2015年职称英语综合c级考试用书

【天宇考王】为广大考生归纳总结职称外语最新考试资讯，让考生最先了解职称外语考试报名等有关事项的通知，天宇考王是一款上机练习题库软件，有单机版、网页版、手机版、三位一体多平台学习模式。

补全短文

第十一篇：

Virtual Driver

Driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzing with a brain, and coordination between hands, feet and brain. A man has sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzes through his brain, and maintains coordination between his hands and brains. He can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body. _____(1)_____ Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab, but there is in fact a virtual driver1. This virtual driver has eyes, brains, hands and feet too. The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. If you open the boot, you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system: a built-in computer.

_____(2)_____ The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at2, analyzing their position on the road, choosing the right path, and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.

In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver's best advantage is that it reacts quickly. _____(3)_____ However, it takes the world's best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesn't include the time he needs to take action. With its rapid reaction and accurate control, the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it have the wheel3 at any time and in any place? _____(4)_____ With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways.

The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. _____(5)_____ This being the case4, people still have high hopes about driverless cars, and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like5.

词汇：

virtual /'v?: t?u?l/ adj．虚拟的

built-in adj．嵌入的

coordination /k?u, ?: di'nei??n/n．协调，配合

racecar n．赛车

cab /k?b/ n．驾驶室

expressway /ik'spreswei/ n．高速公路

minicamera n．小型照相机

driverless adj．无驾驶员的

boot /bu:t/ n．（车身后部的）行李箱

注释：

1. virtual driver：虚拟驾驶员

2. The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at…车的大脑负责计算汽车周围物体移动的速度。The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at=The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds at which objects surrounding the car are moving。

3. have the wheel：驾驶汽车

4. This being the case：虽然情况是这样。This being the case是独立主格结构。

5. …highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like．未来的汽车就应该是高度智能化的汽车。

练习：

A Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.

B In the near future, intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation.

C This is the brain of the car.

D But how does an intelligent car control itself?

E It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds.

F However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them.

答案与题解：

1. D “空1”前面三个句子讲的是真人驾驶员驾驶汽车时脑、眼、耳、手、脚并用，而且要协调配合。“空1”之后话题转人虚拟驾驶员。“空1”之后的第一句“Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab…”似乎来得有些突然，与前面句子接得很生硬。所以，中间应该有个过渡句。选项D就是连接上下文的过渡句。

2. C “空2”前面一句意思是，如果你打开车身后部的行李箱，你就能看到自动驾驶系统中最重要的部件，嵌入式计算机。“空2”后的句子中的the brain of the car自然是指前句的built- in computer，但接得太突然。选项C "This is the brain of the car.”就把前后句子联系起来了。this指代上一句的built-in comupter。后面句子的the brain of the car是重复选项C中的the brain of the car，显得很自然。所以，C是答案。

3. E “空3”前面一句意思是，虚拟驾驶员最大的优点是反应快。“空3”后面一句意思是，最好的赛车手至少要1秒钟才能作出反应。“至少要1秒钟”已经暗示，虚拟驾驶员反应速度要比真人驾驶员快。选项B说，虚拟驾驶员只需100毫秒就能作出反应。选项E

使上下文的意思完整，因此是答案。

4. A “空4”前面是一个问句，即“在这种情况下，是不是可以不分时间、不分地点都让虚拟驾驶员驾驶汽车？”“空4”的句子应该回答这个问题：“让还是不让？”选项A 回答了这个问题，因此是答案。

5. F “空5”前面一句意思是，"The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes."（智能汽车按清晰标出的车道线决定自己的行车方向，靠车辆的常规形状识别其他车辆。）选项F的内容正好相反。上一句说“recognizes"，还有“mark the lanes clearly"，而F说“cannot recognize", 又说“no clear markings"。从意思表达

和词汇重复上，都能判断出，F的句子应该出现在“空5”的位置上。

译文：

虚拟驾驶员

驾驶需要敏锐的视觉与听觉，大脑分析，手、脚和大脑的协调配合。人具有敏锐的视觉与听觉能力，能用大脑进行分析，保持手和大脑的配合。人能用身体不伺部位来操控一辆快速行驶的汽车，但是智能化的汽车怎样自动驾驶呢？显然驾驶室里无人驾驶，但事实上的确存在一个虚拟驾驶员，它有眼睛、大脑和手、脚。汽车两边的小型照相机就是它的眼睛，负责观察前方的路况信息和左右两侧的交通状况。如果你打开车身后部的行李箱，你就会看到自动驾驶系统中最重要的部件：嵌入式计算机。它是汽车的大脑，这个大脑负责计算汽车周围物体移动的速度，分析它在路上的位置，选择正确的道路，并对方向盘和操控系统下达指令。

与人脑相比，虚拟驾驶员最大的优点是反应快。对照相机发送的图像，能在100毫秒内完成对其的分析处理。可是世界上最好的赛车手至少要1秒钟内才能做出反应，并且这个时间还不包括他采取应对措施的时间。

由于虚拟驾驶员反应迅速，操控准确，它能大量减少高速公路的事故率。在这种情况下，是不是可以不分时间、不分地点都让虚拟驾驶员驾驶汽车？专家们认为目前尚不可以。由于虚拟驾驶员识别物体的能力有限，目前这种智能化汽车只可以在高速公路上行驶。

智能汽车按清晰标出的车道线决定自己的行车方向，靠车辆的常规形状识别其他车辆。然而, 它却不能识别在普通道路上行驶的没有清晰标记的自行车和行人。虽然情况是这样，人们始终认

为未来的汽车就应该是高度智能化的汽车

第十二篇：

Obesity Causes Global Warming

The list of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing: Last week, obese people were accused of causing global warming.

This conclusion comes from Sheldon Jacobson of the University of Illinois, US, and a doctoral student, Laura McLay. Their study calculates how much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americans around. The answer, they say, is a billion gallons of gas per year. ____1____

There has been calls for taxes on junk food2 in recent years. ____2____"We tax cigarettes partly because of their health cost," Schmidt said. "Similarly, leading a lazy life style will end up costing taxpayers more."

US political scientist Eric Oliver said his first instinct was to laugh at these gas and fast food arguments. But such claims are getting attention.

At the US Obesity Society's annual meeting, one person correlated obesity with car accident deaths, and another correlated obesity with suicides. ____3____"The funny thing was that everyone took it seriously." Oliver said.

In a 1960s study, children were shown drawings of children with disabilities and without them, and a drawing of an obese child. They were asked which they would want for a friend? ____4____

Three researchers recently repeated the study using college students. Once again,

almost no one, not even obese people, liked the obese person. "Obesity was stigmatized." the researchers said.

But, researchers say, getting thin is not like quitting smoking. People struggle to stop smoking, and, in the end, many succeed. Obesity is different. But, not because obese people don't care. ____5____Genes also play a part.

词汇：

obese /?u'bi: s/ adj．肥胖的

correlate /'k?r?leit/v．与……相联系

stigmatize /'stigm?taiz/ v．侮辱

haul /haul/v．运输

stigma /'stigm?/ n．坏名声

注释：

1．carbon dioxide：二氧化碳

2．junk food：垃圾食品

3．cause-and-effect relationship：因果关系

练习：

A A meager diet may keep you thin.

B It means an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide.

C The obese child was picked last.

D US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food delivered to people's cars.

E Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight.

F No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship.

答案与题解：

1．B 第二段讲到Sheldon Jacobson和Laura McLay在一项研究中计算了运送美国胖子一年需要多消耗10亿加仑的汽油。从所给的这些句子来看，只有B是连贯的。B句为：It means an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide．这意味着多放出1100万吨二氧化碳。2．D 第三段的第一个句子，即空格前的句子，讲的是：近些年，不断有人提出要给垃圾食品征税。这是个主题句，那么后面的句子讲得应该更具体一点。D说得更具体，是这么说的：US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food delivered to people's cars．美国经济学家Martin Schmidt建议对送到车上的快餐要征税。另外，从主题的发展来看，也只有这个句子最合适。

3．F 第五段开始时说到，在美国肥胖协会的年会上，有人把车祸造成的死亡跟肥胖联系了起来，也有人把自杀跟肥胖联系了起来。从剩下的句子来看，只有填入F是连贯的。F说的是：No one asked, whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship．没有人问一问它们之间是否真正存在因果关系。

4．C 第六段主要是讲一个试验，先让儿童看一组画，画里有正常的儿童和残疾的儿童，还有一个小胖子，而后问他们愿意和哪个小孩做朋友。C是对这个问题合适的回答。C句为：The obese child was picked last．最后挑的是小胖子。

5．E 最后一段讲的是减肥跟戒烟不一样，在一定程度上受到基因的控制（最后一个句子），

因此很难。所以只有E是合适的。E是这么说的：Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight．科学已经表明，胖子自己几乎是无法控制体重的。译文：肥胖导致全球变暖.归咎于肥胖者的错误清单变得越来越长。上周，肥胖者们被指责导致了全球变暖。

这项结论来自于美国伊利诺伊大学的 Sheldon Jacobson 以及博士生 Laura McLay。他们的研究计算了运送美国胖子需要多消耗多少汽油。据他们称，答案是，每年需要多消耗 10 亿加仑。这意味着多放出 1100 万吨二氧化碳。

近些年，不断有人提出要给垃圾食品征税。而美国经济学家 Martin Schmidt 建议对送到车上的快餐要征税。而美国经济学家 Martin Schmidt 建议对送到车上的快餐要征税。我们对香烟征税一部分是因为人们所需要付出的健康代价太高，Schmidt 说，“同样，一种懒散的生活方式应该让纳税人掏出更多的钱。”

美国政治学家 Eric Oliver 说他本能的第一反应是嘲笑这些有关汽油和食物的言论。但是这些言论却正在获得更多的关注。

在美国肥胖协会的年会上，有人把车祸造成的死亡跟肥胖联系了起来，另有人则将肥胖和自杀联系在了一起。却没有人问一问它们之间是否真正存在因果关系。“而更为可笑的是，每个人都把这样的言论当真。”Oliver 说道。

在 20 世纪 60 年代，儿童按要求看一组画，一幅画里有正常的和残疾的儿童，另一幅画里没有残疾孩子却有一个小胖子，他们被问知愿意和哪个小孩做朋友。小胖子是最后被挑出来做朋友的人选。

最近，这些研究者以大学生为研究对象重复了他们的实验。再一次，没有人，甚至是胖人自己，喜欢肥胖的人。“肥胖受到了鄙视。”研究者这样说道。

但是，研究者称，变苗条不像戒烟。许多力图戒烟的人最终都成功了。可肥胖却不同。这不是肥胖者们不够在意，科学已经表明，胖子自己几乎是无法控制体重的。因为基因在起作用。

第十三篇：

The Value of Motherhood

In shopping malls, the assistants try to push you into buying "a gift to thank her for her unselfish love".When you log onto1 a website, a small pop-up2 invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May. ____1____The popularity of Mother's Day around the world suggests that Jarvisgot all she wanted. In fact, she got more 一enough to make her horrified. ____2____They buy, among other things, 132 million cards. Mother's Day is the No 1 holiday for flower purchases. Then there are the various commodities, ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder, that take advantage of the promotion opportunities. Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother's Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother's Day even got her arrested-for disturbing the peace, interestingly. ____3____As Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian, observe, traditionally "motherhood is something that we do because we think it's right."But in the logic of commercia'ism, peopl need something in exchange for their

time and energy. A careerserves this purpose better. ____4____So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation. ____5____According to The Guardian, there are twice as many child-free youngwomen as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives.

So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother's Day needs to be updated: "It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people."

词汇：

motherhood /'m?e?hud/ n．母性

bouquet/'bu: kei/ n．花束

website /'websait/n．网站

注释：

1．log onto：登录到。log onto a website：登录到一个网站

2．pop-up：弹出式菜单

…a small pop-up invites you to book a bouquet for her一张小的弹出式菜单要你为她订一束花。

练习：

A The American version of Mother's Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.

B But what's more, commercialism changes young people's attitude towards motherhood.

C Obviously, the best gift will be a phone call or a visit.

D According to a research by the US card company Hallmark,96 percent of American consumerscelebrate the holiday.

E As a result, motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s.

F In addition, women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire.

答案与题解：

l．A 第一段主要讲笼罩着母亲节的商业气氛，如店员让你买一件礼物送给你的母亲，表示你感谢她无私的爱。从语气上可以看出，作者对用商业手段表达母爱是反对的。第二段的第二个句子中有Anna Jarvis这个人的名字。最后一个句子是这么说的：In fact, she got more 一enough to make her horrified．事实上，她得到的还要多，多得使她感到可怕。从内容的衔接来看，Anna Jarvis在前面很可能出现过。在所有的选项中只有A出现了这个名字，因此A是对的。

2．D 第三段的第二个句子中出现cards（贺卡）这个词。从主题发展来看，前一句中应该出现过这个词，并且内容更概括。唯有D中出现过这个词并且论述概括，注意：主题句的陈述总是一般的。因此选D。

3．B 第三段的主要内容是进一步讲述表现在母亲节中的商业化以及人们抗议母亲节中的商业化，包括Anna Jarvis个人所做的努力。从内容上看，第四段是讲由于商业化的影响，人

们对母性，也即为母之道发生了变化。选项B是合适的，它是该段的主题句。

4．F 第五段是对第四段主题的进一步发展，因此用F.

5．E 第六段是人们对为母之道的态度的变化的总结，因此用E。

译文：

母性的价值

在商场里，售货员极力地向你推销：“为了感谢母亲无私的爱，为她买束鲜花吧!”当你登录到一个网站的时候，一张小的弹出式菜单要你为她订一束花。在这个5月份特别的星期天里，到处洋溢着充满了商业化的热情和感激的气氛。

美国版的母亲节是在20世纪50年代被作为确定母性价值的方式由Anna Jarvis提出的。“母亲节”在全世界的流行表明Jarvis得到了她想要的一切。事实上，她得到的还要多，多得使她感到可怕。

根据美国大片公司Hallmark做的一项调查显示，有96%的消费者庆贺这一节日。在各种商品之中，卡片的销售量达到1.32亿之多。母亲节的鲜花销售量在所有节日当中位居第-一。此外，还有各种各样其他的商品，从珠宝、衣服到化妆品、冼衣粉，都趁此机会提高销售量。因此，Jarvis 在她生命的最后40年中一直努力阻止如此庆祝母亲节。然而有趣的是，她在一次抵制母亲节商业化的抗议中，竟然以破坏和平的名义被捕。

进一步讲，商业化改变了年轻人对母亲节的态度。正如英国报纸《守卫者》记者Ralph Fevre 评论的一样，传统意义上“选择做母亲是因为我们认为这是正确的”。但从商业逻辑看来，人们需要一些东西来交换为此而付出的时间和精力。一份事业更适合这个目标。

女性被迫追求她们渴望的事业。因此，他们努力地工作，拼命地玩儿。然而成为一个母亲就不可避免地会阻碍事业的发展。

结果，自20世纪50年代以来人们为母之道变化很大。据《守卫者》报道，当今没有孩子的年轻女性是上一代人的两倍。或者她们把做母亲的责任推迟到更晚一些。

于是，Fevre写道，庆祝母亲节的意义需要被更新。“它的意义在于说服人们去相信为人父母是一个崇高的信念，并要尊重有意成为善者的人们。”

第十四篇

The Sandwich Generation

Today people often look forward to their middleage as a time when they will be able to take things easier. After theirchildren are grown, they expect to enjoy the life they have worked hard to create.____(1)____. In middle age, many people discover that they have two ongoingresponsibilities1: one is to look after their aging parents,and theother is to help their young adult children deal with the pressures of life.Around the world, there are millions of people who are “sandwiched”in betweenthe older and the younger generations. Sometimes there may be two or threegenerations living in the same household — a situation that is common in manyAsian countries and in some parts of Europe. In other cases, a couple may betaking care of parents and children, but they do not live with them.

There are two important reasons for the rise ofthe sandwich generation. First, people are living longer than they used to. Inthe early nineteenth century, the average life expectancy for adults in theUnited States，for example，was about 40，whereas today people live to anaverage ageof 75. ____(2)____. The second reason is that these days, youngadults often live with their parents for a longer time than they did in

thepast. This is often for financial reasons. It’s also more common for today’syoung adults to return home during or after college if they need financial oremotional support.2

____(3)____. They may have to cover expenses thattheir parents cannot. They may have to manage their parents’ financial andlegal affairs. They may have to prepare for their parents’ future needs, suchas special medical care or a move to a nursing home. This can be a traumaticexperience for everyone.

Caring for adult children presents challenges aswell, and caregivers have to resolve important questions; How can financialresponsibilities be shared among members of the household? How can householdchores be shared? What is the best way to ensure everyone’s privacy? ____(4)____.

The financial and emotional pressures on thesandwich generation can be overwhelming. However, this time in life also hasits rewards. ____(5)____. It can also provide a valuable opportunity to spendmore time with them. However, in order to survive this difficult period intheir lives, the members of the sandwich generation must remember that theyalso need to pay attention to their own needs and look after the quality oftheir own lives. They can’t be totally selfless.

词汇：

sandwich/ ?s ? n ? d? / n．三明治

traumatic/ tr?:?m?t?k / adj．使人不快的

overwhelming/ ???v??welm?? / adj．令人难以应对的

lifeexpectancy 预期寿命

resolve/ r?'z?lv / vt. 解决

selfless/?selfl?s / adj. 无私的；不考虑自己的

注释：

1．two ongoing responsibilities意为“同时担负两项责任”。

2．It’s also more common for today’syoung adults to return home during or after college if they need financial oremotional support.：现在，年轻人在上大学期间或毕业后还会回家，以寻求经济或情感支持，这种情况也很常见。

3．Successfully coping with theseissues can avoid a lot of stress for the whole family.：成功解决这些问题，就可以为整个家庭减轻很大负担。

练习：

A．Successfully coping with these issues can avoid a lot of stress forthe whole family.3

B．Therefore, children are taking care of their parents over a longerperiod of time. C．People who take care of elderly parents often face difficult issues. D．Young adults feel sandwiched between their financialresponsibilities and their desire to enjoy life.

E．However the reality is often very different.

F．It can be a time to rediscover the special qualities of one’sparents or children. 答案与题解：

1．E 根据本空的上一句：孩子们长大了，中年人期望有时间享受努力工作创造的生活，但是现实却不允许；所以后一句论证为什么会这样，即中年人因为上有老、下有小，所以不能无忧无虑地享受生活。

2．B 依据上一句：19世纪早期，美国人的平均寿命在40岁左右，而现在人们通常能活到75岁。人们寿命延长的结果是：孩子要照顾父母的时间也相应延长了。

3．C 该句是本段的主题句。本段其余几句都在讲照顾父母可能要面临的种种闲难，C是一总括句。

4．A 本段都在讲照料成人孩子面临的种种问题。these issues可以是一种提示，就是指上面提到的问题。

5．F 依据本空的后一句It can also provide a valuable opportunity to spend more time withthem，可以断定这两句是并列句，also一词是提示词。

译文：三明治一代现在很多人都向往中年，觉得到那个时候就能放松一下了。孩子们长大了，中年人期望有时间享受努力工作创造的生活，但是现实却不允许。到了中年，许多人发现自己同时担负两项责任，一个是照顾老去的父母，二个是帮助刚成年的孩子分担生活的压力。全世界有数百万人像三明治一样夹在两代人中间。有些情况下，两代或三代人住在一起，这在许多亚洲国家和一些欧洲国家很常见。在有些家庭中，夫妇俩会照看父母和孩子，但并不与他们居住在一起。三明治一代人数的增加有两个重要原因：一是人们的寿命比以前长了。比如在19世纪早期，美国人的平均寿命在40岁左右，而现在人们通常能活到75岁。因此，孩子们照顾父母的时间变长了。二是出于经济考虑，现在的年轻人跟父母住的时间比以前长了。现在，年轻人在上大学期间或毕业后还会回家，以寻求经济和情感支持，这种情况也很常见。?照顾年迈父母的人常常要面对一些问题。他们要解决几个重要问题：家庭成员间该怎样分担经济负担?家务活怎样分配?怎样才能更好地保护每个人的隐私?成功解决这些问题，就可以为整个家庭减轻很大负担。三明治一代肩上的经济和精神压力可能使他们不堪重负，但中年这段时间也给他们带来回报。这段时间可能会使他们重新发现自己的父母或孩子的特殊才能，同时也给家庭成员共度欢乐时光提供了机会。然而，为了度过生命中这段艰难的时光，三明治一代也要注意，一定要注意自身的需求和健康，不能只为别人考虑而忽视了自己。

第十五篇

Einstein Named "Person of the Century"

Albert Einstein, whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets of the atom and of the universe, was chosen as "Person of the Century" by Time magazine on Sunday.

A man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius，Einstein has come to represent more than any other person the flowering of the 20th century scientific thought that set the stage for the age of technology.

"The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic，but technological 一 technologies that flowed directly from advances in basic science. ” wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Time essay explaining

Einstein's significance. (1)

Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt1 to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism, and Mahatma Gandhi2 as an icon for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics. 、"What we saw was Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedom's fight against totalitarianism, Gandhi personifying the great theme of individuals struggling for their rights, and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances that helped expand the growth of freedom. ” said Time Magazine Editor Walter Isaacson. Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879. (2) He was slow to learn to

speak and did not do well in elementary school. He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams3 ?

In 1905, however, he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history. (3) Everything else —mass，

weight, space, even time itself — is a variable. And he offered the world his now-famous equation ： energy equals mass times the speed of light squared — E = mc2.

(4) "There was less faith in absolutes, not only of time and space but also

of truth and morality."

Einstein's famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons. In 1939, six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University, Einstein，an avowed pacifist4，signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to

develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did. (5) Einstein did not work

on the project.

Einstein died in Princeton, New Jersey in 1955.

词汇：

unravel / ?n'r?vl / vt.解开

synonymous / s??n?n?m?s / adj.同义的

runner-up 亚军，第二名

icon /' 'a?k?n / n.象征；图符

totalitarianism / t???t?l?'te?r??n?z?m / n.极权主义

personify/ p?'s?n?fa? / vt.象征，体现

intricate / ??ntr?k?t / adj.复杂的

constant / 'k?nst?nt / n.常量

variable / 'k?nst?nt / n, 变量

equation / ??kwe??n -??n / n.等式

注释：

President Franklin Roosevelt:美国第 32 任总统罗斯福（1882—1945)

Mahatma Gandhi:印度政治和精神领袖、改革家甘地(1869—1948)

He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams.他无法忍受一切都安排得死死的教学，讨厌考试。

avowed pacifist:公开承认的和平主义者

练习：

A "Indirectly, relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality, art and politics. ” Isaacson wrote in an essay explaining Time's choices.

B How he thought of the relativity theory influenced the general public's view about Albert Einstein.

C ” Clearly, no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein. ”

D Roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the "Manhattan Project" that secretly developed the first atomic weapon.

E In his early years, Einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become.

F In his “ Special Theory of Relativity ”，Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light.

答案与题解：

C本文i要讲爱因斯坦为20世纪人类科学作出的重大贡献。本段是理论物理学家史蒂芬?霍金在《时代》杂志上发表的一篇评价爱因斯坦所作贡献的文章中的几句话，他说世界在近100年里发生的改变比历史上任何一个世纪的改变都大得多。原因不是政治的或经济的,而是基础科学的发展直接引发的科技。这两句话并未提及爱因斯坦，因此此处选C最合适：“很显然，没有哪个科学家比艾尔伯特?爱因斯坦更能代表这些进步。”those在此发挥了衔接作用。

E本段简要介绍爱因斯坦早年生平。E说：“爱因斯坦在小时候并未显示日后会成为大科学家的任何天赋。”后一句话实际上是对E的详细解释。

F本段主要介绍爱因斯坦提出的相对论。第一句话告诉我们1905年的时候爱因斯坦发表一个人类历史上展现出最具奇巧想象力的理论，第三、第四句话是具体解释相对论，F说: “在他的‘特殊相对论’中，爱因斯坦描述了为什么宇宙中唯一不多的是光速。”由此看来F 放在此处最合适，其中constant和variable意思相反，构成词汇衔接(>\化01 cohesion)。A本段是伊萨克森在《时代》杂志上的一篇文章中对相对论的深远意义所做的评述,他说: “相对论间接地为道德、艺术和政治领域中新的相对主义的出现铺平了道挺。”后一句是对此的进一步解释。、

D本段主要讲爱因斯坦与原子能和原子武器发展的关系。前一句告诉我们爱因斯坦1939 年在一封给罗斯福总统的敦促美国抢在纳粹德国之前研制原子弹的信上签了名。D说：“罗斯福对这项建议十分关注，遂制订了秘密制造第一颗原子弹的‘曼哈顿计划’。”后一句说爱因斯坦未参与这个项目，其中the project指的就是the “Manhattan Project"。

译文：

爱因斯坦当选“世纪任务”

艾尔伯特?爱因斯坦的有关空间时间和物质的理论帮助揭开T原子和宇宙的秘密，星期天他被《时代》杂志选为“世纪之人”。

爱因斯坦的名字成了科学天才的同义词，他比任何其他人都更能代表为科技时代奠定基础的繁荣的20世纪科学思想。

理论物理学家史蒂芬?霍金在《时代》上的一篇文章中写道：“世界在近100年里发生的改变比历史上任何一个世纪的改变都要大得多。原因不是政治的或经济的，而是科技的——基础科学的发展直接引发的科技。很显然，没有哪个科学家比艾尔伯特?爱因斯坦更能代表这些进步。”

与此同时，富兰克林?罗斯福总统代表了自由民主战胜了法西斯，穆哈默德?甘地在民族主权和人权成为全球政治的关键因素时成为世纪偶像。

《时代》杂志编辑华特?伊萨克森说：“我们看到的是代表自由反抗独裁的巨大胜利的富兰克林?罗斯福，个人为人民权利斗争的巨大胜利的化身——甘地，伟大的天才和科学革命的标志——爱因斯坦，这次科学革命带来了惊人的有助于扩大自由的科技发展。”

爱因斯坦于1879年出生在德国的乌尔姆。爱因斯坦在小时候并未显示日后会成为大科学家的任何天赋。他学说话学得很晚，在小学里也并不出色。他无法忍受一切都安排得死死的教学，讨厌考试o

然而1905年他发表了历史上人类所能想象的最复杂的理论之一。在他的“特殊相对论”中，爱因斯坦描述了为什么宇宙中唯一不变的是光速。任何其他事物——质量、重量、空间甚至时间本身——都是可变量。他当时向世界提出了现在已经非常著名的方程：能量等于质量乘以光速的平方——E = mc20

伊萨克森在《时代》上的一篇文章中写道：“相对论间接地为道德、艺术和政治领域中新的相对主义的出现铺平了道路。人们越来越不相信绝对，不仅对时间而言，也包括真理和道德o，’

爱因斯坦的等式也是原子能和核武器发展的基础。1939年，在逃离欧洲法西斯的迫害并定居在普林斯顿大学后的第六年，公开承认的和平主义者——爱因斯坦——在一封给罗斯福总统的敦促美国抢在纳粹德国之前开发原子弹的信上签了名。罗斯福对这项建议十分关注，遂制订了秘密制造第一颗原子弹的“曼哈顿计划”。爱因斯坦没有参与这个项目。

爱因斯坦于1955年死于新泽西的普林斯顿。

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A. revolutionary B. long-term C. short-term D. systematic 参考答案：A 5. It frustrates me that I‘m not able to put any of my ideas into practice. A. discourages B. shows C. surprises D. frightens 参考答案：A 6. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A. limit B. fear C. power D. fool 参考答案：B 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. gather B. clear C. share D. spare

2015年职称英语考试综合类A级教材字典版

https://www.360docs.net/doc/1a19066650.html,/ .375. School Lunch Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat properly in the middle of the day.In Britain schools have to provide meals at lunchtime.Children can choose to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen. One shocking finding of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents.There are strict standards for the preparation of school meals,which have to include one portion of fruit and one of vegetables,as well as meat,a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta.Lunchboxes examined by researchers contained sweet drinks,crisps and chocolate bars.Children consume twice as much sugar as they should at lunch time. The research will provide a better understanding of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has increased in the last decade.Unfortunately,the government cannot criticise parents,but it can remind them of the nutritional value of milk,fruit and vegetables.Small changes in their children’s diet can_affect their future health.Children can easily develop bad eating_habits at this age,and parents are the only ones who can prevent it.A Powerful Influence There can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference1to our lives.Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet,hardly ever doing anything else in their spare time.Naturally,parents are curious to find out why the Internet is so attractive,and they want to know if it can be harmful for their children.Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time staring at their computers? Obviously,if children are bent over their computers for hours,absorbed in some game,instead of doing their homework,then something is wrong.Parents and children could decide how much use the child should_make of the Internet,and the child should give his or her word that it won’t interfere with homework.If the child is not holding to this arrangement,the parent can take more drastic steps dealing with a child’s use of the Internet is not much different from negotiating any other sort of bargain about behaviour.Any parent who is_seriously alarmed about a child’s behaviour should make an appointment to discuss the matter with a teacher.Spending time in front of the screen does not necessarily affect a child’s performance at school.Even if a child is absolutely crazy about using the Internet,he or she is probably just going through a phase,and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!The Old Gate In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them.This was partly for defensive reasons but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable,like people with contagious diseases.The Old City of London gates were all demolished by the end of the 18th century.The last of London’s gates was removed a century ago,but by a stroke of luck,it was never destroyed. This gate is,in actual fact,not called a gate at all;its name is Temple Bar,and it marked the boundary between the Old City of London and Westminster.In 1878the Council of London took the Bar down,numbered the stones and put the gate in storage because its design was unfashionable it was expensive to maintain and it was blocking the traffic. The Temple Bar Trust was set up in the 1970’s with the intention of returning the gate home.The aim of the Trust is the preservation of the nation’s architectural heritage.Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it down,stone by stone,removing and rebuilding it near St Paul’s Cathedral.Most of the facade of the gate will probably be replaced,though there is a good chance that the basic structure will be sound.The hardest job of all,however,will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate.Family History In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before,many people are being attracted to the idea of looking back into the past.One way they can do this is by investigating their own family history.They can try to find out more about where their families came from and what they did.This is now a fast-growing hobby,especially in countries with a fairly short history,like Australia and the United States. It is one thing to spend some time going through a book on family history and to take the decision to investigate your own family’s past.It is quite another to carry out the research work successfully.It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and_cause yourself many problems which could have been avoided with a little forward planning. If your own family stories tell you that you are connected with a famous character,whether hero or criminal,do not let this idea take over your research.Just treat it as an interesting possibility.A simple system for collecting and storing your information will be adequate to start with;a more complex one may only get in your way.The most important thing,though,is to get started.Who knows what you might find? Helen and Martin With a thoughtful sigh,Helen turned away from the window and walked back to her favourite armchair.Would her brother never arrive?For a brief moment,she wondered if she really cared that much. Over the years Helen had given up waiting for Martin to take an interest in her.Her feelings for him had gradually weakened until now,as she sat waiting for him,she experienced no more than a sister’s curiosity to see what had become of her brother. Almost without warning,Martin had lost his job with a busy publishing company after spending the last eight years in New York as a key figure in the US office.Somehow the two of them hadn’t bothered to keep in touch and,left alone,Helen had slowly found