2017年4月7日 周五 金童英语笔记

2017年4月7日 周五 金童英语笔记
2017年4月7日 周五 金童英语笔记

2017年4月7日周五金童英语笔记

五年级课本:

1、want to do love to do like to do have fun to do 做某事有乐趣

would like to do ask sb to do sth tell sb to do sth

to 后边是动词原形时,则to是不定式;to后边是名词或者宾格形式时,to 是介词。

2、of …..的表示物物所有

a map of china a map of the world the leg of desk

所有格形式:I-my S? ? S 共同所有最后加、分别所有分别加

对所有格提问:

这是汤姆的车

这辆车是汤姆的。这个句子是主系表结构。

3.have fun=enjoy myself 玩儿得高兴

She has fun=she enjoys herself

I had fun yesterday=I enjoyed myself yesterday.

We?re hving fun.=we are enjoying ourselves.

They?re going to have fun=they?re going to enjoy themselves.

I?ve already had fun=I …ve already enjoyed myself.

4.far from

反义词:near

关于介词:方位介词、介词+宾语,人称代词;时间介词in on at for

介词短语做后置定语

The book on the desk is new.

Whinc book is new

Find-found-found say-said-said understand-understood-understood

Lose-lost-lost read-read-read put-put-put cut-cut-cut cost-cost-cost

Shut-shut-shut set-set-set let-let –let hurt-hurt-hurt

现在完成时(三)

延续性动词:eat非延续性动词:die\open\buy\borrow\put on

转换:die-be dead open-be open buy-have borrow-have put on-wear

He died two years ago. He has died. He has died for two years. He has been dead for two years.

I bought a car yesterday.

I have bought a car

I have bought a car for one day.

I have had a car for one day. 对for+一段时间提问:How long has he been dead?

Rember to do sth记得去做(还未做)Rember doing sth记得做了(已做)

(以下均为补充内容,读笔记时可不读)

Is my car ready yet?

--ready adj.

--be ready for 为…做好准备

--get ready for

--Is everything ready for the dinner? 宴会的一切工作都准备好了吗?

--You should get ready for the coming exam. 你应该为即将到来的考试做好准备。

--be ready to do 愿意做某事,准备好做某事,某事就要发生

--I am ready to help you. 我很乐意去帮你。

--yet “己经” ,用在否定句、疑问句中

--Are you ready yet?

--Not yet.

I don?t know, sir. What?s the number of your car? 我不知道,先生。你的车牌号是多少?

--I don?t know.= I have no idea.

--What?s the number?号码是什么?

--of your car是介词短语作定语,修饰number,意为你的汽车的号码。

It?s LFZ 312G

--it 指the number of the car

When did you bring it to us? 您什么时候送来的?

--bring sth to sb 把…带来给某人

--when 引导的一般过去时的特殊疑问句

I brought it here three days ago.

--bring带来,是一个非持续动词,即这个动作的发生是瞬间完成的,因此它不可以接表示一段时间的时间状语for或since(自从),但它可以与表示点时间的时间状语连用,如ago, last, yesterday,等等。--three days ago 三天前,表示时间点,用在一般过去时中,可以与非持续性动词连用。

Ah yes, I remember now. 啊,是的,我现在记起来了。

--remember 记得,记住

--You must remember these words.

--Do you still remember my name?

Have your mechanics finished yet? 你们机械师修好了吗?

这是现在完成时的一般疑问句,yet用在疑问句中表示“己经”,用在否定句中表示“还”

--Has his father gone yet? 他的父亲己经走了吗?

--His father hasn?t gone yet. 他的父亲还没走呢。

No, they?re sill working on it. Let?s go into the garage and have a look at it. 没有,他们还在修呢。我们到车库去看一下吧。

--work on 表示从事、干某事

--still “仍然,还”在此句中对working on it 起了强调作用。

--Let?s …. 祈使句,咱们一起…吧

--go into… 进入到…, 强调动作过程

--have a look at 看一看

Isn?t that your car? 这难道不是你的车吗?

在英文中可以用一般疑问句的否定形式来表示期待、请求或希望得到肯定的答复。

Well, it was my car. 唔,这曾是我的车。

--well是感叹词,在这里表示“哎”。

--was 表示过去是,现在不是了。

Didn?t you have a crash? 难道你没有出车祸吗?

--Don?t you believe me? 难道你不相信我吗?

--have a crash 出车祸了

That?s right. I drove it into a lamp-post. Can your mechanics repair it? 是啊,我把汽车撞在电线杆上了。你们的机械师能修好吗?

--drive it into a lamp-post 把车撞到了电线杆上

--repair 修理

Well, they?re trying to repair it, sir. But to tell you the truth, you need a new car! 啊,他们正设法修呢,先生,不过我说实在的,你需要一辆新车了!

--try to do 设法做…

--try doing 试着

--try to repair it 尽力修好汽车

--tell you the truth 说实话

--To tell you the truth, I don?t like him at all. 说实话我一点也不欢他。

--need 实义动词,需要疑问和否定要用助动词

--They need some water.

--Do they need any water.

小结:

--bring sth to sb 把…带给某人

--bring sb sth

--work on 从事,干

--have a look at… 看一看

--drive the car into…. 开车撞到…

--have a cash 撞车

--tell you the truth 说实话,老实说

--try to do 尽力

--try doing 试着做…

定语

定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。主要有形容词,此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。汉语中常用………的?表示。

定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。

在汉语中,中心语与定语二者之间有的需要用结构助词“的”,有的不需要,有的可要可不要。“的”是定语的标志。在英语语法中,定语有许多的运用,需要遵循很多相关规律。

在英语中,定语的位置一般遵循如下规律:前位限定词总在前面。主观词+客观词。说话人对事物主观性评价的定语在前,客观性评价的定语在后。序数词+基数词。碰到数词定语时,一般地,序数词在前,基数词在后。少音节词+多音节词。当几个形容词同时修饰一个名词时,还可以根据行文习惯,通过音节的多少来确定定语的顺序。制作)方式+材料+用途。当有几个名词做定语时,常以这种

方式排列。不定代词的定语要后置。副词做定语要后置。某些表示地点、方位、时间的副词作定语时,通常要后置。由数字构成的复合形容词做定语。名词用做定语时,通常以单数形式出现。

定语的位置

定语的位置一般有两种:用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语,用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。

单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。

定语定语前置

在英语里,一般定语前置时的次序为:限定词,形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定语。但当几个形容词同时出现在名词短语之前,我们要注意其次序。

其形容词遵循的词序为:限观形龄颜国材

指:限定词(一般指数量);外观(美丽等);形状(大小,高矮,肥瘦);年龄;颜色;国籍;材料;用途。

如:

1限定词2 外观3形状4年龄5颜色6国籍7材料8用途

a famous American university

an interesting little red French oil painting

a new plastic bucket

a purple velvet curtains

an elegant German clock

另外,有些形容词也有特殊的次序:

1.描述身体特征的形容词先于表示情感和性格特征的形容词

例如:a small lovely girl,a long patient queue,a pale anxious patient ;

2.表示颜色的形容词放在表示情感和性格特征的形容词之后

例如:a kindly black teacher,an inquisitive brown dog ;

3.little,old 和young 有时可以作为名词短语不可分割的一部分,所以可以直接放在名词之

前,

例如:a lovely little girl

4.表示性格特征的形容词可以放在old young 之前,也可放在old young 之后,例如:

a young ambitious man (强调年龄),an ambitious young man(强调雄心勃勃)。

当然,三个以上形容词连用作定语,就显得累赘,因此上面所说的情况一般较少出现. 5.数词

数词作定语相当于形容词:Two boys need two pens.(two为定语,修饰名词boy:two 修饰名词pen)/两个男孩需要两支钢笔。

The two boys are students.(two为定语,在此数词做形容词,修饰名词boy)/这两个男孩是学生。

There are two boys in the room.(two为定语,在此数词做形容词,修饰名词boy)/房间里有两个男孩。

6.特殊词

代词或名词所有格作定语:

His son needs Tom's pen.(his为定语,修饰名词son;Tom?s为定语,修饰名词pen)/他的儿子需要Tom的钢笔。

His name is Tom.(his为定语,修饰名词name)/他的名字是汤姆。

定语定语后置

1.短语作定语一般后置

It was a conference fruitful of results. 那是一个硕果累累的会议。

He gave me a basket full of eggs. 他给我一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。

English is a language easy to learn but difficult to master. 英语是一门容易学但是难精通的语言。

The boys hardest to teach are all in his class.最难教的男生都在他的班里了。

2.修饰some,any,no,every等词构成的不定代词的定语都后置

Let?s go somewhere quiet. 咱们去找个安静一点的地方吧。

There is nothing important in today's newspaper. 今天报纸上没有什么重要的东西。

Do you have anything more to say? 你还有什么话要说吗

3.副词作定语

The people here are very friendly. 这里的人很友好。

They lived in the room above.他们住在楼上的房间。

4.动词、名词转化而来的以-able,-ible 结尾的形容词作定语

He is a person dependable. 他是一个可以依靠的人

This is the only transportation means available. 这是唯一可行的交通工具。

5.起强调作用的单个分词

Everybody involved should stay here.每个(被)涉及到的人都应该呆在这里。

The college mentioned. (被)提及的大学。

定语不同词性的定语

介词短语定语

?The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.

(in the classroom 为定语,修饰名词boy;of yours为定语,修饰名词pen)/教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。

?The boy in blue is Tom.

(in blue为定语,修饰名词boy)/穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

?There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.

(two,three,of 9和of10为定语,修饰名词boy)/有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。形容词定语

所有的形容词,只要后面加名词,都是定语

名词定语

?The boy needs a ball pen.(ball为定语,修饰名词pen)/男孩需要一支圆珠笔。

?It is a ball pen.(ball为定语,修饰名词pen)/这是一支圆珠笔。

?There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.(the pencil box为定语,修饰名词ball pen )/这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。

副词定语

?The boy there needs a pen.(there为定语,修饰名词boy)/那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。

?The best boy here is Tom.(here为定语,修饰名词boy)/这里最棒的男孩是Tom。

不定式定语

?The boy to write this letter needs a pen.(to write this letter 为定语,修饰名词boy)/写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。

?The boy to write this letter is Tom.(to write this letter为定语,修饰名词boy)/将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。

?There is nothing to do today.(to do为定语,修饰名词nothing)/今天没有事要做。

分词(短语)定语

?The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.(smiling为定语,修饰名词boy;bought by his mother为定语,修饰名词pen)/那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。

?The pen bought by her is made in China.(bought by her 为定语,修饰名词pen)/她买的笔是中国产的。

?There are five boys left.(five为定语,修饰名词boy;left为定语,修饰名词boy)/有五个留下的男孩。

主系表结构

所谓主系表结构就是英语句子中的主要成分是主语、系动词和表语。

主语

(Subject )

主语(Subject ):主语是一句话的中心,表示所说的是谁或是什么,其位置一般放在句首。英

语中主语一般不省略。主语主要由名词、动名词、代词或起名词作用的短语或从句来充当。

例如:

Li Lei is a Chinese boy. (Li Lei 是名词,作主语。)

He is from England. (He 是代词,作主语。)

Feeding the birds is my hobby. (“ Feeding the birds ”是动名词短语,作主语。)

What she said is right. (“ What she said ”是从句,作主语。)

主系表结构系动词

(Link verb )

系动词(Link verb )也叫be动词:系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和句子中的表语一起构成谓语。简单地说,将主语和表语联系在一起,并构成一个完整句子的动词就叫做系动词。如be,feel, look, sound, taste, seem,smell[感官动词], turn, get, become(当“变”的

意思讲时)等。

例如:

This flower is beautiful.

I felt very tired.

You look worried.

主系表结构表语

(Predicative )

表语(Predicative ):表语是用来修饰主语的,说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,

表语位于系动词之后,与系动词联系十分紧密,有系动词就有表语,有表语就有系动词。通常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句,表语就是起表述作用的句子成分。

例如:

I am fine. (fine 是形容词,作表语)

He is a boy. (boy 是名词,作表语)

Five plus two is seven. (seven 是数词,作表语)

We are here. (here 是副词,作表语)

He is not at home. (at home 是介词短语,作表语)

My hobby is reading. (reading 是动名词,作表语)

Our duty is to make our environment better.(to make 是不定式,作表语)

延续性动词

表示能够延续的动作。如:study, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

中文名

延续性动词

外文名

v

延续性动词解释

动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

延续性动词延续性动词

表示能够延续的动作。如:study, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。

表示时间段的短语有:for+ 时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。

延续性动词终止性动词

也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或点动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy,arrive等。

非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如:two years ago; at 5 o'clock;

例:He died 5 years ago.

否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.

延续性动词两者的转换

leave --- be away,

borrow --- keep,

buy --- have,

begin/start --- be on,

die --- be dead,

finish --- be over

, join --- be on+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open,

fall ill --- be ill

get up---be up,

come here --- be here,

go there --- be there,

become --- be,

come back --- be back,

fall asleep --- be asleep

, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in)

, leave --- be away from,

get to know --- know,

go (get) out →be out,

put on→wear

catch a cold →have a cold

,get married---be married等。

例:The old man died 4 years ago

. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years.

---- It is 4 years since the old man died.

----Four years has passed since the old man died.

He joined the Party 2 years ago.

-----He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago

. ---- I have had the book for 5 days.

延续性动词动词相关分类

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响,又叫非点动词。常见的这类动词有:study, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay,smoke等。延续性动词的用法很广,常见于现在完成时中的句子中,且常与for,how,long,since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。

终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy,die等。终止性动词又叫点动词,可用于现在完成时态,但由于动作是瞬时间完成的所以不能与for或since引出的时间状语连用。英语中常见的非延续性动词在完成时态中可改为相应的表示延续性的动词或短语,这时可与表示一段时间的的状语连用。

非延续性动词

这类动词也可称为终止性动词、短暂性动词、瞬间动词、点动词,表示的动作不能延续,即动作发生后立即结束。。

非延续性动词非延续性动词

这类动词有:

arrive/reach 到达buy 买close 关

post 邮寄fall 落下die 死

leave 离开go 去break 打破

lose 丢失give 给join 加入

receive 接收borrow 借move搬

hear 听到hear from 收到来信

become 成为begin/start 开始

finish 结束marry 娶、嫁

非延续性动词非延续性动词的用法特征

1.非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:

The train has arrived.火车到了。

Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?

2.非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如:

(1)他已经死了三年了。

误:He has died for three years.

正:He has been dead for three years.

正:He died three years ago.

正:It is three years since he died.

正:Three years has passed since he died.

(2)他来这儿五天了。

误:He has come here for five days.

正:He has been here for five days.

正:He came here five days ago.

正:It is five days since he came here.

正:Five days has passed since he came here.

(1)、(2)句中的die、come为非延续性动词,不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么,应如何正

确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:

(1)将句中非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leave→been away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to →live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。

(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。

(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。

(4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。

3.非延续性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:

He hasn't left here since 1986.

I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.

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I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉。

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误:How long have you come here?

正:How long have you been here?正:When did you come here?

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