考研新东方写作笔记——格式

2008年考研英语作文高分策略

2007-12-18农历二〇〇七年十一月初九

PART 不超过20分钟，不少于10分钟。

PART 建议用40分钟

图画题是重点。高分作文至少写到200字，不超过240字。

注意：可以使用提示语中的关键词，但使用提示语中的词组或句子将被扣分。

区分私人信函还是公务信函，公务信函要严肃，如在私人信函中可以用I’ll , 但在公务信函中只能写成I will，依此类推。

大作文中不允许出现口语化的语言，只能用正式语言。

大作文按两步给分：

奖励分(3分)+基准分(17分)

奖励分给分原则：

一、书法笔迹：

文字书写

笔的选择：黑色碳素笔。

二、正确正规可读：

1、非正规标志：&，.etc, VS.

2、简写World Trade Organization (WTO) 不要一上来就WTO，首次用时要写全称，再括号中注明简写，下文再用时直接用简写民。

标点的问题：

1、逗号、句号不要随便乱点；

2、英文中没有顿号、没有书名号，各词首字母写并写成斜体写表示书名，如Go With The Wind .

3、英文中省略号是三个点···

4、最多只能用一个惊叹号和问号。

三、修改问题：1、尽量不要修改，有三处以上修改评分就降一个档次，

2、不主张对内容的修改。

3、正确的修改：用斜线划掉错误词，在斜线上方写出错误词。漏写了词，划个三角形，在三角形上方加上漏词。

基准分的考察范围

讲三个部分：内容、形式、语言。

一、内容

1、内容相容，自圆其说

13个万能理由：经济、效率、他人、安全、环境、空间、耐久、健康、情感、经验、交流、性格、方便。

2、内容趋同最保险

万能话题的选择—一例多用

例如：环保问题

1、在你家周围建一个工厂，你是否同意？不同意，会污染环境，表现在1、

2、3，所以不同意。

2、你认为科学家对人类的贡献大还是艺术家对人类的贡献大？科学家，环境问题严峻，表现在1、2、3，所以科学家对人类的贡献大。

3、你的职业梦想是什么？科学家，去解决环境问题，现在的环境问题严峻，表现在1、2、3，所以要当科学家。

4、如果让你发明一样机器，你会选择什么？解决环境问题的机器，去解决环境问题，现在的环境问题太严峻了，表现在1、2、3，所以要发明这种机器。

二、形式比较重要

1、一定要分段。严格按提纲写作，写三段。

2、段落安排合理。每段字数安排要合理。

三、语言最重要

1、谚语和典故

2、修辞

As…as

Those men are as busy as bee.

3、语言的准确和地道

翻译新概念第二册后三十篇文章，按汉语翻译成英文，再与原文进行对照，找出不足，使语言地道？

4、复杂的句式

1)简单句变复杂句

形容词和副词

同位语作插入语

介词结构作修饰

非限制性定语

非谓语动词

I, (not) being a teacher, give classes.

I, (not) having been a student, give classes.

How can you, being not a fish yourself, know the happiness of a fish?

It being hot today, I stay at home. 不同主语

2)五大经典句型

倒装

介词地点状语提前，后接系表倒装

In the sunshine, stands a young tree.

否定副词提前，部分倒装

Hardly can I do it.

看语法书中的倒装句

虚拟语气

It is high time that + 主语 + did (是做某事非常紧急和迫切的时候了)

The situation being so serious, it is high time that we took effective measures to…

It is important/urgent/necessary that (should) do…

It is imperative that laws and regulations should be worked out to…

As引导的状语从句

Girl as she is, she sings like a man.

Simple as the picture is, the meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.

状语从句的省略问题

When in Roam, do as Romans do.

完整形式为 When you are in Roam, you do as Romans do.

规则：当从句和主句主语相同，而从句中的谓语动词为系动词时，从句中的主语和系动词可以被省略。

When at the age of 6, I was taught English by my father.

Rather than vs. other than

Rather than 而不是(万能插入语)

I, rather than anyone else, am, rather than was, the best teacher, rather than the worst one.插入一个即可

Other than 除了

No one, other than I, is the best teacher.

5、词汇的多样词

1)词汇量的概念

拼写稍微复杂的词，如9个字母以上。

2)简单词的复杂化，如 of + n.= ad.

the poor, the old, the young

n.+and its like…

so called +n.

3)替代五大恶心词汇

Important of importance/significantly important

Very 将adj.同义词变为adv.即相当于very

Different a variety of, vary from person to person

Think

Thing

4)词汇的有效替换

可数名词不能单独出现，如 a watch, two watches

A computer, many computers

同义词，反义词

文章的连贯性问题

1、并列

1. As well as well, and… as well, not only...but also

I as well as he am a teacher. I am a teacher and he as well.

2、转折副词(不能连接两个句子)

, However, unfortunately, fortunately, on the contrary,

3. while, but

4.递进连词

不推荐first, second, third…因为必须想出三个以下理由

To begin with, besides, last but not the least,

On one hand, on the other hand, in addition,

5、因果关系

副词：Consequently, hence, therefore, as a consequence

介词：owing to

连词：and consequently, so

6、万能关连词

In other word, that is to say, as a mater of fact,

范文分析

The past several years have witnessed a phenomenon that a variety of promises have been arising from all walks of life.

The past decade/ our society/ our country/ / / has witnessed a …

Odd and funny as it seems, such a phenomenon is can be seen and heard everywhere in our country.

Administration department promises to perform one’s tasks effectively and fairly without taking bribes, manufacturing units guarantee to turn out product of good quality, commercial enterprises swear to provide genuine commodity and polite and enthusiastic services. 以上宏观举例并没有用first, second, third 宏观例子更好举。

Find anything new and substantial other than one’s obligations, duties and jobs

I dare say that our society is suffering corruption and cheat which are causing damage to society both materially and morally.

By dishonest words no one can survive the intense competition under market system...

高手的文章，每段开关和结尾都精彩，可定位在18分以上。

It goes without saying that…

And so forth,

Under the planned economic system,

提纲不要求写原因的不要写，坏现象不好写原因。可以举例。

万能结尾句

It will only be a mater of time before the problem becomes things of the past.问题迟早会解决。注：主将从现，主句用一般将来时，从句用现在时。Things 指统称事物。

总结：

1、段落安排合理

2、聪明的学生举例子

3、句式复杂多样

4、用词有效替换

5、语法错误少

考研写作题型深度剖析

出题人是球迷？？查一下近4年真题，看2008年是否仍以体育为背景出题。

总结：

负面话题：

1、describe the picture描述图画

2、interpret its meaning阐明寓意

3、give your comments 给出评论(多为解决方法)

好的、中性话题：

1、描述图画

2、阐明寓意(不举例子)

3、举例子

描述图画段

建议写三个句子

1、万能开头句

The past decade/our country/our society has witnessed a huge development in economy/education/social development owing to the reform and opening up policy being carried out, bring some problems at the same time, with the following one being the foremost.

描述图画

As is clearly/vividly/shown/depicted/drawn in the picture/drawing/photo/cartoon, in the darkness happily stands a candle, spreading brightness around itself. Just as an Arab proverb says, love is like light, being brighter in the darker place/where there is a love, there is hope. 用谚语结尾

As is vividly shown in the picture, in the sunshine stands a pretty American girl in Chinese traditional clothes, wearing necklace and its like, with a sweet smile on her face.

As is shown in the cartoon, on the playground runs a young man, rushing to the final, which is defined as another start one. Tired as he is, he has to continue his journey optimistically.

In the middle of the picture lies an old man, crouching like a ball, who is rejected by his sons and daughter, who are guarding their homes respectively and refusing to take care of their father.

As vividly depicted in the picture, in the chair sits a young man, having his hair cut as cool as David Beckham.

总结句

Simple/funny/interesting as the picture, the symbolic meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.

The author’s real purpose is not the fact itself, but to lead us to ponder what hides behind the iceberg.

第一段注意事项：万能开头、如图所示倒装非谓语动词With结构、总结

两幅图画的描述方法

As is shown in the green house stands a delicate flower, growing vigorously, with the shelter protecting it from the brush of the storm, unfortunately, when removed out of the protection, the flower cannot stand the storm and quickly withers, with its leaves falling in the wind.

第二段意义阐释段落

表示图画中本体与喻体关系的短语

Refer to, stand for, indicate, epitomize

Symbolically(大写以提醒阅卷老师), the delicate flower is naturally associated with the youth, who are overprotected by their parents, revealed as the green house, protecting them form brushes of storms, which epitomizes the intense competition in the real world.

拓展段落的方法(一)

1、科学论据法：用事实、数字说话

According to one of the latest survey conducted by… money spend on pets in the city of Paris is as much as $... which can…

2、举例子, 举普遍的例子

引用例子的方法

Our human history has filled with/witnessed a variety of examples of …with the following one being the foremost.

Among all the (touching) facts relating to… that I heard, noticed and experienced, the most impressive one is…

I can think of no better examples other than…

3、虚拟语气

If this situation were to continue, we would pay a high price.

Were the situation continue, we would pay a high price.

If there were no this policy, we would never taste KFC.

Were there no this policy, never would we taste KFC.

综合训练：

举希望工程的例子

Our human history has witnessed a variety of examples of love, with the Hope Project being the foremost one.

In the west of China exist some families, being so poor that hardly can they support their children’s education.

Pathetic as they are, people coming from all walks of life begin to help them, which is so-called Hope Project.

According to the latest survey, money collected annually has reached as muck as round $1000, 000,000, which can help 3 million children finish their primary school.

Were there no suck precious help, never would those children taste the knowledge and live in the darkness for good.

Had he been afraid of his rivals, never could he make any record in the Olympic Games.

第三段个人评论段落

好的现象

取其精华，去其糟粕

During the process, we should absorb the essence and neglect the drawbacks.

坏的现象

解决的方法

首先，制定法律法规

其次，个人应该被教育

伴随着法律的施行和民众的觉醒，这个问题迟早会解决。

The situation being so serious, it’s high time that we took measures to solve the problem.

On the one hand, laws and regulations should be worked out.

On the other hand, people should be educated to…

With a effective law and an alert public, it will be a mater of time before the problem become things of the past.

Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which people can enjoy their life to their utmost.

有阳光的地方就会有阴影

Simple as the picture is…T he past decade has witnessed a huge development in economy owing to the sunshine----policy being carried out, bringing its shallow at the same time----the damage to the environment. According to a latest survey… money lost in environment pollution has reached… which can …. Were the tendency continue, never would we…

Hurdle race跨栏

社会热点问题

负面现象

第1段介绍背景

漫画给出背景图表给出背景

图表类型：柱状图bar chart、饼状图pie chart、线性图line chart、表格statistics, table 数字data

分为两类：静态图pie chart

As is vividly shown in the graph, the total… is divided into four parts.

1)尽可能少地罗列数字

如：51% ---- over a half 33%-- over one third

9%--- nearly one tenth 6%--- the rest

2) 抓住主要矛盾

Respectively 分别，五星级词汇

As is vividly shown in the graph, the total… is divided into four parts, with A and B making up % totally. Isolated as the figures seem to be, as mater of fact, they are closed

connected to one another.

动态图：柱状图

看横轴：判断时态看纵轴：判断句子的主语

找到主要变化看标题当图画中数字较多时，找出应有变化规律

避免句式重复

对数字多的图表(比如多幅图)，在图表中存在几个变量，就有几个规律

一些表示变化的词汇

上升：surge, climb to, rise, skyrocket, jump to a steady rise, a steep increase 下降：plunge, drop, fall, descend, decline

程度：sharp, drastic, dramatic, intensive, remarkable, sustained, temporary, 描写剧烈的变化，抓住重点描述。

比较状语从句写法

As … as 与…一样多，同级比较A car runs ten times as fast as does a bke.

More than three times bigger than that (those) of…

第2段造成的危害或产生原因

分析原因从题目出发，题目会有提示

Obviously, a variety of complicated factors contribute to the phenomenon, with the following one being the foremost.

There are no better reasons for the phenomenon other than the following one.

拓展段落方法

将关键词展开说明，或推导出何种结果。

造成危害段落

Unfortunately, … has triggered a series of negative effects, with… being the foremost.

第3段解决方法或预测趋势

预测趋势

要有核心词，先粗点predict, expect, anticipate

万能句式After considering all the information presented above, I, as most of others will do, safely predict/expect/anticipate/draw a conclusion that…后接具体原因否定转移I don’t predict…

It’s an irreversible tendency.

过度捕捞问题

The past century has witnessed a sharp decrease in the amount and species of fish owing to over-fishing.

Were this situation continue, never would our offspring taste any fish.

认真审题，不放过所给细节，这此就是要点，答不到即扣分。

Some students are pursuing too high a goal when seeking for jobs.

Some majors the students study on campus do not fit in with demands of jobs.

综合训练

背诵范文注意替换高分表达

The Aging of Our Society

?From the table we can see that the number of senior citizens will increase from

132 million this year to 200 million in 2015, and then to 400 million in 2050.

Accordingly, the percentage will rise from 10% to 14%, and then to 25%.

?According to the standard of the United Nations, a society is defined as old when

the senior citizens over 60 reach 10% of the whole population.

?Consequently this table shows that our society，following many western

countries, is stepping into the era of the so-called “aging society”.

?第二段

?The aging phenomenon will bring many unfavorable consequences, with health

care of the elder generation being the foremost.

?With more and more members entering a senior age, the percentage of people in

the main working force falls abruptly, thus gradually preventing the traditional social welfare system from functioning properly and effectively.

?The transformation to a modern and more scientific system of social security,

however, may take a relatively long period, bringing hope and pain at the same time.

?第三段

?For the old people themselves, apart from the irreversible decaying of health,

mental hazards may constitute a more formidable problem—loss of sense of security, identity and confidence may accelerate the aging process.

?Last but not least, aging poses an even greater threat to our country than to

the developed world because we are aging before we become rich.

?To battle the potential negative effects, several necessary steps

should be taken: the chief task lies in taking care of the old people and helping them take care of themselves.

?All the members in the society should join their hands in creating a

favorable environment for the old people. 注意替换高分表达。

?The old people themselves should never stop pursuing whatever they view as

important in life since “It is not the years in your life, but the life in your years that counts”.

?Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy society can we hope to

witness the ideal scene in which old people can enjoy their twilight (黄昏) to the uttermost.

大学生就业问题

第一段描述图表

?There has been a heated discussion about a set of graphs in the newspaper.

?According to the graphs, the past decade has witnessed a huge increase of the

number of undergraduate as well as graduate students, bringing formidable job-hunting problems.

?According to a survey, only two thirds of the students can find their jobs after

graduation, with most of them concentrating on computer, finance and management areas.

?Isolated as the figures seem to exist, as a matter of fact, they are connected with

one another closely.

第二段产生原因

?I can find no better reasons for the phenomenon other than the following two.

?On the one hand, students are facing an ever intensive competition owing to the

expanding scale of enrollment.

?On the other, some majors the students study on campus do not fit in with the

demand of the jobs.

?Hardly can such students find favorable jobs.

第三段解决问题

?It is high time that we took effective measures to solve the problem.

?For one thing, it is essential that proper policies be worked out to promote

students’ employment.

?On the other, students should be educated to broaden their range of knowledge.

?Only in a sensible, healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in

which students can enjoy their life to the uttermost.

应用文

投诉信已建议信(2007年考了) 不可能考求职信( 对全心全意考研的学生不利)

辞职信已考求助信已考道歉信*** 感谢信合同、简历、摘要、号召信、便签不可能考

寻物、招领启事中寻物启事最可能考

应用文六句口诀

? 1 开门见山说意图，

? 2 信息要点覆盖到，

? 3 举一反三讲细节，

? 4 语言正式词多变，

? 5 感谢客气不能少，

? 6 期待回信成老套。

?注意：首段表明写作目的，中间段扩展内容，注意读信人的感受，末段

表明礼貌，并说出自己的期望。

分类讲解

投诉信

?首段：说明与收信人的相关性，表明写作意图并且在尽可能的情况下做到

客观礼貌给读信人留下好的印象，并且始终牢记读信人未必就是错误的责任人，他的合作对问题的解决至关重要。

?主题段落：(重点，写70个左右单词)写明投诉的原因，要展开说明，可

以说具体的理由也可以说问题的具体体现方式。

?结尾段：提出解决方案，不需要展开但要公平、公正。此段应体现书信的

礼貌原则，应当有类似“如你能···，我将万分感激”的话语，这也是投诉信最能体现礼貌原则的地方。

投诉信的开头常用句式和套话

?I am writing to complain about/that…

?I am writing to make a complaint about…

?I an writing to express my concern/ dissatisfaction/ disappointment

ab out…

?I feel bad / sorry to trouble you but I am afraid I have to

make a complaint about…

?I am most reluctant to complain, but…

?I am writhing to advise you that I find…unsatisfactory.

?I wish to draw your attention to the problem/fault…that I bought…

投诉信的结尾常用句式和套话

?I trust you will take my complains seriously and…

?I will appreciate it very much if you could…

?I would be perfectly satisfied if you can kindly…

?I understand you will give immediate attention to this matter.

?I would like to have this matter settled by the end of…

?I would be grateful if you could…

?I would appreciate it if you could…

Dear Sir or Madam:

I am writing to inform you that I wish to move into a new room next term. I would prefer a single room, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient.

I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate’s inconsiderate behavior. For one thing, his friends are constantly visiting him; for another, he regularly holds noisy parties. In addition, he sometimes borrows my things without asking me. In these circumstances, I find it difficult to concentrate on my studies, and I am falling behind in my assignments.

I am sure you will agree that the only solution is for me to move into a room of my own, where I will be free from such distractions. Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible.

Yours sincerely,

Janice Kennedy

建议信

第一段写作目的

第二段写建议，写两个原因并扩展开

道歉信

?道歉信的目的是向收信人表明歉意，请求对方对自己的某种过失表示谅

解。

?写作策略：

?首段：表明写作意图，对某事表示歉意。

?主体段落：说明道歉的具体原因，应展开。在主体段落中，写信人应当在

申述理由时照顾读信人的感受，切忌强词夺理。

?结尾段：再次表明歉意，请求收信人的谅解。在结尾段还可以建议对自己

的过失采取何种补救措施。

?开始段I am writing to apologize for…

?结尾段Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused.

辞职信

2005年真题小作文要划出关键信息点，一定要按提纲写，安全第一。写作时每完成一个信息点就划掉。

?Directions:

?Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine

Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.

?第一段：表明写作目的

?第二段：表明辞职原因一个即可？

?第三段：再次表明歉意

?结论：辞职信是道歉信的变体

辞职信对象是特定的，不能写Dear Sir or Madam

求职信

求职信是写信人就某一职位向收信人提出请求。考试中，考生在写求职信时应当在注意礼貌的同时，注意信息的可信度。尤其是在强调自身经历和优点的时候，更应把握尺度。

?首段：说明写作意图。介绍自己是谁，为什么写信，从何处得知消息（对

公司评估广告效应非常重要）。

?主体段落：介绍相关工作经历及本人个性，以表明你可以胜任这个职位。

?尾段落：表示感谢和期待。因为求职信是在请求别人考虑你的申请，考虑

给你机会，所以礼貌语气是必要的，也是重要的。

?开头段I am writing this letter to recommend myself as a qualified

candidate for the job of senior accounta nt you have advertised in…

?结尾段Thank you for considering my application and I am looking

forward to meeting you.

Thank you for your consideration of my application. Please contact me if necessary through the number 123-4567, (available 24 hours).

邀请信介绍乘车方式

After leaving your home, turn left first and walk along the street until you meet the second cross. Turn right there and about three hundred meters’ walk will take you to my home.

信件应用文总结：

第一段：说明写作目的

第二段：具体展开，说明原因或分析现象

第三段：表明期望