chapter6

英汉翻译基础教程练习问题详解总主编冯庆华

汉英翻译基础教程 第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2) 第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4) 第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9) 第四章动词的翻译 (11) 第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12) 第六章成语的英译 (13) 第七章修辞格的翻译 (17) 笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19) 第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20) 第十章换序和转态译法 (23) 笫十一章断句合句译法 (25) 笫十二章长句的翻译 (27) 第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29) 第十五章风格与翻译 (30) 第十六章语用与翻译 (32)

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配 1. a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now 第二节翻译中的选词 一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。 1. That depends upon circumstances.

Chapter 6 从句的翻译

(一)重复先行词的中文句式, 可用非限定从进行翻译 I told the story to John, who told it to his brother. 他把这件事告诉了约翰,约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。 Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area. 他虽然经验不足,但很有进取心和创造力,而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。 (二)省略先行词的中文句式,翻译时应补出先行词 It is he who received the letter that announced the bankruptcy of your company. 是他接到那封信,说你们公司破产了。

They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased. 他们制定出一种新方案,采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。 (三)某些状语译成定语从句 (一)译成表示“时间”的分句 A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded. 司机在开车时,不许和人谈话,也不能走神。 (二)译成表示“原因”的分句 He doesn’t want to talk with Mrs. Smith, who is very haughty and conceited now 他不愿和史密斯太太讲话,因为她现在非常傲慢和自负。 (三)译成表示“条件”的分句 Men become desperate for any kind of work, which will help them to keep alive their families.

《英汉翻译基础教程》 笔记及习题(篇章翻译)【圣才出品】

第7单元篇章翻译 7.1 复习笔记 语篇通常指一系列连续的语段或句子构成的语言整体。语篇包括“话语”(discourse)和“篇章”(text)。语篇特征为:连贯、衔接,且具有明确的论题结构。 一、衔接 根据Halliday和Hasan的著作《英语中的衔接》,衔接手段大致可分为两种:语法衔接手段(grammatical cohesion)和词汇衔接手段(lexical cohesion)。前者又可以包括指称(reference)、省略(ellipsis)、替代(substitution)和连词(conjunction)。 1. 指代 指代主要分为三类:人称指代、指示指代和比较指代。 英语中,为了实现衔接,一般尽量采用代词指代前面出现的名词。汉语倾向于重复前文出现的名词,或者采用“零式指称”,省略主语。例: My friend looked somewhat ill at ease when he told me this: At the time when he bought this big house, his children had all been at school. Now they had their own homes and jobs. 【译文】朋友有点不好意思地说,买这座房子时,孩子们还在上学,如今都成家立业了。 2. 省略

省略可以分为名词省略、动词省略和小句省略。例: I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice. 【译文】我有很多美妙的想法,但是只把少数付诸实践了。 3. 替代 “替代”指用较简短的语言形式替代上文中的某些词语,使行文简练流畅。 (1)名词替代比较常见的是使用one代替前文出现的某个名词。例: Carrie picked out the new abode because of its newness and bright wood—work. It was one of the very new ones supplied with steam heat, which was a great advantage.(Sister Carrie, Dreiser, T) 【译文】嘉莉选中这套新居所,是因为它是新建的,而且房间的木质部分色泽鲜亮,屋里有暖气,这是当时最新的房子才有的。 【分析】原文中,ones替代了abode;译文中,“房子”与其前面的“居所”构成同义词。 (2)动词替代经常是用助动词do的几种形式来代替前文出现的某个动词或动作意义。例: And yet this John Openshaw seems to me to be walking amid even greater perils than did the Sholtos. 【译文】可是在我看来,这个约翰·奥彭肖似乎是正在面临着比舒尔托更大的危险。 【分析】原文中,did替代了walked amid peril;译文中,该处同样进行了省略处理。 (3)小句替代使用指示代词指代前文出现的某一小句或者某一概念。例: “Well, I’ve got twenty-two dollars, but there’s everything to be paid for this

汉英翻译基础教程期末考试总结

第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68) 粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves) 海阔天空to talk with random( with a vast sea and boundless sky) 灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine) 纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold) 单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse) 赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart) 无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole) 扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath) 开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain) 大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums) 风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking) 二.翻译下列句子 (1)这是他们夫妻之间的事情,你去插一脚干吗? That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? (2)别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全,真是个顺风耳啊! You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed. (3)这消息让我出了一身冷汗。 I’m extremely terrified by the news. (4)她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。 She volunteered for the teaching post in this primary school. (5)我不敢班门弄斧,诚望您发表高见。 I dare not show off in the presence of(在……面前)an expert. I hope you would be kind enough to enlighten(启发,启蒙)us on this matter. (6)敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。 The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder. (7)敌军军官听说后路已被切断,吓得目瞪口呆。 The enemy officer was stunned by the news that the route of retreat had been cut off. (8)这些问题盘根错节,三言两语说不清楚。 These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.

汉英翻译基础教程 第1章 练习参考答案

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配 1. a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now 第二节翻译中的选词 一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。 1. That depends upon circumstances. 2. This state of affairs must be changed. 3. How do matters stand with them?

英汉翻译基础教程练习答案总主编冯庆华

汉英翻译基础教程

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配 1. a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water

play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now

英语本科段自学考试英汉翻译教程Unit 6 Literature.doc

Unit 6 Literature(1) Lesson 16(E—C) Tess of the D‘Urbervilles(1) By Thomas Hardy On an evening in the latter part of May a middle-aged man was walking homeward from Shaston to the village of Marlott, in the adjoinning Vale of Blakemore or Blackmoor. The pair of legs that carried him were rickety, and there was a bias in his gait which inclined him somewhat to the left of a straight line. He occasinally gave a smart nod, as if in confirmation of some opinion, though he was not thinking of anything in particular. An empty egg-basket was slung upon his arm, the nap of his hat was reffled, a patch being quite worn away at its brim where his thumb came in taking it off. Presently hi was met by an elderly parson astride on a gray mare, who, as he rode, hummed a wandering tune. ?Good night t‘ee,‘ said the man with the basket. ?Good night, Sir John,‘ said the parson. The pedestrian, after another pace or two, halted, and turned round. ?Now, sir, begging your pardon; we met last market-day on this road about this time, and I zaid ―Good night,‖ and you made reply ―Good night, Sir John,‖ as now.‘ ?I did,‘ said the parson. ?And once before that—near a month ago.‘ ?I may have.‘ ?Then what might your meaning be in calling me ―Sir John‖ these different times, when I be plain Jack Durbeyfield, the haggler? The parson rode a step or two nearr. ?It was only my whim,‘he said; and, after a moment‘s hesitation: ?It was on account of a discovery I made some little time ago, whilst I was hunting up pedigres for the new county history. I am Parson Tringham, the antiquary, of Stagfoot Lane. Don‘t you reaally know, Durbeyfield, that you are the lineal representative of the ancient and knightly family of the d‘Urbervilles, who dervie their descent from Sir Pagan d‘Urberville, that renowned knight who came from Normandy with William the Conqueror, as appears by Battle Abbey Roll?‘ ?Never heard it before, sir!‘ ?Well it‘s true.‘ … ?But you‘ll turn back and have a quart of beer wi‘me on the strength o‘t Pa‘son Tringham? There‘s a very pretty brew in tap at The Pure Drop—though, to be sure, not so good as at Rolliver‘s.‘ ?No, thank you—not this evening, Durbeyfield. You‘ve had enough already.‘ (from Thomas Hardy, Tess of the D‘Urbervilles, Chapter 1) 译文: 五月后半月里,有一天傍晚,一个中年男子,正打沙氏屯,朝着跟这相连的那个布蕾谷(或者布莱谷)里面的马勒村往家里走去。支着他的那两条腿老是摇摇晃晃的,他走路的姿势里,又总有一种倾斜的趋势,使他或多或少地往一条直线的左边歪。待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点,好像是对某一个意见表示赞成似的,其实他心里头可并没想什么特别的事儿。

英汉翻译基础教程

英语翻译基础教程 总主编:冯庆华主编:冯庆华陈科芳 1 “意思”的译法 甲:这是一点小意思,请务必收下。 乙:你这个人真是有意思,怎么也来这一套。甲:哎,只是意思意思,乙:啊,真是不好意思。 译文:A:This is a little gift as a token of my appreciation .Please do take it . B:Oh, aren't you a bit too polite ? you should not do that . A: Well ,it just conveys my gratitude. B: Ah, thank you then ,though i really do not deserve it . 2 “说” (1)阿Q将衣服摔在地上,吐一口唾沫,说:“这毛虫”!《阿Q正传》 译文:Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground ,spat ,and swore ,“hairy worm!” (2) “三个臭皮匠,合成个诸葛亮”,这就是说,群众有伟大的创造力。《毛泽东选集》 文: The old saying ,"three cobblers with their wits combined would equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind ,"simple means the masses have great creative power. (3):也不知安居乐业,最早见于什么典籍,四个字一针见血的点名了生活中的一个因果关系。译文:I can not say in what canon the words "secure in one's home and happy in one's work" first appeared ,but that expression cuts to the core of a primary determinant in human life. 3 你们偶然看见一颗花生瑟缩的长在地上,不能立刻分辨出它有没有果实,非得等到你接触到它时你才能知道。 译文1:When you come upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground ,you can never immediately tell whether or not it bears ant nuts until you touch them . 译文2:When you come upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground ,you can never tell whether or not it bears any nuts until you dig it up. 4金杯牌充气床垫工艺先进,结构新颖,造型美观,款式繁多,舒适大方,携带方便。译文:The 'Gold cup' Brand air-filled bed cushions are made in advanced technology .with novel,structure, beautiful shape and various patterns ,they are comfortable and convenient to carry. 5 人民犯了法,也要受处罚,也要坐班房。 译文:when anyone among the people breaks the law ,he too should be punished ,imprisoned.. 6只有充分发展商品经济,才能把经济真正搞活,使各企业增加效率。译文:the development of a commodity economy is the only way to invigorate our economy and promp t enterprise to raise their efficiency . 7 我的姐姐又因为我不爱整洁而向我唠叨地劝戒了。 译文:my sister has been preaching at me again about my lack of neatness. 8我国人民在中国共产党第十五次全国代表大会的精神鼓舞下,正沿着建设有中国特色的社会主义道路,满怀信心,昂首阔步地迈向二十一世纪。 Inspired by the spirit of 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China , the people of C hina are advancing confidently towards the 21st century along the road to socialism with Chinese characteristics . 9本公司生产的地毯美丽大方、光彩夺目,富丽堂皇。 The carpets made in our company are beautiful and magnificent . 10我们进行了长期不懈的努力。 We have made unremitting efforts for it .

英汉翻译基础教程考试重点总结

第一单元翻译概论 1翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style. 2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译 Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means “not to alter the original words and sentences”, strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”. 例如:paper tiger—纸老虎 Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech. 例如:Adam’s apple—喉结;at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟 It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱 3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译(Foreignization)和归化翻译(Domestication ) 归化的例子: as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠 at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥 wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡 as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪 5 傅雷:1951年在《高老头 重译本序》中提出“以效果而论,翻译应当像临画一样,所求的不在形似而在神似。” 6. 钱钟书:1964年在《林纾的翻译》一文中提到“文学翻译的最高理想可以说是“化”,把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字,既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹,又能完全保存原作的风味,那就算得入与“化境”。 7 But I hated Sakamoto, and I had a feeling he’d surely lead us both to our ancestors. 但是我恨坂田,并预感到他肯定会领着咱们去见祖先。 8 Don’t cross the br idge till you get to it. 不必担心太早。(不必自寻烦恼) 9 Do you see any green in my eyes? 你以为我是好欺骗的吗? 10 Ruth was upsetting the other children, so I showed her the door. 鲁斯一直在扰乱别的孩子,我就把他撵了出去。 第二单元英汉对比 1汉语和英语的对比研究,始于100年多前《马氏文通》,这是我国第一部汉语语法书,是在比较和模仿拉丁文法的基础上写成的。 2中国传统哲学主张“天人合一”、“万物与我为一”,反映在语言上就是施事主体可以蕴含在行为事件的主观表现中。 3因此在句子构造中,汉语并不把主语看成必要的成分。正如王力所说:“就句子结构而论,西洋

《英汉翻译基础教程》 笔记及习题(翻译概论)【圣才出品】

第1单元翻译概论 1.1 复习笔记 巴别塔典故 人们想建造通天塔来接近上帝,耶和华在恐慌之余使人们之间的语言不通,从而放弃建造通天塔。人们把翻译比作建造通天塔,寓意困难与壮观。 一、翻译的目的 翻译的最初目的是为了交流信息。 翻译有广义与狭义之分:广义的翻译指言与语言、语言与非语言之间的代码转换和基本信息的传达;狭义的翻译限制在语言与语言之间,将一种语言表达的内容用另一种语言忠实地表达出来。 二、翻译的分类 翻译有着不同的类型,而不同类型的翻译又有着不同的翻译要求。 1. 按翻译手段:口译、笔译和机器翻译 2. 按源出语和目的语:语际翻译、语内翻译和符际翻译 3. 按翻译题材:政论翻译、应用文翻译、科技翻译、文学翻译等 4. 按翻译方式:全译、摘译和编译

三、翻译史简介 古代翻译多与宗教有关,西方翻译始于《圣经》,中国始于佛经的翻译。 西方翻译史 中国翻译史 四、翻译的标准 翻译标准即指导翻译实践、评价译文质量的尺度。翻译标准的确立对于建立科学的翻译理论体系具有重要的意义,而翻译的标准之争已形成“百家争鸣”之趋势。 1. 严复:信(faithfulness)、达(expressiveness)、雅(elegance)

2. 鲁迅:信(faithfulness)、顺(smoothness) 3. 林语堂:忠实(faithfulness)、通顺(smoothness)、美(beautifulness) 4. 傅雷:神似(resemblance in spirit) 5. 钱钟书:化境(reaching the acme of perfection) 6. 刘重德:信(faithfulness)、达(expressiveness)、切(closeness) 7. 许渊冲:三重标准(three levels of criteria) 8. 泰勒:翻译三原则(three principles of translation) 9. 奈达:功能对等(functional equivalence) 10. 纽马克:交际翻译与语义翻译(communicative and semantic translation) 翻译标准的共核:忠实准确、通顺流畅和风格得体(三者顺序不可颠倒)。 五、翻译的主体 翻译中的三元关系:原文——译者——译文 现在翻译研究越来越重视对译者主体性的研究,总体上呈“语文学阶段”——“结构主义阶段”——“后结构主义阶段”的研究轨迹。 六、译者的素质 合格的译者应具备的素质(充分但不必要条件): 1. 精通语言(至少两门); 2. 熟悉国家间的文化; 3. 通晓百科知识并精通专业知识(至少一门); 4. 严谨、负责的工作态度;

Chapter 6 谓语翻译for students

Chapter 6 谓语翻译 一)汉英谓语对比 二)确定谓语的原则 1. 主谓一致+时态+语气 1) 我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加快发展。 Vocational education and adult education are being pushed on in our country. 2) 她的独生子让车给轧了。 Her only son was run over by a car. 2. 谓语必须与主语在逻辑上搭配得当 1)这件事告诉我们,他为人不诚实。 The incidence showed us that he was dishonest 2)世纪之交,中国外交空前活跃。 The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena. 3)这次旅游可以选择的地方有北京、上海或西安。 Beijing,Shanghai and Xi’an are the places we can choose during this trip. 4)本书精选流传于中国南方26个少数民族的131则脍炙人口的故事。 The books consists of 131 superb stories popular among 26minority nationalities in the south of the China. 5) 这一证书课程将在三年内学完。 This certificate course of studies will spread over three years. 6) 细雨淅沥,秋风瑟瑟。 It was drizzling on a windy autumn. 7)你的教学科研取得了长足的进步,但不应因此而自满。 You have made great progress in the research on teaching,but you should guard against complacency. 8)汉语部不仅教中国学生汉语和中国文学课,还招收学习汉语的外国留学生。 The Chinese Program offers not only Chinese and Chinese Literature but course for international students of Chinese. 3. 谓语必须与宾语在逻辑上搭配得当 1)秦朝第一位皇帝秦始皇于公元前221年统一六国。 QinShiHuang,the first Emperor of the Qin Dynasty,conquered the other six states in 221BC. 2)热腾腾的晚餐已摆好在桌上。 Hot meals were served on the dinner table. 3)他们也学会了中国的饮茶。 They became accustomed to the Chinese tea-drinking. 4)到麦当劳去吃什么? 有人总结说:吃时髦,吃清洁,吃快捷,吃氛围,吃气派,吃档次,吃高雅。闹了半天,还没有涉及“吃饱肚子”。 For what do we go to the McDonald’s?Summarized are the following answers:for its popularity,for its remark cleanness,instant services,exotic atmosphere,showing off,super quality,elegant consumption.With so many for,yet we have not come to “for our stomach”.

换言之 翻译教=教程 第六章 笔记

Chapter 6 T extual equivalence: cohesion In this chapter, we resume discussion of translation difficulties and strategies at the level of text by looking at cohesion, the second feature of text organization which was mentioned at the end of Chapter 4. Cohesion is the network of lexical, grammatical, and other relations which provide links between various parts of a text. Cohesion is a surface relation; it connects together the actual words and expressions that we can see or hear. Halliday and Hason identify 5 main cohesive devices in English: reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion. 6.1. Reference The term reference is traditionally used in semantics for the relationship which holds between a word and what in points to in the real world. Instead of denoting a direct relationship between words and extra-linguistic objects, reference is limited here to the relationship of identity which holds between two linguistic expressions. Reference, in the textual rather than the semantic sense, occurs when the reader has to retrieve the identity of what is being talked about by referring to another expression in the immediate context. The resulting cohesion lies in the continuity of reference, whereby the same thing enters into the discourse a second time. Reference is a device which allows the reader/hearer to trace participants, entities, events,etc, in a text. One of the most common patterns of establishing chains of reference in English and a number of other languages is to mention a participant explic itly in the first instance, and then use a pronoun refer back to the same participant in the immediate context. The relationship of reference may be established situationally:(分析如下) For example, a given pronoun may refer to an entity which is present in the context of situation rather than in the surrounding text. The first- and second-person pronouns are typical examples in that they do not refer back to a nominal expression in the text but to the speaker and hearer(writer and reader) respectively. Third-person pronouns typically refer back or forward to a nominal expression in the text but may also be used to refer to an entity which is present in the immediate physical or mental context of situation. Patterns of reference is also known as anaphora. Fox(1986) examined patterns of reference in 3 genres of American English: spontaneous conversation, written expository prose and written fast-paced popular narratives. 6.2. Substitution and ellipsis Unlike reference, substitution and ellipsis are grammatical rather than semantic relationships. In substitution, an item/items is replaced by another item/items. Ellipsis involves the omission of an item. In other words, in ellipsis, an item is replaced by nothing. Substitution and ellipsis are purely grammatical relations which hold between linguistic

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