近几年高考英语短文改错的错误类型【新东方权威资料】

近几年高考短文改错的错误类型

1.冠词：缺冠词

多冠词

错用冠词

As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life. 讲解：at an ---- age固定搭配词组，表示“出于---年龄”，比如说at an early/tender age，可以翻译为“很小/年幼的时候”.

例：①We may be one family and live under a same roo f…the

②My house is about three kilometers away from the National Stadium, also known as the “Bird’s Nest”, where __opening ceremony will be held. the

③It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody. the

2.名词：名词的数：即名词的单复数问题，可数与不可数问题

如: find a work→find a job ；2 woman doctors→2 women doctors ；these phenomenon→these phenomena

例：①I’ll get good marks in all my subject. subjects

②Both my parent miss you a lot . parents

③Now people get a lot of informations from TV. information

④Miss Zhang is one of the most popular teacher in our school. teachers

⑤Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class. knowledge

⑥If you have interests in it, reply to me soon. interest

3.代词：代词格（主格、宾格、所有格）

物主代词、反身代词、不定代词

2）人称代词、物主代词：例The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. their

3）指示代词：例Although this few words sound simple enough , …these

4）反身代词：例On Thursday I will have to decide what I want myself to do over… myself 5）不定代词

出题形式：

①代词多余

ie, Don?t lose your heart. With the help of the people all over the world, I?m sure you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness. 讲解：lose heart：become discouraged泄气；丧失勇气；而lose o ne?s heart（to sb/st）：fall in love爱上；钟情于。原文意思很明显是“别泄气”。所以应该把your去掉。一字之差，离题千里。

②代词混用

ie, We were living in a big family. We treate each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out. 讲解: 原文意思是说“我们生活在一个大家庭之中，彼此间相处如同兄弟姐妹。如果我们之中谁有困难，其他人就会帮助他/她解决困难。”所以应把them改为us;把other 改为others。

注意：the other表示两者之中“另一个”；the others表示在一个范围内的其他全部。

③代词遗漏

A teacher could make classes lively and interesting. 讲解: 应该在classes前加his，表示“使他的课堂生动有趣”。

例：①Now someone at home reads instead. everyone/everybody

②When you come, you can stay with ourselves. us

③We all enjoyed this precious day greatly, remembering the time we spent together and the people they were familiar with. we

④My parents got in touch with others mainly by sending him letters in the past. them

⑤I was only about six that he held his hand out to me. I took it in me and we walked. when mine

⑥While the others are jumping about in the air, I can run under my legs and get the ball. their

⑦Just at that time I woke up and found me still in bed! myself

⑧She always made sure that our homework was finished on time, and she marked strictly on

5.动词：时态、语态、语气

主谓一致

非谓语动词

系动词：①be以外的其他系动词被误用作行为动词，后面应该接形容词作表语，但接了副词。如: The meal smells badly.→

②系动词be在某些形容词前常受汉语影响而被遗漏。这些形容词有afraid，alive，aware，conscious，guilty，worth等。

动词及物、不及物

动词搭配

句型：①主谓宾补。主要是带复杂宾语的动词的固定搭配模式。如: spend sometime（in）doing sth. /make sb.do sth. /leave sth.to sb. /be seen to do/doing sth.等。

②传统句型。即传统语法概念上与动词有关的句子模式。主要有以下几类:

a）省略句型。如: While watch TV，they heard someone upstairs shout“Fire!Fire!”

b）动词非谓语形式作主语、宾语。有时需用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如: This is no good arguing with him. We think that necessary to have the bridge built first.

1）动词的时态、语态：一般为现在时态与过去时态的误用，主动语态与被动语态的误用等。

例：①I left school as soon as I can and started work.

②At once I apologize and controlled me at my best till the dinner started.

③We choose the cheapest biscuits and ate them under a tree.

④Our city is a modern city. It set up in the early 1980s.

⑤But, to my surprise, when he gets home, he saw the animal waiting at the door, still wearing his jacket with the wallet in the pocket.

⑥Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish.

⑦You can sit at the desk and read the daily newspapers, magazines and the other books, but you are not permit to take them out.

⑧Today, I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college.

2）非谓语动词：

例：①Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.

②Perhaps someone who wanted see the play would take them.

③I stayed at home all day, watch TV with my parents.

④It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.

⑤Get up early is a good habit.

⑥I could not to run very fast and fell behind.

⑦Li Meng came see me every day.

⑧You always gave me special attention and inspired to me to join in activities.

⑨I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.

3）动词短语：如Holiday and birthday postcards from relatives and letters from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world.

4）主谓一致：

①主语较长或谓语动词离主语较远:

The child，being taken care of by its grandparents，are deaf and mute.

②倒装句:

Standing in a line along the corridor is 3 groups of young pioneers who will set out on an expedition.

③定语从句:

The book many students found interesting that were written by a famous American scientist came out only last month.

6.介词：①介词省略

ie, I?m surt you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.

讲解：get rid of 是固定搭配，意思为“摆脱，除去”

②介词多余

ie,My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.

讲解：这里显然示对because of与because用法的辨别区分。前者不能接句子，而后者充当连词可以接句子。所以应该把of去掉。

③介词用错(一般为固定搭配)

例：①Can you tell me about what I should do?

②August is the best time of the year to visit Beijing, because of there is only a little rain and the weather is neither too hot nor too cold.

③In a cold winter morning, the poor girl starved to death.

7. 连接性词语：并列连词but，and，or和so的用法错误

主从连词because，（al）though，if，unless，before，after，until，as，while，whereas 等

连接性副词。如: however，moreover，besides，nevertheless，then，thus等

连接性介词。如: because of，despite，besides，instead of等。

ie, One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy.

ie,Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, but improve their English if they are talking with native speakers.

例：①She was smiling but nodding at me.

②I’d like to stay there for half a month, visiting places of interest or practicing my English as well. a

③My friend could read some German, but I couldn’t, and I gave her the biscuit bag to find the name.

④She always made sure that our homework was finished on time, but she marked strictly on our actual performance.

⑤He thought the poor animal was injured, but the kind farmer took off his jacket and put on the

animal.

⑥Working hard, and you’ll succeed at last.

8. 疑问句、从句的引导词

出题形式：

①ie, She never has enough time for that she wants to do.

②ie, We Chinese people have always been concerned about which has happened in your area.

例：①I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf.

②I live in Beijing, where is the capital.

③She looked at it and started to laugh, “How are you laughing?” I asked. “Because they’re dog biscuits!” She said.

④I hope to go to Beijing University, that is one of the best universities not only in China but also in the world.

⑤Today I was having a PE lesson while I fell down and hurt my foot.

⑥As is known to us all, that China is a great country with a long history.

① As is known to us all, China is a great country with a long history.

② It is known to us all that China is a great country with a long history.

③ What is known to us all is that China is a great country with a long history.

④ We all know that China is a great country with a long history.

9.词义的重叠：例Whenever I see them, I will often think of my English teacher.

10.固定搭配：

例：①In any other words, I am an only child.

②In my opinion, the world will become more beautiful if all of us love each other and help those in the trouble.

③The others day, on his way back from school, Li Ming found a strange toy car lying on the grass.

④To his great surprising, suddenly ,the toy became larger and larger.

逻辑错误

与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴。

2006四川卷：That night，we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant, uninterrupted meals. We

NMET 2005: Some students may also save up for our college or future use. their

Passage1.

At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his

father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose

a big one. It was almost as taller as the room!

They put them in the corner of the sitting

room. Kate was covered it with a lot of

Christmas light. The sitting room looked

really beautifully at the moment. There was

a fire burning in the fire place, but the Christmas

tree lights were shinning brightly. Jim and his

parents singing and dancing happily.

passage2

Now here are the weather report for our city.

Tomorrow will be fine with the high temperature

3℃ in the daytime. In the evenings, the temperature

will fell down below zero. The temperature

will be －8 ℃. The day before tomorrow, there

will be the strong wind and the temperature will

be low. It will fall down to －10 ℃. You had

better to wear your warm clothes. If you are a

driver, you’d better be more carefully when

you are driving because the strong wind.