2013年6月英语四级考试第三套试卷阅读理解SectionB原文及翻译

Eight essential lif skills that schools can teach our kids

A) I learned at an early age from my mother that there was more to school than reading, writing, arithmetic and lunch. She was a teacher. I was an eager student of the academic sort. That didn't impress her. She told me later it was clear I was ready to read when I was 4, but she refused to teach me because I needed more work on my social skills.

B) She will turn 93 at the end of this month. I am tempted to call and ask her to evaluate how I turned out, but I fear the answer. My life has been a lot of reading and writing, with some arithmetic. Even as a parent I rarely considered how well my children's schools were teaching life skills that went beyond what is assessed under No Child Left Behind.

C) The habits of the heart are probably learned almost as much at school as at home. But which ones can we reasonably expect teachers to address? What should we look for to make certain these immeasurable but invaluable traits are being reinforced?

D) With help from Local Living Editor Liz Seymour, whose children are just starting school, I came up with eight essential life skills. I sought expert opinion on their importance and how to teach them.

E) Here are mine, in no particular order:

F) Organization.Linda Allen, a star math teacher in Arlington, said helping students absorb a sense of structure is key to her middle school's success. "A good teacher, regardless of the content area, has today's main idea and homework in the same area of the room every day. That teacher reminds students every day to copy the information down at the start of the class, and gives them time to do that." She gives parents timely feedback about work completion "so that intervention can happen sooner rather than later."

G) A related lesson is deferring gratification. Psychologists Angela L. Duckworth and Martin E.P. Seligman, by seeing what happens when children have the choice of a dollar today or two dollars next week, have concluded that self-discipline and self-denial are keys to success. Katherine Bradley, president of the Washington-based CityBridge Foundation, says it "means sticking with something even if it's boring, pushing yourself to finish even if it's a long assignment."

H) Music.Kenneth J. Bernstein, a much-admired social studies teacher at Eleanor Roosevelt High School in Prince George's County, is also a piano player. "I do not think every child needs to learn to sing or play an instrument," he said, "but each may need to learn how to listen, because different kinds of music may require different kinds of listening. In a sense, being exposed to several kinds of music is like learning a second language: It begins to empower one to learn further on one's own, because

one has gone beyond the limitations of what one grows up with."

I) Allen said students should also learn how to be a good audience. "If a child can hold it together in the company of hundreds of their peers, they can hold it together for any event," she said.

J) Teamwork.Games aren't the only way to learn how to cooperate with others toward a shared goal, but for many students such contests have lifelong importance. Frazier O'Leary teaches Advanced Placement English, one of the toughest courses at Cardozo High School in the District; he is also the baseball coach. "Sometimes it is hard for high school students to understand the value of working together until they grow up and realize that teamwork is essential to success," he said.

K) Exercise.Sarah Melanie Fine, a writer, went for a run every morning when she was teaching in a D.C. school. She needed the exercise to survive tough days. Her students often did not have the same chance. "Particularly in an environment where seat time is the ever-growing end-all, kids desperately need time where they're using their bodies and learning a different kind of discipline," she said. Not only does it relieve stress, but it clears the head for dividing fractions, declining nouns and other feats of concentration.

L) Friendship.Mike Feinberg, co-founder of the Knowledge Is Power Program charter schools, which emphasize character, said an essential ingredient of learning to be a friend is what some call social intelligence or emotional intelligence. It includes "not giving in to peer pressure, becoming self-aware and using that self-awareness to self-adjust as necessary," he said. He acknowledges that many people think this is something parents should teach, but sometimes they don't, and students' futures depend on it.

M) Arguing.Bernstein has a favorite trick for teaching this correctly: "I remember once asking students to prepare a debate, three for the affirmative and three for the negative. When they came into class and I checked that they were prepared, I made them argue the other side, not the one they had prepared. With the exception of the class president, who as a politician did not trust me and thus had prepared both sides, they flopped. And in that failure they learned an important lesson: One is far more effective in debate and discourse when one has thought through both sides of an argument."

N) Thinking critically.I remember that my favorite teacher when I was in high school, Al Ladendorff, encouraged our American history class to criticize the textbook. I wondered: Was that legal? Much later I realized the contrarian habits he taught were vital. I am a better writer, a better voter and a better parent for learning to examine popular assumptions and judge if they are correct.

O).Presentation."In learning to make a persuasive argument, one has to learn how to

address an audience," Bernstein said, "be it one person or a large group." As adults we often learn the hard way how important it is to be prepared, maintain eye contact and dress appropriately for the situation. It is better to learn this in school than while shaking in fear two minutes before our first job interview.

翻译：

A)我学会了从我妈妈在很小的时候,有更多的学校比阅读、写作、算术和午餐。她是一个老师。我是一个勤奋好学的孩子。这并没有打动她。她告诉我以后很明显我准备读在我四岁的时候,但她拒绝教我,因为我需要更多的工作在我的社交技巧。

B) 她将在这个月底年满93岁。我很想打电话问她评价我怎么了,但我害怕答案。我的生活一直在大量的阅读和写作,与一些算术。即使作为一个家长,我很少考虑我的孩子的学校教学生活技能,超越什么是评估在不让一个孩子掉队。

C) 心脏的习惯可能是学会了在学校像在家里一样。谁能我们可以合理的满足老师所要的呢?我们要做些什么来确保这些无限但宝贵的特质被增强呢?

D) 在当地生活的帮助下编辑Liz西摩的孩子刚上学,我想出了八种必要的生活技能。我寻求专家意见的重要性以及如何教他们。

E) 这里是我的想法,没有特定的顺序:

F) 组织。琳达·艾伦,一个明星的数学老师在阿灵顿,说帮助学生吸收结构的感觉是她中学的成功的关键。“一个好老师,不管内容区域,有今天的主要思想和作业每天都在同一个房间的面积。老师提醒学生每天复制信息类的开始,也给他们的时间。“她会及时的将作业完成情况反馈给家长,以便干预发生宜早不宜迟。”

G) 一个相关的教训是推迟满足感。心理学家安吉拉·l·达克沃斯和马丁?塞利格曼密纹唱片看到当孩子们今天一美元或两美元的选择下周,自律和自我否定是成功的关键。凯瑟琳·布拉德利,华盛顿CityBridge基金会主席,说它“意味着坚持即使是无聊的东西,把自己完成,即使这是一个长期任务。”

H) 音乐。肯尼斯·j·伯恩斯坦,备受社会研究老师,埃莉诺·罗斯福乔治王子县高中也是一个钢琴家。“我不认为每一个孩子都需要学习唱歌或演奏乐器,”他说,“但是每个可能需要学习如何倾听,因为不同种类的音乐可能需要不同的听。从某种意义上说,接触的几种音乐就像学习第二语言:它开始让自己进一步学习的,因为一个已经超出了一个长大的限制。”

I) 艾伦说,学生也应该学习如何成为一个好的听众。“如果一个孩子可以一起拿公司的数以百计的同龄人,他们可以把它在任何情况下,”她说。

J) 团队合作.游戏不是唯一的方法,学习如何与他人合作朝着一个共同的目标,但对于许多学生这样的竞赛一生的重要性。弗雷泽奥利里教英语跳级,卡多佐高中最艰难的课程之一地区;他也是棒球教练。“有时很难高中学生理解合作的价值,直到他们长大成人,意识到团队合作对成功至关重要,”他说。

K) 锻炼。莎拉媚兰好,一个作家,每天早上去跑步,当她在华盛顿一所学校教书。她需要锻炼

生存艰难的日子。她的学生往往不具有相同的机会。“尤其是在长时间坐着的环境中,日益增长的部分,孩子们迫切需要时间,他们用他们的身体和学习一种不同的纪律,”她说。它不仅缓解压力,但它扫清了分分数,名词和其他专长的浓度下降。

L) 友谊。知识就是力量的共同创始人迈克?范伯格项目特许学校,强调个性,学习的一个重要组成部分是朋友说一些称之为社会智力和情商。它包括“不要屈服于同伴的压力,要有主见。必要时,要用自己的想法来”他说。他承认,很多人认为这是父母应该教的东西,但有时他们不这样做,和学生的未来取决于它。

M) 争论。伯恩斯坦有最喜欢的魔术教学这正确:“我记得有一次要求学生准备一个辩论,三为肯定的和三个负面的。当他们来到类,我检查,他们准备好了,我让他们说对方,而不是他们已经准备好了。除了类的总统,他作为一个政治家不信任我,因此双方已经准备好了,他们失败了。从这件事中,他们学到了很重要的一课:一个是更有效在辩论和谈话中,只考虑双方的观点。”

N) 批判性思考。我记得我最喜欢的老师我在高中的时候,Al Ladendorff,她鼓励我们对美国历史的教科书。我在想:是合法的吗?后来我意识到批判性他教是至关重要的。我是一个更好的作家,一个更好的选民,一个更好的家长学习研究流行的假设和判断他们是正确的。

O) 演讲。”在学习做一个有说服力的论点,我们必须学会如何解决观众,”伯恩斯坦说,“一个人或一个大组。“作为成年人,我们经常学习的准备是多么的重要,保持目光接触和适当着装情况。最好是在学校学习这个比恐惧而颤抖的前两分钟我们的第一次面试。

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