虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法

虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法

1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句

eg .

If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气）

If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气）

If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实条件状语从句）

If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实条件状语从句）2、在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式

1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：

主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他+

if+主语+did/be(were)+其他

例：

1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）

2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）

3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)

4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）

5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功）

2、表示与过去事实相反的情况

主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他+

if+主语+had done +其他

例：

1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）

2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）

3、表示对将来情况的主观推测

（可能相反或可能性很小）

主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他

if+主语+did/should/were to do+其他

例：

1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）

2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪）

3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。

在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，"should＋动词原形"构成，should 可省略。