AIMUN2016 Introduction to Committee Topics

AIMUN 2016

Introduction to Committees & Topics

委员会议题介绍

TOPICS (More details in Attachment #2)TOPICS Committees & Topics General

Assembly World Health

Organization

United Nations

Environment

Programme

International

Court of Justice United Nations

Educational,

Scientific and

Cultural

Organizaation

Economic and

Social Council

United Nations

Children’s Fund

Ambassador

Program WORKING LANGUAGE Security Council

UN Women

English English English English English English English English Chinese English 1.R efugee Deportation

2.International Drug Problem

Countering ISIL in Iraq and S yria 1.The Question of Antimicrobial Resistance 2.Impr oving Awar eness and Provision of Mental Healthcar e after Trauma 1.Illegal Wildlife Trade 2.Non-Motorised Transpor tation Whaling in the Antarctic: Australia vs. Japan 1.Sexual Violence against Women in Armed Conflicts

2.Question of Women’s Political Pa r ticip ation

Protection of Cultural Pr oper ty during Armed Conflict Reducing Child Mortality 1.E-commerce and the Use of Virtual Money / 电子商务与虚拟货币2.Implementing the Post-2015 Development Agenda / 落实2015年后发展议程70 Ye ars A ft er WWII: War and Peace Around the World

COMMITTEE TOPICS

Topic A

Single Delegation

Countries: 100

Refugee Deportation / 难民遣返问题

Refugee deportation has been a long-standing problem in the international community, with recent cases around the world once again bringing this situa-tion to the world’s attention. In any refugee crisis, and particularly in prolonged refugee crises, people forced to migrate may encounter difficulties in accessing basic amenities and exercising basic rights. Even when they have resettled permanently in a new country, refugees encounter barriers to these rights, all of which are pro-tected under international law. The key to solving this problem lies with the countries from which refugees originate, as well as countries receiving these refugees.

是否以及如何遣返入境寻求庇护的难民一直以来都是国际社会所面临的难题。近来难民问题似乎达到了前所未有的严重程度——根据媒体的持续报道,成千上万的难民冒着生命危险逃离所在国,却在途中遭遇种种磨难,甚至丧失性命。即便是已经在新国家安身的难民,也往往无法享受最基本的人权。难民来源国与难民接受国有必要在国际社会的协助与敦促下出面

保护难民,促进难民问题的解决。

Topic B

Single Delegation

Countries: 100

International Drug Problem / 国际毒品问题 Despite significant efforts around the world to counter

the problem of drugs, it continues to constitute a serious threat to public health and safety and the well-being of humanity, in particular that of children, young people and their families. It also undermines socio-economic and po-litical stability as well as sustainable development. Political commitment and international cooperation are integral to reducing the world’s demand and supply of illegal drugs.

虽然现在世界各地对毒品问题的打击行动已日趋加强,但毒品仍然严重危害全人类的公共安全与卫生,尤其是对孩童、青少年及其家人具有特别显著的影响。国际毒品问题已经严重影响了世界的稳定与可持续发展。遏制毒品的全球供给和需求,关键就在于加强各国对于处理问题的政治决心,并建立国际上的紧密合作。

Security Council

Topic Double Delegation

Countries: 15

Countering ISIL in Iraq and Syria 如何遏制伊斯兰国在伊拉克与叙利亚的势力

The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as ISIS) is a jihadist extremist militant group and self-proclaimed Islamic state and caliphate that is led by and primarily made up of Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria. According to the UN, ISIL is responsi-ble for numerous human rights abuses and war crimes. ISIL has been designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations as well as governments around the world. The Security Council, which is charged with the maintenance of international peace and securi-ty, has the responsibility of leading efforts to count-er ISIL, especially in its home bases of Iraq and Syria.

伊斯兰国是一个自称建国的活跃在伊拉克和叙利亚的极端恐怖组织,这个组织主要由伊拉克和叙利亚的逊尼派阿拉伯人领导与组成。联合国表示,伊斯兰国必须负起多项侵犯人权和战争罪的罪名。负有维护世界的和平与稳定职责的联合国安全理事会有必要带动各国加强对伊斯兰国的遏制,尤其是在伊拉克和叙利

亚这两个伊斯兰国关键基地。

Topic A

Single Delegation

Countries: 60

The Question of Antimicrobial Resistance

关于抗微生物药物耐药性的问题

Antibiotics and similar drugs, together called antimicrobial agents, have been used for the last 70 years to treat patients who have infectious diseases. Although these drugs have largely re-duced illness and death from infectious diseases, they have also been used too widely and for too long. As a result, infectious or-ganisms which the antibiotics are designed to kill have adapted to them, making the drugs less effective. This is an increasingly serious threat to global public health that requires action across all government sectors and society. T o this end WHO has draft-ed a global action plan to combat antimicrobial resistance which was submitted to the 68th World Health Assembly in May 2015.

A concerted and coordinated effort led by WHO is needed to minimize the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.

抗生素以及类似的药物可称作为抗微生物药物,在使用的70余年中已成功治疗许多传染性疾病,并在很大程度上减少了传染病所导致的死亡率。但是近年来,抗微生物药物的过度使用和误用却加快了耐药菌种的出现。这一议题正逐渐对全球公共卫生构成更重大的威胁。如果没有有效的抗感染治疗,许多标准的治疗方法

都会失败或变成高风险程序。WHO已开始重视这个问题——它于2015年5月的第六十八节WHO大会中提交了一份防止抗微生物药物抗药性的全球性计划。在这个问题上,WHO有必要扮演更具主导性的角色。

Topic B

Single Delegation

Countries: 60

Improving Awareness and Provision of

Mental Healthcare after Trauma 提高创伤后所提供的精神医疗保健及其意识

T raumatic events and loss are common in people’s lives. It is important for people to be aware of the need for mental health care after trauma and loss. Primary health-care work-ers should be trained to offer basic psychosocial support to refugees as well as people exposed to trauma or loss in other situations. Types of support offered can include psychologi-cal first aid, stress management and helping affected people to identify and strengthen positive coping methods and so-cial supports. WHO has released clinical protocols and guide-lines to health-care workers for treating the mental health consequences of trauma and loss,

but more can be done to improve the awareness and healthcare standards in this area.

在人的一生中,免不了遭遇重大损失、悲痛等创伤性事件。这些事件往往对人造成巨大的心理压力。初级医疗人员应得到专业的训练才能够为这些人提供基本的社会心理支持,其中包括心理急救、压力管理、和帮助受影响的人寻找其社会支柱和加强其应对压力的方式。虽然WHO已针对医疗工作者发布了相关的临床方案和指南,但是仍然有必要提高大众对精神卫生重要性的认识和医学界在这一方面的医疗标准。

Topic A

Single Delegation

Countries: 60

Illegal Wildlife Trade / 非法野生动物贸易

The illegal wildlife trade is considered to be the fourth-largest illegal trade in the world. According to some estimates, natural resources worth between $48 billion and $153 billion are lost globally each year due to the illegal wildlife trade. Although past glob-al efforts have partially succeeded in reducing the il-legal wildlife trade, there has been a resurgence in re-cent years. T o this end, more can be done to enforce stricter legislation as well as reduce consumer demand, among other measures. More cooperation between the UN, NGOs and private enterprises is also needed.

非法野生动物贸易是世界上非法贸易额排名的前四名之一。虽然过去的国际性措施曾取得过成效,但是在近期内该项非法贸易却有所反弹。可能的应对措施包括加强管制以及降低需求。此外,联合国、非政府组织以及

私人企业也可以扩展多方合作。

Topic B

Single Delegation

Countries: 60

Non-Motorised Transportation

非机动交通的发展

Non-motorized transportation such as walking and cycling are virtually pollution-free, making them some of the most effective ways to achieve sustainable de-velopment. More can be done to integrate non-mo-torized transportation options into the plans of devel-oped and developing countries alike. UNEP can help to develop a solution that appeals to pedestrian use, create incentives for governments, and provides sup-port to countries lacking competent infrastructure.

由于不排放污染物,非机动交通被视为实现可持续发展的最有效方式之一。然而许多发展中国家和发达国家都对发展非机动交通缺乏重视,因而欠缺这方面的基础设备。联合国

环保规划署可以尝试提出方案,以吸引更多公众使用非机动交通、为各国政府建立激励机制,并为缺乏完善基础设施的国家提供支持。

International Court of Justice

Topic

Single Delegation

Countries: 20Whaling in the Antarctic: Australia vs. Japan

南极水域捕鲸:澳大利亚诉日本

In May 2010, Australia filed a case against Japa-nese whaling in the Antarctic and in Australia’s Exclu-sive Economic Zone, on the grounds that Japan’s acts of whaling were based upon commercial whaling, rath-er than whaling for scientific purposes which is upheld by a self-imposed quota with a basis in the International Whaling Commission. Anti-whaling countries and orga-nizations consider the Japanese research program to be unnecessary, whilst Japan maintains that annual whaling is sustainable, necessary for scientific study and man-agement of whale stocks, and is rooted in her culture.

2010年5月,澳大利亚政府为阻止日本在南极水域的捕鲸活动,向国际法庭起诉了日本。反捕鲸活动的国家和国际组织认为,日本以科学研究为名的捕鲸行为属于不必要的商业行为。而日本则声称每年其捕鲸调查活动不仅是可持续的,而且对于鲸鱼数量的

科学研究和管理有着重大意义。

Topic A

Single Delegation

Countries: 60Sexual Violence against Women in Armed Conflicts

武装冲突中对妇女的性暴力

The general breakdown of law and order which oc -

curs during conflict and displacement leads to an increase

in all forms of violence. The tensions of conflict, and the

frustration, powerlessness and loss of traditional male

roles associated with displacement may be manifested

in an increased incidence of domestic violence against

women. Forms of violence that result from conflict and

refugee situations include: rape, sexual slavery, forced

prostitution, forced marriages and pregnancies, as well as genital mutilation. A global champion for women and girls, UN Women concerns itself with all forms of violence against women, which are an obstacle to the achieve-ment of its objectives of equality, development and peace.

随着战争与冲突在一些地区的发生,这些地方原有

的社会秩序和法律体制往往随之崩溃,从而使得所有形

式的暴力行为都大大增加。战争导致的无政府状态,以

及难民四处逃亡可能促使的男性角色丧失,使得女性往

往遭受更多的暴力。在战争和避难情况下,女性可能遭

受强奸、性奴囚禁、强迫卖淫、强迫结婚、怀孕和生殖

器切割等各种形式的暴力。联合国妇女署有义务尽全力

消除针对妇女的暴力,保障妇女享受充实美满的人生。

Topic B

Single Delegation

Countries: 60

At all levels, women’s leadership and participation in

political processes are restricted. This can be observed in

terms of women as voters, as well as women in leading po-

sitions in different aspects of society. This is despite recent

efforts to ensure equal rights to participate in democratic

governance. More can be done by UN Women to level the

playing f ield and open up more opportunities for women.

在21世纪的今天,女性的政治参与在全球仍然受到很大限制,在某一些国家女性甚至无法享有投票权,遑论在政治领域担任要职。联合国妇女署必须竭尽所能促成男女平等的环境,为女性创造更多的机会与可能。

United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization

Topic

Single Delegation

Countries: 60Protection of Cultural Property during Armed Conflict

在武装冲突中保护文物遗产

One of the major causes of destruction and loot -ing of cultural property over the ages has been armed conflict. The sad reality is that, over the centuries, many

works of art have been lost and cultural sites damaged or destroyed in war . At the international level, UNESCO has a particular responsibility to monitor compliance and help protect and preserve cultural property. A recent example

of cultural property destruction is the demolishment of cultural sites in Syria, such as the Palmyra T emple of Bel. 自古以来,武装冲突就是造成文物遗产破坏的主要原因之一。伊斯兰国(ISIS)在叙利亚的行为就是一个典型例子。最近,ISIS甚至摧毁了叙利亚的巴尔米拉城古刹

的一部分。在国际层面上,联合国教科文组织有责任确保各国遵守国际公约,完成对文化遗产的保存与保护。

United Nations Children’s Fund

Topic Double Delegation

Countries: 36

Reducing Child Mortality / 降低儿童死亡率

Reducing child mortality is the fourth of the Mil-lennium Development Goals (MDG) set by the United Nations to better the lives of the people around the world. Child mortality refers to the number children that die before the age of five. 6.3 million children un-der the age of five died in 2013, as a result of diseas-es which are avoidable or treatable. UNICEF, together with relevant UN agencies, has been successful in re-

ducing child mortality rates, but more can be done to ensure that every child gains access to available aid.

降低儿童死亡率是联合国千年发展目标之一,至今已取得了实质性的进展。儿童死亡率指的是规定年份出生的儿童在年满五岁前死亡的概率。2013年,有630万五岁以下儿童死亡。在这些儿童之中,一半以上是由容易预防或治疗的病症所导致。现在,UNICEF协同其他联合国相关机构共同努力,已经在一定程度上降低了儿童死亡率。虽然如此,我们坚信联合国可以尽到更大的努力,确保世界上的每个儿童都能够得到帮助。

Topic A

Single Delegation

Countries: 60

E-Commerce and the Use of Virtual Money

电子商务与虚拟货币

The scope for developing countries to participate in and benefit from e-commerce is expanding, with improved connectivity, new e-commerce applications, platforms and payment solutions, and the emergence of local e-commerce companies that are tailoring their services to local demands. However, legal measures to regulate e-commerce have not been implemented, es-pecially in developing countries. More can be done by ECOSOC to coordinate the implementation of such legal measures and ensure the safety of online transactions.

现代科技发展日新月异,新应用程序与支付平台正在蓬勃发展。地方电子商务企业也可依照当地的需求而提供相应的服务。鉴于上述理由,发展中国家更有能力参与电子商务并从中受益。但是,许多国家都缺乏管制电子商务的机制,特别是发展中国家。为此,E C O S O C可以在实施相关机制的过程中提供

支持,并确保网络交易的安全性。

Topic B

Single Delegation

Countries: 60Implementing the Post-2015 Development Agenda

落实2015后的发展议程

The eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

– which range from halving extreme poverty to halting

the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing universal primary

education – have been a milestone in global and na-

tional development efforts. As the deadline of 2015 has

been reached, the UN has expanded upon the MDGs

to create 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

and 169 targets to be achieved by 2030. The SDGs will have to avoid problems which the MDGs faced, such as funding issues as well as unequal progress made both within and across countries. Implementing the SDGs will be a major challenge for all stakeholders. 千年发展目标是国际发展的里程碑。由于千年发

展目标的期限已过,联合国已在此基础上新增了17

项可持续发展目标与169项其他目标,计划于2030年

达成。可持续发展目标必须避免千年发展目标曾面

对的问题,例如资金问题以及在国内与国际上的不

平等发展。落实

该发展议程将会是一项重大挑战。

Ambassador Program

Topic

Single Delegation

Countries: 1570 Years After WWII: War and Peace Around the World

战争与和平:二战后70周年的全球局势

70 years ago, people around the world united in

their vision of a peaceful world without war and con-

flict. In 2015, the world celebrated the 70th anniversa -

ry of the end of World War II. The United Nations was

set up after the war for the purpose of establishing an

international order that could hopefully prevent future

generations from ever witnessing the horrors of another

world war . T oday, 70 years on, there is a need for us to review the progress that we have made in our efforts in preventing war and fostering peace around the globe. 2015年,世界各国共同纪念二战结束70周年。珍爱和平、远离战争成为了二战后各国人民的愿望。1945

年联合国诞生,其首要职责就可以说是为了建立起国际

秩序,防止下一代再次亲证恐怖的世界大战。70年后的

今天,我们有必要重新审视与探讨各国的战争与和平境

况,在此基础上继续努力实现迈向世界和平的远大目标。

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