1.语法复习一：句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句
语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句
一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：
His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
练习一
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：
I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad
has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.
三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.
四、选择填空：
( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.
A. Now there the man
B. The man here now
C. The man who is here now
D. The man is here now
( ) 2. The weather ____.
A. wet and cold
B. is wet and cold
C. not wet and cold
D. were wet and cold
( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.
A. sweets
B. sweetly
C. nicely
D. sweet
( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.
A. lately
B. late
C. latest
D. latter
( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.
A. dead
B. died
C. dyed
D. deaded
( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.
A. We, us
B. Us, we
C. We, our
D. We, we
( )7. He found the street much ______.
A. crowd
B. crowding
C. crowded
D. crowdedly
( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.
A. its
B. it
C. that
D. that is
( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.
A. looks
B. is looked
C. is being looked
D. was looked
( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.
A. that
B. when
C. in which
D. where
二、简单句、并列句和复合句
（一）句子种类两种分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class
4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
2、按句子的结构可分三种：
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。
e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
（二）简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.
2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car.
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.
注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
（三）并列句的分类
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
（四）高考考点探讨
1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。
2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。
3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。
4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。
如：W e will go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow。
练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句
一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?
9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
I hope you are very well（）. I'm fine, but tired（）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（）. August is the hottest month here（）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（）Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（）. But he employs more men for the harvest（）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（）. Every evening we pump water from a well（）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（）.
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（）. These parties often make us very happy（）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（）. It's great（）! Americans eat a lot of meat —too much in my opinion（）. Some of my friends drink beer（）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（）. There are five different time areas in the States（）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（）. How many different time areas do you have in China（）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（）. Please give my best regards to your parents（）.
三、选择填空：
1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.
A. and
B. or
C. if
D. so
2. It’s the third time that John has been late, ____?
A. hasn’t he
B. isn’t he
C. isn’t it
D. hasn’t it
3. ____ joyful he was to meet his brother again!
A. How
B. What
C. What a
D. What an
4. Let us pass, ____?
A. shan’t we
B. shall we
C. won’t we
D. will you
5. I suppose he’s serious, ____ ?
A. do I
B. don’t I
C. is he
D. isn’t he
6. You had better not smoke here, ____?
A. will you
B. had you
C. shall you
D. have you
7. Train as hard as you can ____ you’ll win the swimming competition.
A. then
B. but
C. and
D. or
8. I’m sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off th e lights when you left the room last night.
A. and
B. but
C. so
D. because
9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and ____.
A. Henry hasn’t too
B. Henry also has not either
C. neither Henry has
D. neither has Henry
10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, ____ others enjoy swimming.
A. or
B. for
C. while
D. so
11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home?
---- I’d like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so
12. ---- “____ is the temperature today?”----“It’s 38 degrees.”
A. Which
B. How
C. How hot
D. How high
13. ---- Your uncle isn’t an engineer, is he?---- ____.
A. Yes, he isn’t
B. No, he isn’t
C. No, he is
D. He is
14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone!
A. How, is she
B. What, is she
C. How, she is
D. What, she is
15. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.
A. or
B. so
C. for
D. yet
16. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. was making
B. makes
C. is making
D. made
17. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library.
A. but
B. and
C. or
D. yet
18. ---- I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.
---- ____ what you want and I can get it for you.
A. Tell me
B. If you would say to me
C. You will tell me
D. If you tell me
19. As he is strong, ____ can lift one hundred pounds.
A. yet he
B. but he
C. and
D. he
20. ---- I thought you had an umbrella. ---- I had, ____ I’ve lost it.
A. since
B. but
C. because
D. so
21. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. Turning
B. To turn
C. Turned
D. Turn
22. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ fish.---- I don’t like chicken ____ I like fish very much.
A. and, and
B. and, but
C. or, and
D. or, but
23. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight? ---- I’d like to, ____ I’m too busy.
A. and
B. so
C. as
D. but
24. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and
B. then
C. or
D. otherwise
25. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.
A. arriving
B. to arrive
C. having arrived
D. and arrived
26. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointed
27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A. whom
B. where
C. which
D. while
28. ____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. When left
B. Leaving
C. If you leave
D. Leave
29. ---- Alice, you feed the bird today, ____? ---- But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you
B. will you
C. didn’t you
D. don’t you
30. ____ him and then try to copy what he does.
A. Mind
B. Glance at
C. Stare at
D. Watch
四、按要求完成下列句子：
1. He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）
2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（对画线部分提问）
3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ____________?（完成反意疑问）
4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）
5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句)
6. It is an interesting story.（改为感叹句）
7. This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（对画线部分提问）
8. They could hardly believe his words, ____________?（完成反意疑问）
9. The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）
10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class. （对画线部分提问）
参考答案：
练习一：
一、1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语
二、略
三、略
四、1~5 CBDBB 6~10 ACBAB
练习二：
一、1、简单句；2、复合句；3、简单句；4、简单句；5、并列句；6、复合句；7、并列句；8、复合句；9、简单句；10、简单句
二、
I hope you are very well（复合句）. I'm fine, but tired（简单句）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（并列句）. August is the hottest month here（简单句）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（并列句）Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（简单句）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（并列复合句）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（简单句）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（复合句）. But he employs more men for the harvest（简单句）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（简单句）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（简单句）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden （简单句）. Every evening we pump water from a well（简单句）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（简单句）.
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（简单句）. These parties often make us very happy （简单句）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（简单句）. It's great（简单句）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（简单句）. Some of my friends drink beer（简单句）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（复合句）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（简单句）. There are five different time areas in the States（简单句）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（简单句）. How many different time areas do you have in China（简单句）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（简单句）. Please give my best regards to your parents（简单句）.
三、1~5 ACADD 6~10 BCBDC 11~15 ADBCC 16~20 ABADB 21~25 DDDCD 26~30 ADDBD
四、1. He doesn’t dare to tell the truth. 或He dare not tell the truth. 2. How long have they lived here? 3. won’t there
4. Be careful with your pronunciation.
5. Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening?
6. What an interesting story (it is)! 或How interesting the story is!
7. How often does this magazine come out?
8. could they
9. How brightly the moon is shining! 10. Who is always encouraging us to speak English in class?
中考英语语法专题训练—复合句含答案与解析
专题训练十一 复合句 1. --- Could you tell me _____ for the fruit? ---By paying over the Internet. A. how much will I pay B. how much I will pay C. how will I pay D. how I will pay 2. I don't know ______ during the summer vacation. Do you have any advice? --- How about visiting Beijing International Horticultural Expo （ 北京世界园艺博览会 ）? A. what should I do B. when should I go C. what I should do D. when I should go 3. Would you please tell me ______ ? --- It's Mr. Black's. 7. --- I wonder ______ Jane gets on so well with her classmates. --- Because she always cares much about others. A. when the robot was bought C. why the robot was made 4. Rose is wondering _______ . A. what is Matt doing C. when will Aaron leave 5. --- Dear friends, do you still rem ---To realize our dreams! A. why you came here C. how you came here B. who the robot belongs to D. which city the robot was taken to B. where has Jason gone D. who did the washing _______ three years ago? B. why did you come here D. how did you come here 6. ---I wonder _______ --- Someone who can make me a better person. A. when you often meet your friends C. who you want to make friends with B. how you make your friends happy D. where you spend weekends with friends
简单句的6种类型和句子成分的分析
英语三大基本句型 句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和主从句。 一、简单句 简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子。We all learn English. (一个主语和一个谓语） My father and mother go to work at 7:00 in the morning.（一个并列主语和一个谓语） He once lived and worked there. (一个主语和一个并列谓语) 1.主语+谓语 这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物动词，例： Things change.事物是变化的。 Nobody went.没有人去。 --Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？ --NO，we flew.不，我们是飞去。 2.主语+连系动词+表语 这种句型称为主系表结构，其实连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词，但实质上表语成了谓语，例： Mr. Turner is an artist.特纳先生是位画家。 The milk turned sour.牛奶变酸了。 She became a lawyer.她当了律师。 3.主语+谓语+宾语 这种句型可称为主谓宾结构，它的谓语一般多是及物动词，例： We never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。 My sister will fix everything.我姐姐会料理一切。 4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语 这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构，其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词，两个宾语一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语，例： He gave the book to his sister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。 I'll write you a long letter.我将写给你一封长信。 5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
语文语法—句子成分
语文语法—句子成分 句子的组成部分,包括主语.谓语.宾语.定语.状语.补语六种主语： 1.定义：主语是句子中的陈述对象，说明是谁或什么。 2.特点：A.经常由名词.代词.名词性短语充当。B.一般表示谓语所说的是“谁”或“什么”。 3.符号：双行线═。 谓语： 1.定义：用来说明陈述主语。 2.特点：A.经常由动词.形容词充当。B .一般表示主语“怎么样”或“是什么”。 3.符号：单行线 _____。 宾语： 1.定义：表示谓语动词的涉及对象的语言单位。 2.特点：A.经常由名词.代词.名词性短语充当。B.一般表示谓语“怎么样”或“是什么”。 3.符号：波浪线﹏﹏。 4.凡能愿动词，如“希望.想.可以.说”等词后面的一般都作宾语处理。 定语：
1.定义：用在主语和宾语前面，起修饰和限制作用的语言单位。 2.特点：A.经常由名词.形容词.动词.代词充当。B.一般定语与中心词之间有“的”字连接。 3.符号：小括号（）。 状语： 1.定义：用在动词.形容词谓语前，起修饰和限制作用的语言单位。 2.特点：A.经常由副词.形容词.动词.表示处所和时间的名词和方位词充当。B.一般状语与中心词之间有“地”字连接。 3.符号：中括号 [ ]。 补语： 1.定义：谓语后面的附加成分，对谓语起补充说明作用，回答“怎么样”.“多久”.“多少”（时间.处所.结果）之类问题的语言单位。 2.特点：A.经常由动词.形容词副词充当。B.一般补语与中心词之间有“得”字连接。 3.符号：单书名号〈〉。 一般完整的句子成分的排列为：定语（修饰主语）主语状语谓语补语定语（修饰宾语）宾语句子成分符号：主语 = 谓语－宾语～定语（）状语 [ ] 补语顺口溜主谓宾，定状补主干枝叶分清楚主干成分主谓宾枝叶成分定状补定语必
初中英语复合句
初中重点语法 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。（参见以下各条） 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法： (1) 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。 例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 ①基本形式：（主句＋）连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ②关于宾语从句连词的选择： 若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将 代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster.(我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在 哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时； 如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) ④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待： be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。) (3) 状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、 目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。 时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该 用现在时替代。如：When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. (你完成工作就可 以出去和Jim一起玩了。) / I won’t leave until Mum comes back. (妈妈回来了我才会走。) 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever等引导。如：Go back where you came from! (哪里来还滚到哪里去！) / I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. (我永远也不会 忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。) 原因状语从句通常由because, since, as等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如：He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him. (他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。) 目的状语从句通常由so that..., so...hat..., in order that...等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can / could / may / might等情态动词。如：He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train. (他起身 更早为的是赶上第一班车。) 结果状语从句通常由so that..., so...that... 等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如：He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one. (他丢了那么多 辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。) 比较状语从句通常由as, than, as (so)...as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如：Jane is much taller than I/me. (Jane比我高多了。) / I don’t have as many books as you (do). (我书没有你多) 让步状语从句通常由though (although), as, even if( even though), however, whatever等引导。如：Even if you pay the debt(债务) for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me. (即使你替 我还了债我也不会感谢你,因为它与我毫无关系。) / He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold. (他穿 了一件T恤衫,尽管天很冷。)
英语简单句句子成分分析
英语句子成分分析（简单句） 教学目标 第一，让孩子们认识到学习英语句子成分的必要性和重要性。 第二，让孩子们能够掌握常见的句子结构，能够学会分析简单句子的成分。 教学方式 多媒体教学。每个知识点可与学生互动，由助教辅助演示课程讲解中的例句、知识点，搜集学生问题，并做出解答。 教学内容 句子成分分析中的词性不做此次的讲述重点，而将重点关注到除词性外的句子结构成分分析上，主要包括： 1、句子基本结构：主谓（宾，宾/宾,宾/宾补）结构和主系表结构； 2、句子成分：表语，定语，状语，宾语补足语，同位语等。 讲稿： 简单句的基本概念 只有一个主谓结构的独立句子叫简单句。在简单句中, 主语和谓语可以由一个词或短语充当，也可以由两个或两个以上的词或短语充当，组成并列的主语或并列的谓语。例如：Mary and Jane woke up and got dressed. 除了主语和谓语外，简单句中还可以有宾语、定语、状语、补语等。 简单句的五种基本句型 主语+ 系动词+ 表语(谓语为系动词+ 表语) They are birds of a feather . 主语+ 动词(不及物动词作谓语) The bus came. rise, fall, arise, exist… 主语+ 动词(及物动词作谓语)+ 宾语The early bird catches the worm . 主语+ 动词(谓语) + 宾语+ 补语I heard the birds singing merrily . 主语+ 动词(谓语) + 间宾+ 直宾She bought Mary a bird . 有些动词可以作及物动词,后面带宾语,也可以作不及物动词, 后面不带宾语,意思上没有什么变化。这类动词常用的有:drink, help, change, clean, cook, draw, lend, save, ride, point, steal, marry, shave, drive, smoke, lecture, sing, wash, write, type, study, learn, iron, spend, eat 等。 例如: The weather changed . We changed our plan. 有些动词既可以是及物动词,也可以是不及物动词,使用的场合不同, 意思有所变化,如: sit,stand, fly, work, mind, air, dress, escape, miss, hang, meet, play, pass, move, press, run, shoot, turn, touch, tend, follow, exercise, hold, count, head, show, win, reflect, propose, cheat, beat, blow hurt, fit, manage, spread, stretch, strike 等。例如: The trees moved in the wind . 树在风中摇曳。The tale moved her to tears .这故事使她感动得落泪。 简单句的句子成分 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 一．主语（subject） 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，是一个句子陈述的对象，或是动作的执行者。它回答的
语文语法知识：句子成分划分
句子成分 一、句子成分 1．什么是句子 句子是由词或词组构成的，是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气，句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。我们今天要研究的是单句，要给它划分成分。 2．句子成分的名称及符号 名称：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 符号：主语= 谓语－宾语 定语（）状语[ ] 补语< > （1）. 主语 主语是句子的主要成分。主语在句子中表示被陈述的对象，表示全句的语意说的是“谁”或者“什么”。主语通常是名词或者代词，也可以是其他的名物化的短语。例如： 世界人民爱好和平。（名词）他是我们的经理。（代词）全球经济一体化是世界经济发展的方向。（主谓短语名物化）（2）. 谓语 谓语也是句子的主要成分。谓语对主语加以陈述，表示主语“怎么样”或者“是什么”。谓语通常是动词、形容词或者名词，
有时偏正关系的短语也可以做谓语。 溪水涨起来了。（动词）花儿红艳艳。（形容词） 今天星期三。（名词）这张桌子三条腿。（偏正短语）（3.）宾语 宾语是动词的连带成分，表示动作、行为所涉及的对象。常由名词、代词跟在动词后边，或者是名词、代词借助介词用在动词前边；另外表示开始、停止的动词和表示活动的动词短语可以做宾语（动词名物化）。例如： 他吃桃。（名词）人们理解他。（代词）她喜欢跳舞。（动词短语名物化） （4）. 定语 修饰或者限制名词的成分叫做定语。定语表示人或事物的性状、数量、所属等。通常是形容词、数量词、名词、代词，用在名词前边。定语后常用助词“的”。例如： （红色）的花。（形容词）（四双）袜子。（数量词） 他今天穿了件（呢子）大衣。（名词）这是（我）的意见。（代词） （5）．状语 修饰或者限制形容词的成分是状语。状语表示动作的状态、方
高中英语基础语法复习一：句子成分、简单句、并列句和复合句
语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句 一、句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） To swim/swimming in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式/动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language. （三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. （六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：
2020届中考英语语法专项训练：(十二)复合句(含答案)
(十二)复合句 Ⅰ.词汇运用。 A)用适当的引导词完成下列宾语从句。 1．She said that she wanted to stay at home. 2．Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? 3．Tony asked whose handwriting was the best. 4．—I want to know whether he still lives there or not. —Sorry，I don't know，either. 5．Can you tell me what life will be like in the future? B)根据句意，用方框中所给单词填空。 who，if，although，which，when 6．If you drive，you mustn't drink wine at all. 7．Although my cousin is very young，she can help with the housework. 8．When I visited London，I met an old friend. 9．The woman who is talking with my English teacher comes from Hefei. 10．Have you found the answer to the question which I asked you this morning? Ⅱ.按要求完成句子，每空一词。 1．“Have you ever been in a hot air ballon？” Melissa asked her mom.(改为含宾语从句的复合句) Melissa asked her mom if/whether she had ever been in a hot air balloon. 2．Whose schoolbag is on the desk？Father asked.(改为含宾语从句的复合句) Father asked whose schoolbag was on the desk. 3．I won't write unless he writes first.(改为同义句) I won't write if he doesn't write first. 4．He is so fat that he can't get through the door.(改为同义句) He is such a fat man that he can't get through the door. 5．我想知道明天我们在哪里见面。(汉译英) I wonder where we__ will meet tomorrow. Ⅲ.单项选择。 (A)1.—What did your father say to you just now? —He asked me ________. A．if I enjoyed myself at the party B．that I would like to see a movie C．when I will spend my holiday D．when did I attend the graduation party (A)2.—Are you sure ________ Li Ming has flown to London? —Yes.I saw him off at the airport just now. A．that B．if C．whether D．when (B)3.—Have you decided ________ you'll go to Hainan? —Not yet.Maybe by plane. A．when B．how C．where D．whether (C)4.In the UK，a woman usually doesn't like to be asked ________. A．when did she get married B．what is her age C．how much she weighs D．where does she come from (D)5.—Could you tell me ________？ —An engineer.He works in a computer company.
简单句和句子成分
简单句和句子成分 一分析以下句子的句子成分 They are standing on the playground. Fishing becomes popular. Jane finished her homework. 句子的基本要素：主语+谓语 主语一般由名词、代词、动名词和不定式充当。谓语由动词或动词短语充当。动词的词性不同，选用的句式也有所不同 1.句型一：主语+谓语(vi)+(状语) 1)She disappeared. 2）I live in Guangdong. 3）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 不及物动词能表达完整的意思，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等，谓语的修饰词叫状语, 可出现在句首或句末。 2. 句型二：主语+谓语(Link v.)+表语 1)I am a student. 2) We are happy now 3) My job is teaching English. 用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。系动词不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语。 1表语一般跟在系动词后面； 2表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、副词、动名词、不定式、分词或介词短语充当。 系动词包括以下三类（21 words)： be动词“是”; seem 似乎,好像, appear 显得, 好像,似乎; feel 觉得感觉; look看起来;smell闻起来; taste尝起来;sound听起来;become 变得;get 变得; turn 变成; grow 逐渐变成；go 变得;fall 进入某种状态come 变成;stay保持;keep 保持; remain仍然是stand 处于某种状态;continue 继续存在句型三：主语+谓语(vt)+宾语 1. 主语+谓语+名词或代词(n./pron) Many boys likes football very much. 2. 主语+谓语+动名词I enjoy living in the country. 3. 主语+谓语+不定式Mother promised to buy me a new computer. 4. 主语+谓语+wh-+to do sth We haven’t dec ided where to hold the sports meet 1.) 宾语跟在及物动词后面或介词后面 2. )宾语由名词、代词、动名词、不定式或wh-+to do sth充当 跟不定式作宾语的动词: vt+to do afford, agree同意, arrange(设法/约定), ask, beg(恳求,请求), choose, decide, demand(要求,请求), desire(想要), determine, expect, fail, hate, happen(碰巧), hesitate(踌躇), hope, intend, learn, manage(设法成功), mean(打算), offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, etc. 跟动名词作宾语的动词: vt+doing admit承认, advise建议,allow允许,appreciate感激，avoid避免，consider思考, deny否认, dislike不喜欢, enjoy喜欢, escape逃避, finish完成, forbid禁止,imagine想象,include包括, keep保持, mind介意,mention提及, miss错过,permit允许,practice练习, quit停止, resist经得住, suggest建议, feel like想要, 判断以下句子使用哪种句型，并翻译为中文 1. He looks tired. 2. His words hurt me. 3. She decides to stay here. 4. The food tastes delicious. 5. The book belongs to me. 6. Hearing the news, her face turned red. 7. She joined in all kinds of activities at university. 8. To our delight, Doctor Zhang recovered from the disease. 9. He reads the new words again and again in order to learn them by heart. 1. 我不同意他的看法。 2. 他很快睡着了。 3. 三年前他患了肺癌。 4. 我在人群中认出她了。
中考英语语法复合句
人教版中考英语专项练习复合句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句为句子的主体，从句只是做句子的一个成分。根据从句在句子中的作用，可以把从句分为名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句），定语从句和状语从句（时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，方式，比较等）三类。 一.宾语从句 1.宾语从句根据引导词的不同分为三种类型 ⑴由that引导的宾语从句，其中that不做成分，可省略。 We all knew (that) we should learn from each other. ⑵由if/whether引导的宾语从句。 Please tell me if/whether you have been to America. ⑶由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。 Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office? 2.宾语从句“三关” ⑴引导词关 注意：whether与if的区别 只用whether的情况 ①在介词后面 We don`t think about whether it would rain the next day. ②在动词不定式前 They asked me whether to sit at the front. ③当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时 Mary asked whether I was
doing my homework or not at that time ④宾语从句提前时 Whether this is true or not, I can`t say ⑤在动词discuss后的宾语从句中 We discussed whether we should have a sports meeting next week. ⑥引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whether The question was whether he went there last night 只用if的情况 ①引导否定概念的宾语从句时 He asked me if I had`t finished my homework ②引导条件状语从句时，if意为“如果” We`ll go hiking if it doesn`t rain tomorrow ⑵语序关 ①宾语从句若为陈述句，语序不变 ②宾语从句若为一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，语序还原为陈述语序 ⑶时态关 ①如果主句是现在的时态，从句时态据实际情况而定 ②如果主句是过去某种时态，从句时态一定变为过去某时态 注意：宾语从句表述的是客观真理，自然现象时，只能用一般现在时 3.人称变化： 4.从句简化 ⑴当主句谓语动词是find, see,watch,hear等时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为省to不定式或v+ing形式
句子成分分析(学生版)
——句子成分的分析 the book on the desk (课桌上的那本书) 介词短语在这里是作定语修饰book，课桌上（on the desk）上的那本书，不是房间里的、凳子上的等等. 那么经常作定语的有哪些呢主要有：形容词、介词短语、冠词、代词（比如：his book 中his 是来作定语来修饰book的）数词。其中，形容词、介词短语作定语最常见，而且要注意其位置，形容词作定语一般在修饰词之前（前置定语），介词短语一般在修饰词之后（后置定语），你可以参见上面的例句。 现在来试试身手，请找出下面各句中所有的定语，并指出是由什么充当的定语。 1、The little boy needs a blue pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。 2、Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 3、 His boy needs Tom's pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 4、There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。 5、The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 6、The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。 7、There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。 到此为止，我们把绝大部分句子成分已经侃完（只剩下一个句子成分-----同位语，没介绍，感兴趣的同学可查阅有关资料），下面我们主要侃一侃在句子分析实践过程中我们可能常遇到的疑难问题。 1）是状语还是定语区别是定语还是状语关键是看修饰什么词的，一般来讲，定语是来修饰名词或代词的，状语是来修饰谓语动词的。例如； I like the book on the desk . 你说这里的划线部分on the desk 是作定语的还是作状语的呢显然，是作定语的，因为如果是作状语的，那么就是来修饰动词like的，他在课桌上喜欢那本书，显然讲不通。也就是说到底是定语还是状语一是根据它修饰的词二是根据句子意思看能否讲的通。
关于英语复合句的分析
关于英语复合句的分析 " 论文关键词:复合句名词性从句形容词性从句状语从句 论文摘要：英语语法中复合句是一大难点和重点。高中阶段主要是学习复合句知识以及怎样运用这些知识解决语法题和提高阅读能力。如何学好复合句对英语学习和考试有极大的决定性作用。其实复合句是简单句的扩展，只要借助简单句的句型结构分析推理出复合句的主干结构，弄清从句是何种从句，然后再根据从句相应知识点解决语法问题或理解句子。 复合句就是由主句加从句构成的。从句，指这个句子虽然能表达完整意思，但是它却是作为另一个句子（主句）的某成分而存在。主句与从句之间的关系就是，从句是主句的成分，从句可能是主语、宾语、表语、定语或者状语。两个简单句子组合成并列句需要并列词，那么主句与从句组合成复合句就需要关系词。主语从句需要的关系词与定语从句或状语从句需要的不一样，因此从句也有分类的。从句分三大类：名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 只要按步步为营的心态，解决复合句应该不会很难的。我们接触了简单句、并列句和复合句，我们怎样区别它们呢？在这里，我提出区别的标准：句子原则。 句子原则1：一个句子只能有一个谓语，谓语由动词构成。
句子原则2：如果一个句子有多个动词，只有一个是谓语动词，其它为非谓语动词。 句子原则3：如果一个句子有多个谓语，那么这个句子可能是并列句或者是复合句。如果有并列连词，就是并列句，如果没有就是复合句。以上的原则对句子分析是很有帮助的，请熟记之。 虽然我们可以根据句子原则推理出复合句，但是怎样判断究竟是主语从句还是定语从句呢？如果要判断从句，我们按照"三步骤"分析句子。下面我们分析一些例子。 1、Who will go to the conference is not important. 句子中文意思：谁将参加会议并不重要。根据句子原则3，因为没有并列连词，所以是复合句。接下来，我们必须学会判断哪个谓语是主句的谓语，哪个是从句的谓语。首先我们看到who，可是句末不是问号，所以who 应该不是引导复合句的特殊疑问词而是关系词，因此who will go to the conference 是从句。那么is 就是主句的谓语，主句的句子结构是主系表结构，is 前面就应该是句子主语。从句who will go to the conference是主语，即主语从句。 2、The question is whether we shall run out of food soon. 句子中文意思：问题是我们的食物是不是很快吃完了。根据句子原则3，因为没有并列连词，所以是复合句。接下来，我们必须判断哪个谓语是主句的谓语，哪个是从句的谓语。首先我们看到whether，我们了解到whether 是引导名词性从句的关系词，那么whether引导的句子应该是名词性从句。那么shall run out of food 就是从句的谓
英语语法英语句子成分分析
英语语法——英语句子成分分析 句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。 1）主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。如： Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends.(我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。 2）谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如： Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends. (我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be动词，它们在句中作谓语。 3）宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如： They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。) I play with him. (我和他一起玩。) 这两句话中单词teachers是名词，单词him是带词，它们在句中作宾语。 4）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如： This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.) He is a tall boy.（他是个高个子男孩。） 这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词，它们作定语。 ５）状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如： The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。) I often write to him. (我常给他写信。) The bag is too heavy. (这个书包太重了。) 这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词，第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词，它们都作状语。 ６）表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如：This table is long. (这个桌子是长的。) 通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间词作状语放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下：（定语）主语（状语）谓语（定语）宾语（状语） 如：(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo. (The happy) child --- went (his) home yesterday. 请分析下面句子的结构说出各个成分 1）I have two elder sisters. （我有两个姐姐。） 2) They don't swim very well.（他们游泳不太好。） 3) Do you go to school every day? （你每天去上学吗？） 4) I really want a cup of tea.（我真的想要一杯茶。） 5) Miss Smith teaches English very well.（史密斯先生教英语非常好。） 语法其实并没有一些人想象的那么可怕，其实里面有很多趣味。 第一讲英语句子成分 WARM-UP：1)The teacher in the classroom. 2)Sang many songs and danced happily. 3)She attracts. 4)Many people