托福写作Golden rules同义替换
TOFEL writing
重述语意
?意义
?写作评分要求。
?行文需要。
2. 方法
?同义词替换；
?同根词替换；
?使用短语进行替换；
?使用全新的表达法进行替换。
1. 同义词替换
?科学技术的发展使人们能够非常轻松的学习知识。
?发展
?development, progress, update, advance, evolution, growth, expansion, ?学习知识
?acquire
?accumulate
?gain knowledge
?obtain
?enrich
2. 同根词替换
?方法：
?添加前缀：改变词的意义。
?后缀：主要改变词性。
?优势：
?避免重复原文当中的词语，
?显现词汇变化技巧。
Happiness v.s. pleasure
?例如: 科学技术的发展使人们能够非常轻松的学习知识。
?发展：
?The development of science and technology…
?As science and technology develop …
?能够：
?be able to do sth
?be capable of doing sth
?have the ability (capability) of doing sth
?enable sb. to do sth
More examples
?动词转名词
?discover > discovery
?move > movement
?react > reaction
?fail > failure
?refuse > refusal
?形容词转名词
?careless > carelessness
?difficult > difficulty
?different > difference
?applicable > applicability
?intense > intensity
名词化（nominalization）
?优势：把某些陈述型的句式转化成更客观的评价句，更符合议论文的要求。
?方法1：
?利用动词的名词性后缀，-tion, -ment, -isation, -ness, -ity等。
?He can not be persuaded.
?He is immune to all persuasion.
?Human activity has damaged natural environment and almost exhausted natural resources. ?Human activity has caused severe damage to natural environment and natural resources exhaustion.
方法2：变成动名词形式-ing
?1) More and more students go abroad because they want to receive better education and find a better job in the future.
?Going abroad could provide students with better education and a better job in the future. ?2) If people drink tea habitually over several years, bone density could be preserved in both men and women.
?Habitual tea drinking over several years preserves bone density in both men and women. ?3) It reveals human kindness that rich countries give help to other countries in trouble time. ?Helping other countries in troubled times also reveals human kindness.
方法3：固定的转换表达
?if there is no…
?= lack of=the absence of
?= …shortage/ scarcity
?don’t know …
?= the ignorance of
?didn’t do…
?=failure in doing…
?can read…/ can write…
?= literacy
?can’t read…/ can’t write…
?= illiteracy …
名词化的结构
?1. of +noun
?Some courses are shorter and some are longer.
?=Courses of varying length
?A truly significant matter
?= a matter of true significance
?孩子应该如何度过自己的休闲时间？
?如果小孩子被家长强迫做一些他们不喜欢的事情，或者他们喜欢做的事情被社会忽视为是没有价值或重要性的，他们是不会真正感到快乐的。
?Children cannot be really happy if they are compelled by parents to do what they do not enjoy doing, or if what they enjoy doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.
2. Noun+of
?To study Chinese history
?= the study of Chinese history
?To misunderstand the meaning of happiness
?=The misunderstanding of the meaning of happiness
?住城里好还是小镇好？
?现在，鼓励、发展城市已经成为了国家优先政策。
?Nowadays, encouragement and development of the city was to be a national priority.
3. noun+prep. (with, to about, at)
?students were able to reach the computer.
?=students’ access to the computer
?Technology is getting better.
?=Advance in technology
?电视对人们生活的影响：
?很多人是在电视的陪伴下长大的，而且一生都在看电视。
?Many people grew up with the television as teachers and babysitters, and have lifelong exposure to its influence.
4. with+noun
?With indifference
?With surprising rapidity
?是否应该永不放弃？
?我们从小就被教育要有尊严的接受失败，当然，这个概念并不是不光彩的。
?We are taught from childhood to accept defeat with dignity, a conception that is certainly not ignoble.
5. sb’s +noun
?They are astonished
?= their astonishment
?He supports
?= his support
?野生动物保护的重要性：
?认识到野生动物保护的重要性，我不禁要想人们应该采取怎样的措施确保它们能生存下去。?Being aware of animals' significance, I could not help wondering what steps man could take to ensure their survival.
6. Noun
?电视对人们生活的影响：
?和报纸、杂志不同，电视不需要会读书、认字。
?Unlike newspapers and magazines, television does not require literacy.
?如何定义幸福？
?并不是所有人都这样，但有专家指出幸福感更多来源于努力实现梦想的过程，而不是收获最终结果的时候。
?Not at all, experts say, but they claim true happiness comes more in the striving to fulfill desires than in the attainment.
Summary
?1. S+V
?He escaped.= his escape
?World population has grown.
?= the growth of world population
?2. S+V+O
?He controlled the environment.
?= His control of the environment
?He depended on them.
?=His dependence on them
?3. S+V+O+O
?He denied any opportunity to his opponents.
?=his deny of any opportunity to his opponents
?4. S+V+O+C
?They elected her as the leader.
?=their election of her as the leader
?5. S+Be+P
?He is intelligent.= his intelligence
?Her statement is true.
?=the truth of her statement
Learn by doing!
?The ancient Greeks developed geometry, which helped other European scientists analyze the solar system, which in turn helped us to understand our place in the universe.
?The ancient Greeks’ development of geometry provided a great help in other European scientists’ analysis of the solar system, which in turn offered us a new understanding of our place in the universe.
如何使用―名词化‖？
?1. 名词化的部分是主语。
?What we have decided might lead to costly consequences.
?This decision can lead to costly consequences.
?2.把名词化和被动结合起来。
?If people decide without enough persuasive information,…
?If a decision is reached without enough persuasive in formation,…
?3. 前文出现过可用。
?We have captured Saddam Hussein, which does not mean that conflict in Iraq ends. ?The capture of Saddam Hussein does not mean the end of conflict in Iraq.
?4.名词化的部分是宾语。
?I do not understand either what she meant for or what he intended.
?I do not understand either her meaning or his intentions.
?We must examine everything that they propose.
?We must examine all of their proposals.
?5.名词化部分用在there is/are的后面。
?We demand that the government stop taxing entertainment.
?There is a demand for an end to taxation on entertainment.
?6. 取代the fact可用。
?原句：The fact that I denied what he accused me of impressed the jury.
?名词化：
?When I denied his accusations, I impressed the jury.
?更好的名词化：
?a. My denial of his accusations impressed the jury.
?b. In denying his accusations, I impressed the jury.
NB：连用不可
?First, there was a review of the evolution of the dorsal fin.
?Revised:
?First, she reviewed the evolution of the dorsal fin.
?First, she reviewed how the dorsal fin evolved.
NB：联系不可
?His expulsion by school officials caused serious personal reflection. ?Revised:
Being expelled from school caused him to reflect seriously about his life.
?He reflected seriously after the school officials expelled him.
After he was expelled by the school officials, he reflected seriously.
He reflected on his life seriously when the school officials expelled him.
Over to you!
?His absolute dedication to his visions resulted in overcoming all his obstacles.
?Revised:
?He overcame all obstacles because of his absolute dedication to his visions.
NB：轻动词不可
?I gave a compliment to the teacher.
?I complimented the teacher.
?We should set a limit on playing PC games.
?Playing PC games should be limited.
?The country will get many benefits from modernization.
?The country will benefit greatly from modernization.
?We all hope to make an improvement in civilization before we die.
?We all hope to improve civilization before we die.
?The new American tax laws may result in fewer people giving support to charities.
?The new American tax laws may result in fewer people supporting charities.
形容词名词化
?残疾人、穷人、富人、不幸的人。
?These seats are for the disabled.
?In these countries, the poor get poorer, the rich get richer.
?She was always good with the unfortunate.
?不可能的事、不确定的事物、美好的事物、不可避免的事。
?Don’t expect them to do the impossible.
?She admired the mystical.
?Their aim was to discover the good, the beautiful and the true.
?Eventually, of course, the inevitable happens.
3. 使用短语进行替换
?优点：增加文章字数。
?例如：是否同意政府鼓励在周边地区而非市中心建工厂？
?同意：
?agree to/ with, vote for/ to
?be for, voice a support for
?建设：
?build— set up, build up
Please reword the underlined phrases!
?In my view, watching TV might be a better choice (换词) rather than reading books if you want (换词组) to learn some knowledge (换词组). The main (换词) reason for this is that TV has many (换词组) more direct feelings (换词组) than books do. By watching (换词) animals action (换词) in ―animal world‖, we can learn (换词) much (换词组) useful knowledge (换词) when we fight (换词组) those hard animals (换词). By watching (换词) ―science 30 minutes‖, we can also learn (换词) much interesting knowledge (换词) about science (换词组) today (换词).
?In my view, watching TV might be a more acceptable alternative rather than reading books if you are looking forward to build up your knowledge repository.
?The primary reason for this is that TV can provide us with considerably more intuitive impressions than books do.
?In my view, watching TV might be a better choice rather than reading books if you want to learn some knowledge.
?The main reason for this is that TV has many more direct feelings than books do.
?By watching animals action in ―animal world‖, we can learn much useful knowledge when we fight those hard animals.
?By watching―science 30 minutes‖, we can also learn much interesting knowledge about science today.
?By observing animals behavior in ―animal world‖, we can manage a wide range of useful skills when we deal with those ferocious beasts.
?By enjoying ―science 30 minutes‖, we can also discover much interesting information about scientific development nowadays.
4. 使用全新的表达法
?例如：我绝不嫁给你。
?I will never marry you.
?Never will I marry you.
?Under no circumstances will I marry you.
?More examples:
?By no means, on no occasion/ account, in no case)
?If you were the last man in the world, I would definitely remain single.
?If you were to marry me, I would go to the convent.
?If the sun rose in the west, I would marry you.
?If you were to marry me, I would jump into the water (well/ lake/ river/ sea).
?If Bill Gates were your father, I would marry you.
?I will marry anybody but you.
?I can suffer anything but marry you.
?I would rather die than marry you.
?You are the last man I am willing to marry.
More examples
?表原因句型：
The reason why we have so much packaging is that we consume so much more on a daily basis than families did in the past.
?赏析：
?定语从句，表语从句和比较状语从句三个从句的结合。
2. Another cause is that old employees cannot adapt themselves to the rapid pace of society.
?赏析：表语从句和词组的结合。
?同义替换：
?reason=cause=factor=element
?rapid=eye-catching=eye-dazzling
?3. Many people have attributed the rise in violent crime to the increased media coverage of violence.
?改为被动语态：
?Increased media coverage of violence has been cited by many people as the reason why violent crime has been on the rise.
?4. 用―there be a causal relationship between… and…‖造句。
?There is a causal relationship between media coverage of violence and real-world violence. ?NB：这种方法需要熟悉英文语法。
引述别人观点
1. Many people regard the computer as the magic machine.
?同义替换：
?regard/ accept/ treat/ take/ describe/ recognize/ consider something as something
?look upon something as something
2. Some people, on the one hand, are in favor of the idea that advertisement should not be banned. ?赏析：同位语从句的使用。
?例如：
?Other people, however, are in favor of the idea that violence shown in media should be banned. 改写句子
?5. In a multicultural society, any visitor will receive hospitality regardless of race and ethnicity. ?用―society‖做主语：
?A multicultural society greets any new member with hospitality regardless of race and ethnicity. ?将句子改写为系表结构：
?A prominent trait of a multicultural society is the tremendous hospitality it offers to every new member, regardless of race and ethnicity.
我们的终极目标：
除非万不得已，同一篇文章中绝不重复使用同一个词，同一个短语，同一个句型两次。
3. 替换练习
?题干：
?A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your community. Do you support or oppose the factory? Explain your position.
1. 同义词替换
?announced — claimed, declared, pronounced
?wishes — wants, hopes, expects, anticipates
?build — establish, construct
?large – big, massive, enormous
?support — uphold, advocate, back
?advantages — merits, strengths, benefits
?disadvantages — drawbacks, defects,
?oppose — disapprove, condemn, combat
2. 同根词替换
?oppose --- opposition
?build--- building
?discuss--- discussion
?announce--- announcement
?explain--- explanation
3. 使用短语进行替换
?build --- set up
?support --- back up, argue (vote/ be) for, be in favor of, agree to (with), voice a support for, insist on,
?advantages --- strong (positive/ favorable/ beneficial/ helpful/ valuable) points (aspects) ?disadvantages --- weak (negative/ destructive/ devastating/ catastrophic) points (aspects)
4. 使用全新的表达法
?题干改写：
?被动语态：
?A large factory is supposed to be built near the community according to the announcement issued by a company.
?句型1：
?There is a growing awareness of both the positive and negative influences that A brings to B. ?There is a growing awareness of both the positive and negative influences that the construction plan brings to our community.
?句型2：
?There is a hit discussion concerning whether +题干讨论的话题.
?There is a hit discussion concerning whether a company should build a large factory near the community.
核心观点：
托福写作的任务是表达自己的思想，而不是用英语翻译汉语意思。
Thanks for coming,
see you soon!
Flora Sun
同义词替换
新托福词汇同义词替换表（写作，阅读，口语，写作）系列之（A,B,C） 同义词的积累对于阅读最大的好处就是让你真正明白正确答案的标准和特征，同样的道理，对于听力，也是听力原文和让你答题的选项之间常常不会是原封不动的说法，考官给考生制造难度的最常见方法就是换表达形式，但是不改变意思，同义词替换或者正话反说或者反话正说等等出题人常用的“伎俩”，因此以下开始给同学们列出所有新托福词汇的同义词归纳。 背完的单词如何能够灵活的输出，我在课堂以及讲座总是说要进行意群的划分，或者具体说就是同 义词的积累或者同类词的积累，因为这样储备之后我们在口语以及写作中就能够多样的表达，让语言的变 化性和生动性能够提高，比如很多同学说到“重要”，总是只能输出一个“important”，但其实写作中和口语 还有类似essential,influential,crucial等等多样的表达。好了，说过了同义词对于“口语”和“写作”这两大输出 环节的作用之后，再说同义词对于“听力”和“阅读”这两大输入环境的作用，阅读理解的精髓就是原文的信息 和选项信息的同义转化，因此例如原文中说一个方法非常的apparent，选项里的常常同义改写原说法，比 如变成“se lf-evident”或者“obvious”，因此同义词的积累对于阅读最大的好处就是让你真正明白正确答案的 标准和特征，同样的道理，对于听力，也是听力原文和让你答题的选项之间常常不会是原封不动的说法， 考官给考生制造难度的最常见方法就是换表达形式，但是不改变意思，同义词替换或者正话反说或者反话 正说等等出题人常用的“伎俩”，因此以下开始给同学们列出所有新托福词汇的同义词归纳。
托福写作同义词替换词(全)
同义词替换词 国内考生常用的表达更得分的表达方式 名词 1things that one tries hard to do one's undertakings/ one's commitments 2The fact is that?The reality is that? 3joy happiness/delight/ enjoyment 4sadness sorrow/ grief 5danger hazard/ peril ( 后面这个词语气很强，危险程度 非同一般 ) [派生 ] dangerous； hazardous ≈schooling （指学校教育，家庭教育则用 6education upbringing/ parenting）[ 区分 ]家庭教育的两个词 upbringing 是从孩子的角度说的，比如children's upbringing；而 parenting 是从家长的角度来说，比如 sensible parenting. 如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过 不停轮换使用 advertisement/ advertising有多郁闷。其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类 7advertisement/ advertising 细化，比如 commercials（电视或者互联网上的广告）， flyers（传单广告，北京最常见的形式就是“ 135****，办证”）， billboards （大幅的广告牌）或者 non-profit advertisements=public-interest advertisements （公益广告） 8car Automobile 9economic crisis economic meltdown（很接近） /recession（这个一般仅仅还是衰退） /the Great Depression （这个则是特指 1929 年开始的那次了） 10famous people celebrities （单数为 celebrity） 11human beings（备考生使humanity（注意这个词的单数指人类，复数用过多）指人文学科） /the human race 12wealth fortune(s)（ fortune 作财富的意思时可以加复数） 13[ 相关 ] rich wealthy/ affluent (adj.) 14skill≈注意这个词的正确解释是技能 technique( 或者方法，而不是 technology 科技 ) 15[ 派生 ] skilled adept/ adroit (adj.)
最新382组高分重点托福写作同义词替换
在ETS 规定的托福独立写作评分标准中，有一项是针对词汇和表达的，同样托福写作想要拿高分，在词汇的应用上也要有一定的技巧，今天整理了一些托福写作重点词汇的高分替换，看看ETS 考官更喜欢什么样的表达~希望对大家的写作有帮助~ 高分重点托福写作同义词替换 国内考生常用的表达 更得分的表达方式 名词 1 things that one tries hard to do one's undertakings/ one's commitments 2The fact is that…The reality is that… 3joy happiness/ delight/ enjoyment 4sadness sorrow/ grief 5danger hazard/ peril (后面这个词语气很强，危险程度非同一般) [派生] dangerous；hazardous 6education ≈schooling （指学校教育， 家庭教育则用upbringing/ parenting）[区分]家庭教育的两个词 upbringing是从孩子的角度说的， 比如children's upbringing； 而parenting是从家长的角度来说， 比如sensible parenting.
7advertisement/ advertising 如果你写过关于广告的题目， 就一定体会过不停轮换使用advertisement/ advertising 有多郁闷。其实主体段论证中 完全可以把广告类细化，比如commercials（电视或者互联 网上的广告），flyers （传单广告，北京最常见的 形式就是“135****，办证”），billboards（大幅的广告牌）或者non-profit advertisements= public-interest advertisements （公益广告） 8car automobile 9economic crisis economic meltdown （很接近）/recession （这个一般仅仅还是衰退） /the Great Depression （这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了） 10famous people celebrities （单数为celebrity） 11 human beings（备考生使用过 多）humanity（注意这个词的单数指人类，复数指人文学科）/the human race 12wealth fortune(s) （fortune 作财富的意思时可以加复数）
同义词替换
同义词替换 一、名词/名词短语 1.author= writer 作家 2.century=a hundred years 世纪、百年chance= opportunity 机会 decision = resolution 决定 dishes = food 食物 family = home 家 firm = company 公司 first name = give name 名字 last name = family name gift = present 礼物 litter = rubbish/trash 垃圾 match = contest比赛 message = information信息 note = message 短信 part=area地区 pen pal = pen friend 笔友 photo = picture 照片 question= problem 问题 shop = store 商店 sight= places of interest 名胜、风景some day = one day 来日、将来有一天sportsman = athlete 运动员 spot = place 地点、场所 stop = station 车站suggestion = advice忠告 table=desk 桌子 talk = conversation谈话 test= exam 考试 the Smiths = the Smith family 史密斯一家theme = topic 主题 tonight = this evening 今晚 top dog=winner赢家 two times = twice 两次、两倍 two and a half hour = two hours and a half 两个半小时 vacation = holiday 假期 way = method 方法 work = job 工作 二、动词/动词短语 ask for help= turn to 寻求帮助 come again = pardon 再一次 act = perform 表演 add---to---=put ---on---把---加到---上 afford = buy 买；承担得起 allow= permit 允许；准许 do---by oneself= alone 单独地；独自地 be hungry for becoming = be looking forward to becoming 渴望成为argue = quarrel 争论
托福作文常见替换词
托福作文常见替换词 Document number【AA80KGB-AA98YT-AAT8CB-2A6UT-A18GG】
100个精选替换词在手，托福作文不再怕(1) 1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) =universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) =ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) =adhere, cling(hold on something tightly) =ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.) =adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent) =woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL) =precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail) =obscure(unknown or known by only a few people) =peak, summit =rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics) =condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)
托福写作实现表达方式的多样性
托福写作实现表达方式的多样性 托福写作对语言表达的多样性有一定的要求。不仅如此，就一般的英文写作而言，能够用不重复的词汇和句式表达相同的意思也是非常有必要的。 如何才能实现表达方式的多样性呢?在这里给大家介绍几种常用的方法。 一.词汇与词组 要想在英文写作中避免多次使用同一个词，可以采用以下的方式： 1) 词性转换 通过转换词性来避免重复不失为一个好方法。常见的有把动词变为名词，把名词变为形容词等。 例：A. Making money is important for the youth to lead a decent life. B. Making money is of importance for the youth to lead a decent life. A. A country’s prosperity has much to do with its education. B. A prosperous country has much to do with its education. 2) 近义词和同义词的转换 另一种避免用词重复的方法是使用近义词或同义词进行替换，确保用词的多样性。 例：It is necessary/essential/important/significant/ vital/ crucial/critical/ momentous/paramount to develop education in a country. A. The government decides to develop local economy by means ofthe policy to build more factories. B. The government decides to develop local economy byadopting / applying/ using/ employing/ embracing the policy to build more factories. 3)词汇和词组的替换 第三种方法就是将词汇与相同意义的词组进行替换，来避免文章啰嗦重复。 例：A. Some people approve my standpoint. B. Some people are in favor of my standpoint. A. The man owned large amounts of fortune. B. The man was in possession of large amounts of fortune. 4)词组与词组的替换 不仅是词汇和词组能够相互替换，词组与词组之间也是可以的。 例：A. As far as I am concerned, I do agree with this opinion. B.To my way of thinking, I do agree with this opinion. A. Some people are against this standpoint. B. Some people are opposed to this standpoint. 二.句式变换 1. It 作形式主语 It is universally acknowledged that… It is widely recognized that… It is unavoidable that… It is an undeniable truth that… 例题：Improving schools is the most important factor for the successful development of a country It is widely acknowledged that education has played a significant role in
新东方老师推荐99个同义词替换精髓词汇精简版
100个同义词替换精髓词汇 1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) https://www.360docs.net/doc/2a10310825.html,mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) 3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) 5.neglect=ignore. 7.pursue=seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL) 8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail) 10.top=peak, summit 12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable) 13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way) 14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation 15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish
托福高频词与同义词替换
sector?available?financial?process?individual?specific?principle?estimate?variables?method?data?research?contract?environment?export?source?assessment?policy?ide ntified?create?derived?factors?procedure?definition?assume?theory?benefit?evidenc e?established?authority?major?issues?labour?occur?economic?involved?percent?int erpretation?consistent?income?structure?legal?concept?formula?section?required?co nstitutional?analysis?distribution?function?area?approach?role?legislation?indicate?re sponse?period?context?significant?similar? Sublist 2 community?resident?range?construction?strategies?elements?previous?conclusion?s ecurity?aspects?acquisition?features?text?commission?regulations?computer?items?c onsumer?achieve?final?positive?evaluation?assistance?normal?relevant?distinction?r egion?traditional?impact?consequences?chapter?equation?appropriate?resources?part icipation?survey?potential?cultural?transfer?select?credit?affect?categories?perceived ?sought?focus?purchase?injury?site?journal?primary?complex?institute?investment?administration?maintenance?design?obtained?restricted?conduct? Sublist 3 comments?convention?published?framework?implies?negative?dominant?illustrated?o utcomes?constant?shift?deduction?ensure?specified?justification?funds?reliance?phy sical?partnership?location?link?coordination?alternative?initial?validity?task?techniqu es?excluded?consent?proportion?demonstrate?reaction?criteria?minorities?technology ?philosophy?removed?sex?compensation?sequence?corresponding?maximum?circum stances?instance?considerable?sufficient?corporate?interaction?contribution?immigrati on?component?constraints?technical?emphasis?scheme?layer?volume?document?re gistered?core? Sublist 4 overall?emerged?regime?implementation?project?hence?occupational?internal?goals ?retained?sum?integration?mechanism?parallel?imposed?despite?job?parameters?ap proximate?label?concentration?principal?series?predicted?summary?attitudes?undert aken?cycle?communication?ethnic?hypothesis?professional?status?conference?attribu ted?annual?obvious?error?implications?apparent?commitment?subsequent?debate?di mensions?promote?statistics?option?domestic?output?access?code?investigation?ph ase?prior?granted?stress?civil?contrast?resolution?adequate? Sublist 5 alter?stability?energy?aware?licence?enforcement?draft?styles?precise?medical?pur sue?symbolic?marginal?capacity?generation?exposure?decline?academic?modified?e xternal?psychology?fundamental?adjustment?ratio?whereas?enable?version?perspect ive?contact?network?facilitate?welfare?transition?amendment?logic?rejected?expansi on?clause?prime?target?objective?sustainable?equivalent?liberal?notion?substitution ?generated?trend?revenue?compounds?evolution?conflict?image?discretion?entities?orientation?consultation?mental?monitoring?challenge?
雅思写作常用近义同义词替换表
Part 1 A A band of= a herd of=a flock of 一群 A range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of= a set of一系列Accelerate=speed up加速 Accomplishment=achievement 成就，完成 Accomplish=achieve （V）完成，达成，成就 Attend=participate in 参加 Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 得到、获得 Adapt to=integrate into使适应、融为一体 Aim.n=objective=goal 目的 Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调 An array of=a list of =a set of=a series of 一系列 Attempt to do=try to do=intend to do尝试作，想要作 Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约 Appreciation=interest 欣赏 As a result=consequently=as a consequence=hence因此、从而 As well as=and和 As well=too也 Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联Attach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在……上 At will=at random＝by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地Automatically ensure=guarantee确保 B Be similar to=closely resembled =have something in common 相似 Be used to=be devoted to专门用于 Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于 Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊 Briskly =rapidly=swiftly快速地 C Calculate=measure 衡量 Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐 Chief=major=dominant=principle主要的 Chronic=long term 慢性病的 Complain=illness 病症 Concern n. =focus关心的问题
托福写作考满分必备100个高级替换词汇
托福写作——100个替换词汇 important =crucial (extremely important)，significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) common=universal, ubiquitous (if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) abundant=ample(enough and usually extra)，plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) stick=adhere, cling (hold on something tightly) neglect=ignore。(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention。) near=adjacent(two things next to each other)，adjoin(the same as adjacent) pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned)，seek(if you seek sty, you try to obtain it FORMAL) accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details)，exact(correct in every detail) vague=obscure (unknown or known by only a few people) top=peak, summit competitor=rival, opponent (especially in sports and politics) blame=condemn (if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable) opinion=perspective, standpoint (means looking at an event or situation in a particular way) fame=prestige(describe those who are admired)，reputation build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL)，establish insult=humiliate (do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid) complain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way) primary=radical (very important and great in degree)，fundamental relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe) force=coerces into (coerce means you make someone do something she does not want to)，compel enlarge=magnify (magnify means make something
托福写作高级词汇
第三章托福写作高级词汇 ETS写明的对词汇的要求只有一个字appropriate（恰当）。看起来很简单，但是要达到这个要求并不是一件很简单的事情。何为“恰当”？其一要考虑到写作是书面语，一些口语化的表达，如“sup?”“hey, man ”, 以及不规则的缩写，如“ASAP”等就不适合在托福写作中出现。但是这毕竟不是一篇论文或者报告，考生也没有必要用非常正式，严谨的词语，考生的词汇量在5000左右，再背诵本章中列举出的常用词汇替换就可以满足高分作文的词汇要求的。其二是精确。精确的用词可以更好的传达出考生的思想。比方说，考生要说坐飞机旅行没有坐火车旅行好，如果只用bad就没有表现力了。到底不好在什么地方，是costly,还是risky,还是inconvenient,看上去只是替换了一个词，但是影响的考生思维的传达。其三是多变，有一些词在写作中有很大的可能会重复出现，比方说good, difficult, important，这些词不是不好，但是考生在文章中总是用一样的表述方式，就会让人觉得其人的词汇量是很limited的。那即使有些词汇本身很有表现力，也要寻求一些替换词，以便展示用词的多样性和考生的词汇量及语言驾驭能力。 本章第一部分列举了百余词汇替换，并有例句，建议考生结合例句记忆单词，不仅要认得这些单词，更要会使用它们。第二部分为常用的逻辑连接词。使用适当的逻辑连接词可以大大提升文章的连贯性。 注：括号中的词表示是简单的表述，如果没有括号，表示这个词本身也很好，只是多提供几个替换词。 1.常用词替换 1.非常（very）：extraordinarily; considerably Improving education quality is extraordinarily significant. 提升教育质量是格外重要的一件事。 Life in the misery had hardened him considerably. 苦难使他变得坚强多了。 2.停止(stop)：cease; terminate When can we cease from our labours? 我们什么时候才能免除劳役之苦? His contract has been terminated because of his carelessness. 因为他工作漫不经心，他的合同已经被终止。 3.开始（begin）: initiate, inaugurate Apple inaugurates a new era in the field of electronic technology. 苹果引领着电子技术进入新时代。 His diligence enables him to initiate a new stage of his life. 他的努力使得他开启了人生的新篇章。
托福阅读同义词替换
e n d u r in g =l a st in g p r e v a il in g =g e n e r a lly a c c e p te d i n c r e d i b l e =im p os s ib l e to b e l ie ve o b s o le te =ou t o f d a te s u it a b l e =a pp r o pr i a te a m b i t i ou s=im pr e ss iv e b u t d i ff i c u lt t o a c h ie ve t a k e pr e c e d e n c e o ve r=h a v e g r e a te r i m p o r t an c e t h an s u r pl u s= e x c e ss q u an t it y e x hi b it s= d is p l ay s e m b od y= in c or p o r ate u l ti m ate l y =e v e n tu all y v i r tu a ll y= N e ar l y s u s p e n d e d=f l o at in g r e p le n i s he d= r e s t or e d d r am at i c =st r ik in g d i st in c t i on= d i f f e r e n c e r a pp o r t= b on d t h r i ll= e x c it e m e n t v i t a l it y= e n e r g y s pe c i f ie d= s t ate d f o c u se d =c o n c e n tr a te d i m m in e n t=ab ou t to h a p p e n r e fi n e m e n t= i m p r o ve m e n t s c at te r e d= w i d e ly se p a r at e d s pe c u l ate s=p u t s f or w a r d as a p o s si b il i ty t r e m e n d ou s= e n or m o u s h e n c e= t he r e f or e i m p l e m e n t =pu t i n t o e f fe c t p a r t i c u la r ly= e sp e c ial l y s c ar c e =s h or t in su pp l y p r in c i p a l l y = m a in l y c on tr o ve r s i a l =pr o d u c in g d i s ag r e e m e n t i n d u c e= c au se t he f or m at i on o f f u e l s =pr o v id e s e n e r g y f or i n e v it a b le= c e r t a in a c c o r d in g l y= c or r e s p o n d in g ly c lu s te r= g r o u p e n o r m ou s =hu g e p r e su m a b l y= i t is r e a s o n a b le to a s su m e p e r t in e n t =r e le v an t s u b d u e= d e f e at c o in c i d e s w it h=oc c u r s at t he s am e t im e as j u s ti f y= p r o v id e a r at i on a l b as i s f o r p r om o te d= e n c o u r ag e d h i e r a r c h ic a l =h a v in g s e ve r a l le ve ls o f a u t h or it y c on s ti tu e n t s= c om p on e n t s e x c a v at e d= d u g fr om t he g r ou n d c h a r ac t e r is t ic= t y p i c a l a l t e r at i on= m od i f ic at i on h e n c e f or t h =f r om t hi s t im e on o b l ig e d=fo r c e d l a u n c h e d= s t ar te d e n su r e =g u ar an te e i n c i te d=st im u l a te d s u b s ta n t i a l =c on s i d e r a b le o u twe i g hs= e x c e e d s c o l le c t i ve =g r ou p e r e c t in g= c on st r u c t in g c on se q u e n t= r e su lt in g r e i n fo r c e s= su p p o r t s d e va s t ate= d e s tr o y s i m u lt an e o u s l y =a t th e s am e ti m e u n in te n t i on a l = u n p la n n e d a l t e r n a te= t ak e tu r n s a t r e g im e s= g o ve r n m e n t s a s u r g e o f=a s u d d e n in c r e a se i n s yn t he s iz in g= c om b in in g e le v a te d= r a i se d I n e ss e n c e=B as ic a l ly f e a s ib le= p r a c t i c a l s c a le =s iz e
托福写作高级词汇整理
托福写作高级词汇整理 在托福的写作中，我们使用一些高级词汇去替换掉那些陈谷子烂芝麻的词汇可以帮助我们提高分数，为了帮助大家备考，下面小编给大家带来托福写作高级词汇整理。 托福写作高级词汇 1) Come a long way 有很大的进步 Human being has come a long from drinking and eating raw food to talking through cell phones. 2) It is worthwhile to / it is worth doing It is worthwhile to spend time in learning music and art, because they can benefit me for life time. 3) Give credit for 归功于 The convenience that commuters (通勤者 )has now should give credit for the newly opened subway lines. 4) Give sb. a competitive edge 给某人竞争优势 Learning multiple languages give people a competitive edge in this demanding society. 5) Remove the barrier for 为(发展，交流等)消除障碍 Learning English is a way to remove the barrier for communicating with many foreigners./exchanging with exotic cultures. 6) Be the cornerstone of 是的基石 Believing in the correlation of hardworking and success is the cornerstone of American spirit. 7) Be an essential ingredient of 是的条件 A sound health is an essential ingredient of excellent academic performance. 8) profit from/benefit from 从中获益 People can profit/benefit from the advancement of modern technology, such as computers, the Internet and many digital devices. 9) is an indispensable part of 是中不可或缺的一部分 Advertising has become an indispensable part of our lives and it has been exerting profound influence on the way we live, work , play and learn. 10) plays a pivotal role in 扮演者至关重要的角色