you have to purchase. As you will see in this chapter, switches also have the same problem with traffic that must be flooded. You will see, however, that switches have a unique solution to reduce the number of router ports required, and thus the cost of the layer-3 device that you need to obtain: virtual LANs and trunking.

主要内容：

8.1 Virtual LAN Overview

Subnets and VLANs

8.2 VLAN Connections

Access-Link Connections

Trunk Connections

ISL

802.1Q

Per-VLAN STP

8.3 VLAN Trunk Protocol

VTP Modes

VTP Messages

VTP Pruning

8.4 1900 and 2950 VLAN Configuration

Configuring VTP

1900 VTP Configuration

2950 VTP Configuration

Configuring Trunks

Creating VLANs

1900 VLAN Configuration

2950 VLAN Configuration

Basic Troubleshooting of VLANs and Trunks

重点：

1. VLAN Trunk Protocol

2. 1900 and 2950 VLAN Configuration

难点：

1. VLAN Trunk Protocol

2. Basic Troubleshooting of VLANs and Trunks

学时分配：2 学时

九、Routing Introduction

This chapter covers an overview of routing, including how to set up static routes and how dynamic routing protocols - distance vector, link state, and hybrid protocols - function. Chapter 10 covers the configuration of two distance vector routing protocols, and Chapter 11 covers the configuration of a link state routing protocol and a hybrid routing protocol.

主要内容：

9.1 Types of Routes

Autonomous Systems

Administrative Distance

9.2 Static Routes

Default Route Configuration

Default Routes and Distance Vector Protocols

9.3 Router-on-a-Stick

Subinterface Configuration

9.4 Dynamic Routing Protocols

Distance Vector Protocols

Link State Protocols

Hybrid Protocols

9.5 Problems with Distance Vector Protocols

Problem: Convergence

Problem: Routing Loops

重点：

1. Static Routes

2. Dynamic Routing Protocols

难点：

1. Router-on-a-Stick

2. Problems with Distance V ector Protocols

学时分配：3 学时

十、Configuring Distance Vector Protocols

In the preceding chapter, you gained an overview of routing protocols, including the different types and their advantages and disadvantages. This chapter covers the basic configuration of distance vector protocols, specifically the IP Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and the Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). It focuses on the basics

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of these protocols; advanced configuration of these protocols is beyond the scope of this book. However, by the end of the chapter, you’ll be able to configure routers running RIP and IGRP that will route traffic in a network.

主要内容：

10.1 IP Routing Protocol Basics

The router Command

The network Command

10.2 IP RIP

Characteristics of RIPv1 and RIPv2

RIPv1

RIPv2

Configuring IP RIP

Troubleshooting IP RIP

10.3 IP IGRP

Configuring IP IGRP

Troubleshooting IP IGRP

重点：

1. Configuring、Troubleshooting IP RIP Routes

2. Configuring、Troubleshooting IP IGRP Routes

难点：

1. Configuring、Troubleshooting IP RIP Routes

2. Configuring、Troubleshooting IP IGRP Routes

学时分配：3 学时

十一、Configuring Advanced Routing Protocols

In Chapter 10, you were introduced to the configuration of two distance vector routing protocols: IP RIP and IGRP. This chapter focuses on two advanced routing protocols: OSPF and EIGRP. OSPF is a link state protocol, and EIGRP is a hybrid protocol. This chapter covers only basic operation and configuration of these protocols. A more thorough discussion is covered in Cisco’s BSCI CCNP and CCDP exam.

主要内容：

11.1 OSPF

Characteristics of OSPF

Configuring OSPF

Loopback Interfaces

Troubleshooting OSPF

11.2 EIGRP

Characteristics of EIGRP

Configuring EIGRP

Troubleshooting EIGRP

重点：

1. Configuring、Troubleshooting OSPF Routes

2. Configuring、Troubleshooting E IGRP Routes

难点：

1. Configuring、Troubleshooting OSPF Routes

2. Configuring、Troubleshooting E IGRP Routes

学时分配：3 学时

十二、Advanced IP Addressing

In Chapter 11, you were introduced to two advanced routing protocols: OSPF and EIGRP. Both of these protocols are classless protocols that support advanced IP addressing concepts, including variable-length subnet masking (VLSM) and route summarization. This chapter focuses on these two advanced concepts.

主要内容：

12.1 Variable-Length Subnet Masking

VLSM

Addressing with VLSM

12.2 Route Summarization

Advantages of Summarization

Classless Interdomain Routing

Hierarchical Addressing

Routing and Subnet Masks

The Routing Table

Performing Summarization

重点：

1. VLSM、Classless Interdomain Routing

2. Route Summarization

难点：

1. VLSM、Classless Interdomain Routing

2. Route Summarization

学时分配：3 学时

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执笔人：马惟哲

教研室：网络工程教研室编制日期: 2010年08月

附件1：浙江传媒学院课程教学大纲编制审批表

注：1.“课程性质”、“编制类别”在相应项目前打“√”；

2.本表随附课程教学大纲

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