四川省雅安市2016高考英语二轮复习 历史类阅读理解选练(1)
历史类阅读理解选练（1）
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.
【小题1】 The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because .
A．they lived healthily in a dirty environment.
B．they believed disease could be spread in public baths
C．they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in
D．they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease
【小题2】Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing? A．Approving. B．Afraid.
C．Curious D．Uninterested.
【小题3】 How does the passage mainly develop?
A．By providing examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following the order of time.
D．By following the order of importance.
【小题4】What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A．To stress the role of dirt.
B．To introduce the history of dirt.
C．To call attention to the danger of dirt.
D．To present the change of views on dirt.
2016高考英语阅读理解--历史类
Elizabeth Mitchell’s new “Liberty’s Torch” is the fascinating story of how the Statue of Liberty came to be. The Statue of Liberty’s rough history is explored in “Liberty’s Torch”.
Frederic Auguste Bartholdi is an all-but-forgotten figure in American history. He was, however, responsible for one of the most enduring symbols of the United States: the Statue of Liberty. A Frenchman from Alsace, he designed and built the Statue of Liberty which stood on Bedloe’s Island in New York Harbor. How this statue came to be is the fascinating subject of Elizabeth Michell’s new book “Liberty’s Torch”.
The power of Mitchell’s narrative is convincing(令人信服的). We recognize the Statue of Liberty now as a symbol of hope and opportunity for a nation of immigrants. At the time, though, people could not see that－nor did they even imagine that. Instead, the const ruction of the statue was born of one man’s desire to set up a great monument.
For this reason, perhaps, “Liberty’s Torch” relies on Bartholdi as the connecting thread. Bartholdi went to Egypt to make photographic copies of the main monuments. On the boat, Bartholdi met and began a lifelong relationship with Ferdinand de Lesseps, the man who would build the Suez Canal. Maybe it was this friendship, or maybe it was seeing Egypt’s huge monuments, but finally the trip inspired Bartholdi’s dream to create t he largest statue ever built. Failure to bring this to completion in Egypt, followed by his exile (流放) from Paris, led Bartholdi to sail to America.
By explaining the Statue of Liberty’s hard history and showing Bartholdi’s brave spirit, Mitchell has done a great service.
【小题1】 It can be inferred from the text that ________.
A．American people have never forgotten Frederic August Bartholdi
B．the Statue of Liberty wasn’t originally regarded as a symbol of hope
C．Bartholdi finished the Suez Canal
D．Bartholdi was a famous architect from Egypt.
【小题2】What was the main reason for Bartholdi to build the Statue of Liberty?
A．To finish his education in the arts.
B．To mark his friendship with Ferdinand.
C．To create something better than Egyptian monuments.
D．To achieve his dream to create the largest statue.
【小题3】What type of writing is the passage?
A．A travel guide. B．A book review
C．An announcement D．An architecture report.
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Student Membership—Cambridge Arts Cinema
Cambridge Arts Cinema is one of the art houses in Britain and home of the internationally celebrated Cambridge Film Festival. Since 1947 generations of students have discovered the wealth of world cinema. Now you too can make the most of it and save money.
本文主要介绍剑桥艺术影院以广告的形式吸引更多的会员。
1．Which of the following is the most famous event held at Cambridge Arts Cinema?
A. The Cambridge Film Festival.
B. Meetings with filmmakers.
C. The preview screening.
D. Monthly premieres.
答案：A。细节理解题。由第一段第一句可判断A项正确。[]
2．If you're a member of Cambridge Arts Cinema, you will enjoy free ________.
A. Darkroom Gallery shows
B. mailed programmes
C. special film events
D. film shows
答案：B。细节理解题。由文中“your own copy of each cinema programme mailed free of charge”可知B项正确。
3．How long will the membership for Cambridge Arts Cinema last?
A. Four months.
B. Eight months.
C. Nine months.
D. One year.
答案：C。细节理解题。由文中“...from 1st October 2011 to 30th June 2012”．可知答案为C项。
4．For what purpose is the text written?
A. Offering students cheaper tickets.
B. Announcing the opening of a premiere.
C. Telling the public of the cinema's address.
D. Increasing the cinema's membership.
答案：D。主旨大意题。综观全文可知本文的主要目的是吸引更多的人成为会员。
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
“Mum，what does it mean when someone tells you that they have a skeleton(骨骼) in the closet(衣橱)？” Jessica asked. “A skeleton in the closet？” h er mother paused thoughtfully, “Well, it's something that you would rather not have anyone else know about. For example, if in the past, someone in Dad's family had been arrested for stealing a horse, it would be ‘a skeleton in his family's closet’. He re ally wouldn't want any neighbor to konw about it.”
“Why pick on my family？” Jessica's father said with anger. “Your family history isn't so good, you know. Wasn't your great-great-grandfather a prisoner who was transported to Australia for his crimes？” “Ye s, but people these days say that you are not a real Australian unless your ancestors arrived as prisoners.” “Gosh, sorry I asked. I think I understand now，” Jessica cut in before things grew worse.
After dinner, the house was very quiet. Jessica's parents were still quite angry with each other. Her mother was ironing clothes and every now and then she glared at her husband, who hid behind his newspaper pretending to read. When she finished,
she gathered the freshly pressed clothes in her arms and walked to Jessica's closet. Just as she opened the door and reached in to hang a skirt, a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a bundle of white bones fell to the floor. Jessica's mother sank into a faint(晕倒), waking only when Jessica put a cold, wet cloth on her forehead. She looked up to see the worried faces of her husband and daughter.
“What happened? Where am I？” she asked. “You just destroyed the school's skeleton, Mum，” explained Jessica. “I brought it home to help me with my health project. I meant to tell you, but it seemed that as soon as I mentioned skeletons and closets, it caused a problem between you and Dad.” Jessica looked in amazement as her parents began to laugh madly. “They're both crazy，” she thought.
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个幽默故事。杰西卡问妈妈“衣橱里放骨骼”是什么意思，妈妈解释说那是不为人知的秘密，并以杰西卡爸爸的祖先做例子，引起了杰西卡爸爸的恼火。饭后，杰西卡爸爸依然生气，杰西卡妈妈熨完衣服后把衣服放到衣橱里，结果发现了衣橱里的骨骼而吓昏过去。原来杰西卡为了完成学校的健康计划，把骨骼带回了家并放在了衣橱里。
1．According to Jessica's mother, “a skeleton in the closet” means ________.
A．a family honor B．a family secret
C．a family story D．a family treasure
答案：B。细节理解题。由第一段的“it's something that you would rather not have anyone else know about”可知，B项正确。
2．What can we learn about some Australians' ancestors from Paragraph 2?
A．They were brought to Australia as prisoners.
B．They were the earliest people living in Australia.
C．They were involved in some crimes in Australia.
D．They were not regarded as criminals in their days.
答案：A。推理判断题。根据第二段的“but people these days say that you are not a real Australian unless your ancestors arrived as prisoners”可推断A项正确，即一些澳大利亚人的祖先是被作为犯人带到澳大利亚。
3．Jessica's mother fell down into a faint because she was ________.
A．knocked B．frightened
C．injured D．surprised
答案：B。推理判断题。杰西卡的妈妈是看到了衣橱里的骨骼而晕倒的，我们推断应该是吓倒的。
4．Why did Jessica bring a skeleton home?
A．She was curious about it. B．She planned to keep it for fun.
C．She needed it for her school task. D．She intended to scare her parents.
答案：C。细节理解题。由最后一段的“You just destroyed the school's skeleton...I brought it home to help me with my health project”可知答案C正确。
5．Jessica's parents laughed madly at the end of the story probably because ________.
A．they were crazy
B．they were overexcited
C．they realized their misunderstanding
D．they both thought they had won the quarrel
答案：C。推理判断题。通读全文可知，杰西卡的父母误解了杰西卡的意思。
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted (预测) in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems. Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.
Increased carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.
“Predicting species’reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology, ” said the researchers of several U. S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.
The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1, 634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated (低估) the speed of flowering by 8. 5 times and leafing by 4 times.
“Across all species, the experiments under- predicted the speed of the advance—for
both leafing and flowering—that results from temperature increases, ”the study said.
The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.
Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis (光合作用) to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.
Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0. 8℃ since 1900, and nearly 0. 2 ℃ every ten years since 1979.
So far, efforts to cut emissions (排放) of planet- warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century—a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.
1. What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?
A. Plants’reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.
B. The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’expectation.
C. Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.
D. Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.
2. We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that .
A. plants’flowering is 8. 5 times faster than leafing
B. there are 1, 634 plant species on the four continents
C. scientists should improve the design of the experiments
D. the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change
3. Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because .
A. they can prove the climate change clearly
B. they are very important in the food chains
C. they play a leading role in reducing global warming
D. they are growing and flowering much faster than before
4. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs abou t the world’s temperature?
A. It has risen nearly 0. 2℃ since 1979.
B. Its change will lead to weather extremes.
C. It is 0. 8℃ higher in 1979 than that of 1900.
D. It needs to be controlled within 2℃ in this century.
【参考答案】1—4、BCBD