博士研究生入学考试真题英语-2013

装备学院2013年博士研究生入学考试

英语(1001)试题

(注意：答案必须定在答题纸上，本试卷满分100分)

Part I Vocabulary (10 points, 0.5 point each)

Direction:There are 20 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A,

B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark

the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your

Answer Sheet.

1. Without clear guidelines ________, executives of hospitals are sometimes at a loss what to do.

A. in order

B. in place

C. in need

D. in trouble

2. Despite the suspect’s ________ to be innocent, there is compelling evidence that he was involved.

A. conviction

B. assertion

C. accusation

D. speculation

3. Some politicians in Japan still believe that the Nanjing massacre is nothing but a

________.

A. novel

B. flaw

C. truth

D. myth

4. Teenagers can become ________ and hard to handle if every single decision is taken

away from them.

A. obedient

B. cooperative

C. rebellious

D. aesthetic

5. Many people choose to be honest when creating their online ________ to make future

dating easier.

A. pretexts

B. prepositions

C. profiles

D. protests

6. A person can explain his professional goals ________ position, prestige or income.

A. in terms of

B. in case of

C. in view of

D. in honor of

7. Forty-five years of conflict and ________ between East and West are now a thing of the

past.

A. conviction

B. compatibility

C. collaboration

D. confrontation

8. An overseas market with a great growth potential is not easy to ________.

A. break down

B. break up

C. break through

D. break into

9. Students of English are advised to try to ________ the meaning of a new word from the

context.

A. turn out

B. figure out

C. look out

D. put out

10. The drastic changes that have taken place in china have won worldwide ________.

A. identification

B. realization

C. admission

D. recognition

11. The finding of this experiment is ________ with what was previously reported.

A. consistent

B. constant

C. coherent

D. competent

12. Reading extensively can broaden our vision and extend our life into a new ________.

A. perspective

B. hierarchy

C. layer

D. dimension

13. An earthquake of 8-________ struck some parts of this province, causing a death toll of

over 30,000.

A. altitude

B. aptitude

C. magnitude

D. gratitude

14. The journalist who had set out to obtain these important facts ________ a long time to

send them.

A. spent

B. took

C. passed

D. consumed

15. Telling your doctor about all the medicines you take may help avoid serious drug

________.

A. interactions

B. interruptions

C. interventions

D. institutions

16. Two dozen New Yorkers stood on the platform at the subway station, ________

briefcases and newspapers.

B. clipping B. clutching

C. clashing

D. clarifying

17. Iran has expanded its uranium enrichment activities ________ UN demands to scrap its

nuclear-related programs.

A. in defiance of

B. in line with

C. in return for

D. in relation to

18. China moved to ________ its grain production when its grain output had kept declining

for five consecutive years.

A. turn up

B. take up

C. step up

D. make up

19. The dean asked the secretary if there were enough people ________ to hold a faculty

meeting.

A. on purpose

B. on end

C. on hand

D. on average

20. Visitors to this war museum are ________ to see photos of mass massacre by Japanese

soldiers.

A. amazed

B. startled

C. wondered

D. started

Part II Cloze Test (15 points, 1 point each)

Directions:There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each

blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you

have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer

Sheet.

It was the worst tragedy in 21 history, six times more deadly than the titanic.

When the German cruise ship Whhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes 22 from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II, more than 10,000 people─mostly women, children and old people 23 the final Red Army push into Nazi Germany --- were 24 aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families 25 into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down. Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down. Some, who succeeded, fought 26 those in the water 27 had the strength to try to claw their way aboard. Most people froze immediately. “I’ll never forget the screams, “says Christa Ntitzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls 28 the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave ─and into seeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half a century.

Now Germany’s Nobel Prize-winning author Gtnter Grass has 29 the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 children 30 has latest novel Crab Walk, published last month. The book which will 31 in English next year, doesn’t 32 the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later: “Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East.” The reason was obvious. As Grass 33 it in a recent interview with the weekly Die Woche: Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so 34 , we didn’t have the energy left to 35 our own sufferings.”

21. A. marine

22. A. fire

23. A. fleeing

24. A. thrust

25. A. skidding

26. A. against

27. A. that

28. A. watching

29. A. regained

30. A. in

31. A. come in

32. A. dwell in

33. A. spoke

34. A. dominant

35. A. talk of B. marinade

B. firing

B. running away

B. crowded

B. sliding

B. with

B. which

B. looking

B. relived

B. by

B. come out

B. dwell on

B. implied

B. remarkable

B. tell of

C. maritime

C. being fired

C. escaping

C. tucked

C. skipping

C. off

C. whom

C. seeing

C. revived

C. along with

C. come by

C. dwell at

C. shot

C. prominent

C. speak of

D. marital

D. fired

D. breaking

D. packed

D. slipping

D. for

D. who

D. staring

D. raised

D. with

D. come off

D. dwell with

D. put

D. conspicuous

D. mention

Part III Reading Comprehension (30 point)

Section A (20 points, 1 point each)

Directions:In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from

the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar

across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.

Passage One

Reading new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.

Arthur von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland, Where bottled water is consumed daily. Even then, he kept a water journal, noting the brands he liked best. “My dog could tell the difference between bo ttled and tap water.” He says.

But is plain tap water all that bad? Not at all. In fact, New York’s municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive.

Nevertheless, soft-drink companies view bottled water as the next battle-ground for market share-this despite the fact that over 25 percent of bottled water comes from tap water: PepsiCo’s Aquafina and Coca-Cola’s Dasani are both purified tap water rather than spring water.

As diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and restaurateurs salivate(垂涎) over the profits. A restaurant’s typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water it’s often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren’t available in stores, most dines don’t notice or care.

As a result, some restaurants are turning up the pressure to sell bottled water. According to an article in The Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the dinners if they want it.

Regardless of how it’s sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity.

36. What do we know about Iceberg Water from the passage?

A. It is a kind of iced water.

B. It is just plain tap water.

C. It is a kind of bottled water.

D. It is a kind of mineral water.

37. By saying “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water” (Line 5, Para 2)

A. plain tap water is certainly unfit for drinking

B. bottled water is clearly superior to tap water

C. bottled water often appeals more to dogs taste

D. dogs can usually detect a fine difference in taste

38. The “fancier brands” (Line 4 Para 5) refers to ____

A. tap water from the Thames River

B. famous wines not sold in ordinary stores

C. PepsiCo’s Aquafina and Coca-Cola’s Dasani

D. expensive bottled water with impressive names

39. Why are some restaurants turning up the pressure to sell bottled water?

A. Bottled water brings in huge profits

B. Competition from the wine industry is intense

C. Most diners find bottled water affordable

D. Bottled water satisfied diners’ desire to fashionable

40. According to passage, why is bottled water so popular?

A. It is much cheaper than wine

B. It is considered healthier

C. It appeals to more cultivated people

D. It is more widely promoted in the market

Passage Two

As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease –especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight , but does not eat very nutritious(有营养的) foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk , and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.

The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “ not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. Both types have simply been called “well”. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise and they make a point of monitoring their body's condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be

"well," in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. "Wellness" may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.

41. Today medical care is placing more stress on______.

A. keeping people in a healthy physical condition

B. monitoring patients' body functions

C. removing people's bad living habits

D. ensuring people's psychological well-being

42. In the first paragraph, people are reminded that_____.

A. good health is more than not being ill

B. drinking, even if not to excess, could be harmful

C. regular health checks are essential to keeping fit

D. prevention is more difficult than cure

43. Traditionally, a person is considered "well" if he ______.

A. does not have any unhealthy living habits

B. does not have any physical handicaps

C. is able to handle his daily routines

D. is free from any kind of disease

44. According to the author, the true meaning of "wellness" is for people _____.

A. to best satisfy their body's special needs

B. to strive to maintain the best possible health

C. to meet the strictest standards of bodily health

D. to keep a proper balance between work and leisure

45. According to what the author advocates, which of the following groups of people would

be considered healthy?

A. People who have strong muscles as well as slim figures.

B. People who are not presently experiencing any symptoms of disease

C. People who try to be as healthy as possible, regardless of their limitations.

D. People who can recover from illness even without seeking medical care.

Passage 3

The study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry called biotechnology. As the name suggests, it blends biology and modern technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. It blends biology and modern technology through such techniques as

genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, specialize in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent seeds that give a high yield, that resist disease, drought, and frost, and that reduce the need for hazardous chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops.

“In nature, genetic diversity is created with certain limits.”Says the Genetic Engineering, Food, and Our Environment.“a rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato… Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to transfer a desired property or character. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes taken from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans.”In essence, then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that separate species.

Like the green revolution, what some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity---some say even more so because geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and tissue culture, processes that produce perfectly identical copies, or clones. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and environment. “We are flying blindly into a new era of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potential outcomes,” said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.

46. According to the author, biotech companies are _____________.

A. mostly specialized in agriculture

B. those producing seeds of better properties

C. mainly concerned about the genetically engineered crops

D. likely to have big returns in their business

47. Now biotech products are made _____________.

A. within the limits of natural genetics

B. by violating laws of natural genetics

C. without interference of humans

D. safer than those without the use of biotechnology

48. In nature, genetic diversity is created _____________.

A. by mixing different species

B. within the species itself

C. through natural selection

D. through selection or contest

49. Biotechnology has made it possible ___________.

A. for us to solve the food shortage problem in the world

B. for plants to be produced with genes of humans

C. for humans to assume the cold-resistant property

D. to grow crops with the taste of farm animals

50. According to the author, with the development of biotechnology __________.

A. the species of creatures will be reduced

B. our living environment will be better than it is now

C. humans will pay for its side effect

D. we will suffer from fewer and fewer diseases.

Passage 4

The young man who came to the door---he was about thirty, perhaps, with a handsome, smiling face---didn’t seem to find my lateness offensive, and led me into a large room. On one side of the room sat half a dozen women, all in white; they were much occupied with a beautiful baby, who seemed to belong to the youngest of the women. On the other side of the room sat seven or eight men, young, dressed in dark suits, very much at ease, and very imposing. The sunlight came into the room with the peacefulness that one remembers from rooms in one’s early childhood---a sunlight encountered later only in one’s dreams. I remember being astounded by the quietness, the ease, the peace, and the taste. I was introduced, they greeted me with a genuine cordiality and respect---and the respect increased my fright, for it meant that they expected something of me that I knew in my heart, for their sakes, I could not give---and we sat down. Elijah Muhammad was not in the room, Conversation was slow, but not as stiff as I had feared it would be. They kept it going, for I simply did not know which subjects I could acceptably bring up. They knew more about me and had read more of what I had written, than I had expected, and I wondered what they made of it all, what they took my usefulness to be. The women were carrying on their own conversation, in low tones; I gathered that they were not expected to take part in male conversations. A few women kept coming in and out of the room, apparently making preparations for dinner. We, the men, did not plunge deeply into any subject, for, clearly, we were all waiting for the appearance of Elijah. Presently, the men, one by one, left the room and returned. Then I was asked if I would like to wash, and I, too, walked down the hall to the bathroom. Shortly after I came back, we stood up, and Elijah entered. I do not know what I had expected to see. I had read some of his speeches, and had heard fragments of others on the radio and on television, so I associated him with strength. But, no---the man who came into the room was small and slender, really very delicately put together, with a thin face, large warm eyes, and a most winning smile. Something came into the room with

him his---his worshipers’joy at seeing him, his joy at seeing them. It was the kind of encounter one watches with a smile simply because it is so rare that people enjoy one another.

51. Which of the following is the best alternative word for “imposing (line 6)?

A. Enthusiastic

B. Hostile

C. Impressive

D. Anxious

52. Which word best describes the atmosphere in the room?

A. Tranquil

B. Solemn

C. Chaotic

D. Stressful

53. Which of the following statements is true about the author?

A. He talked little

B. He was puzzled

C. He enjoyed the conversation

D. He got more respect than he deserved

54. The men didn’t get deeply involved in any subject because they ___________.

A. had little knowledge

B. didn’t know one another well

C. wanted to relax themselves

D. awaited the arrival of someone important

55. What can we learn about Elijah?

A. He was admired by others.

B. He was very handsome.

C. He was a man with determination.

D. He was happy to give speeches.

Section B (10 points, 2 points each)

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with five questions. After have read the passage, answer each question in English with no more than 15 words. Write

down your answer on the Answer Sheet.

Global warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave part of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.

Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.

Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. “Wouldn’t it be useful if the United States

were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn’t it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action,” Alley said.

Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley’s research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold were such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.

“This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem is getting along with each other. But it’s part of that because we’re not going to get along with each other if we’re not getting along with the planet,” Alley said.

56. What did the global climate specialist Richard Alley told to the audience at the

University of Vermont?

57. What causes the dramatic climate changes according to Alley’s research?

58. Why does Alley feel optimistic about global warming?

59. What does Ally suggest people to do in order to reduce global warming?

60. According to Alley, what is the biggest problem in the world?

Part IV Error Detection and Correction (10 points, 1 point each) Directions:The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved you should

proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. Write down your

correction on the Answer Sheet.

For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct

one in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “Λ”

sign and write the word you believe to be missing

in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For an unnecessary word Cross the unnecessary with a slash “/” and put the

word in the blank provided at the end of the line. Example:

When Λ art museum wants a new exhibit, it never buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (1) an

(2) never

(3) exhibit

DDT, the most powerful pesticide the world had ever known,

exposed nature’s vulnerability. Unlike most pesticides, which effectiveness is limited to destroy one or two types of insects, DDT was capable of killing hundreds of different kinds at once. Developed in 1939, it first distinguished itself during World War II, cleaning south Pacific islands of malaria-caused insects for U.S troops, while in Europe being used an effective delousing powder. Its inventor was awarded by the Nobel Prize.

When DDT became available for civilian use in 1945, there were only a few people who expressed the second thoughts about this new miracle compound. One was nature writer Edwin Way Teale, who warned, “A spray as discriminate as DDT can upset the economy of nature as much as a revolution upsets social economy. Ninety percent of all insects are good, but if they are killed, things go out of balance right away.” Another was Rachel Carson, who wrote to the Reader’s Digest to propose an article about series of tests on DDT being conducted not far from which she lived in Maryland.

The magazine rejected the idea. (61)

(62)

(63)

(64)

(65)

(66)

(67)

(68)

(69)

(70)

Part V Translation (15 points, 3 points each)

Directions:Translate the five underlined sentences in the following passage into Chinese.

Write down your translation on the Answer Sheet.

When President Bush announced a plan early this year to sent Americans back to the moon ─ and beyond, to Mars ─ (71) skeptics wondered whether NASA, with its decades of tread-water budgets and institutional inertia, was up to the job.

Equally important, though, is a companion question: Is the aerospace industry up to the job? (72) Boeing, for one, says it is eager to take up the challenge, and refers to decades of expertise in running enormously complex space ventures.

(73) But the very process that made it the biggest NASA contractor ─a sweeping consolidation of the aerospace industry ─has sharply reduced competition, and with it, critics say, the creative clash of ideas that helps produce great technological leaps.

(74) Boeing, Lockheed Martin and other companies that contribute to the space program are the stewards of an ailing industry, facing a brain drain as its aging engineers retire, with few newcomers entering the field.

(75) The uncertainty has been underscored recently. Since Bush made his initial announcement, which was greeted with some public skepticism, he has been largely silent on the subject, not even mentioning it in his State of the Union address.

Part VI Writing (20 points)

Directions:The following, is a piece of news report. Read it carefully and write a comment of no less than 200 words.

Victims refuse to Act as Eye-Witnesses for Police

A policeman in Jinan was seriously stabled while trying to catch a hijacker who attempted to rob a young couple. The couple, however, refused to act as eye-witnesses to the incident, reports Qilu: Evening News.

During their patrol along a quiet lane last Saturday evening, three local policemen caught two men robbing the couple. The third, however, ran away, with a luxurious purse and a bulky business bag under each arm, which obviously belonged to the couple. He was thinner, taller, but fiercer.

When one of the policeman, Shi Lei, gave chase, the cornered robber stabbed him and fled. The couple said they were too busy to help police record the incident, and also left.

Shi has appealed for the couple to assist police.