高考英语一轮总复习:专题1 名词和冠词

高考英语一轮总复习:专题1 名词和冠词
高考英语一轮总复习:专题1 名词和冠词

专题一名词和冠词

2016~2012年各省市高考题(改编)

名词

A卷全国卷

单句语法填空/单句改错

1.(2016·全国Ⅰ,61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me, pandas are its top________(attract).

答案attraction[空格前有形容词和物主代词,因此要用其名词形式。] 2.(2016·全国Ⅰ,69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day) with his sister.

答案days[few作来修饰可数名词复数,故答案为days。] 3.(2016·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.________

答案honest→honesty[由句意“他成功的关键是诚信”可知应当用名词形式。]

4.(2016·全国Ⅱ,42)Handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ________(achieve).

答案achievement[介词of后要用名词作宾语。固定表达 a sense of achievement成就感。]

5.(2016·全国Ⅱ,46)Recent________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.

答案studies[考查主谓一致。根据后面的谓语动词show可知,主语应该是复数形式。]

6.(2016·全国Ⅲ,阅读C)Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of ________(apple).

答案apples[在苹果节人们可以看到,并常常能尝到各种各样的苹果。a variety of各种各样,后面跟复数形式。]

7.(2015·全国Ⅰ,65)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese________(painting).

答案paintings[前面有many修饰,故用名词的复数形式。] 8.(2015·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Many rare animals are dying out.________

答案airs→air[air是不可数名词,没有复数形式。]

9.(2014·全国Ⅰ,69)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the________(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.

答案changes[根据后面的be动词可知此处应为复数。] 10.(2014·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)Since then—for all these year—we have been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please.________

答案year→years[根据前面的all these可知此处应为复数。] 11.(2014·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.________

答案hour→hours[一个半小时的表达为one and a half hours。] 12.(2012·全国Ⅱ,19)The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great________(demanding) in this city.

答案demand[考查固定搭配。in great demand急需。]

B卷地方卷

用所给词的适当形式填空

1.(2016·北京,阅读C)Although these ________(measure) are not effective forever, they are vital for now.

答案measures[考查名词单复数,根据前面的these和后面的are,可以判

断应用复数形式。]

2.(2016·北京,阅读D)The college years are supposed to be a time for important ________(grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.

答案growth[此处的growth和后面的development是并列关系,且用前面的important修饰。]

3.(2016·四川,阅读C)The ________(life) of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.

答案lives[根据后面的谓语动词,可以判断此处需要用名词的复数形式。] 4.(2016·四川,短文改错)Mom has a full-time job, but she has to do most of the houseworks.________

答案houseworks→housework[ housework是不可数名词。] 5.(2016·江苏,阅读C)The weather ________(effect) both good and bad, are felt in many places.

答案effects[根据后面的谓语动词,可以看出此处应该是复数形式。] 6.(2015·江苏,32)Some schools will have to make ________(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.

答案adjustments[句意:为了与国家足球改革相一致,一些学校将做出调整。固定表达make adjustments 做出调整。]

7.(2015·江苏,35)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.

—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ________(apologize).

答案apology/apologies[句意:——去和你的妈妈说对不起,Dave。——我想,但我怕妈妈不会接受我的道歉。作介词with的宾语和my的修饰语要用名词形式。]

8.(2015·浙江,15)One of the most effective ways to reduce ________(stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.

答案stress[句意:减少压力最有效的方法之一是与信任的人谈谈你的感受。作动词reduce的宾语要用名词形式,stress压力,紧张,为不可数名词。] 9.(2015·湖北,21)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ________(balanced) and had a bad fall.

答案balance[句意:追赶哥哥时,小男孩失去了平衡,重重地摔了一跤。形容词性物主代词his后跟名词形式。lose his balance失去平衡。] 10.(2015·安徽,30)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some________(think) and then let me know.

答案thought[句意:现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。思考一下,然后让我知道。some后应跟名词,thought想法。]

11.(2014·安徽,29)—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don’t have enough money for a new one?

—That’s a good ________(suggest).

答案suggestion[句意:——如果你没有足够的钱买一辆新车的话,为什么不先买一辆二手车呢?——这是个不错的建议(suggestion)。形容词修饰名词,故用名词形式。]

12.(2014·湖北,21)Her ________(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.

答案motivation[句意:她写作的动机是出于对女性获得高等教育权利的渴望。形容词性物主代词修饰名词。]

13.(2013·江西,22)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ________(patient).

答案patience[句意:每当我犯错的时候,老师都耐心地帮我指出来。with 是介词,介词后用名词形式,故用patience。]

14.(2012·山东,24)My first ________(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.

答案impression[句意:我对他的第一印象是,他是一个友好且体贴的年轻人。序数词first修饰名词。]

15.(2012·福建,25)—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?

—Well,you know,English is my ________(strong).So it is my best choice.

答案strength[句意:——你为什么选择去一家国际旅行社工作?——哦,你知道英语是我的强项。因此,这是我的最佳选择。形容词性物主代词my后

跟名词,strength意为“长处,强项”。]

冠词

A卷全国卷

单句语法填空/单句改错

1.(2016·全国Ⅰ,阅读A)In 1931,Addams became________ first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

答案the[序数词前面加定冠词the。]

2.(2016·全国Ⅱ,48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for________while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.

答案a[考查不定冠词的用法。让你的身体和思想休息一会。固定表达for a while一会儿。]

3.(2016·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)In that case, we will learn little about world.________ 答案world前加the[考查定冠词的用法。此处特指我们所生活的这个世界。]

4.(2016·全国Ⅱ,阅读D)A new collection of photos brings ________unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.

答案an[unsuccessful前面用an修饰。]

5.(2016·全国Ⅲ,阅读C)Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with ________interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园).

答案an[interest是名词,前面应用an。]

6.(2015·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside.________

答案countryside前面加the[in the countryside在农村,固定搭配。] 7.(2015·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.________

答案第二个a→the[此处表示特指,指的是女士和他都知道的那个商店。] 8.(2015·全国Ⅱ,62)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even________most modern of architects

and engineers.

答案the[根据空格后面的most可知此处表示最高级含义。] 9.(2014·全国Ⅰ,63)Now, years later, this river is one of________most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.

答案the[句意:多年之后,这条河成为最杰出的环保典型之一。可知,此处most前用the修饰表示的是最高级的概念。]

10.(2014·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)As result, the plants are growing everywhere.________

答案result前加a[考查固定搭配。as a result结果。]

11.(2014·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.________

答案去掉第一个the[all kinds of已经表示各种各样的,作修饰语修饰后面的名词,因此无需再用the修饰。]

12.(2013·全国Ⅰ,31)India attained________independence in 1947, after________long struggle.

答案/;a[考查冠词用法。句意:印度在长期抗争后,于1947年获得独立。attain independence获得独立,是零冠词用法;after a long struggle经过一段长时间的抗争,用不定冠词a表示数量。]

13.(2013·全国Ⅱ,13)Four and________half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and________break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.

答案a;a[句意:我们讨论了四个半小时直到半夜,休息时我们吃了些奶酪、巧克力,喝了些加糖的茶。four and a half hours是习惯搭配;第二空a break泛指“一段休息时间”。]

14.(2012·全国Ⅰ,22)Sarah looked at________finished painting with satisfaction. 答案the[句意:Sarah满意地看着那幅已经完成的画。根据句意可知painting前用the表示特指。]

15.(2012·全国Ⅱ,7)He missed________gold in the high jump, but will get________second chance in the long jump.

答案the;a[句意:他没有得到跳高的金牌,但是在跳远项目上还有一次

机会。a+序数词表示“又一”;gold前加the表示特指。]

B卷地方卷

用适当的冠词填空

1.(2016·北京,完形)It was ________ cold January in 1925 in North Alaska.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.

答案a[考查泛指概念。句意:这是1925年阿拉斯加北部一个十分寒冷的一月。]

2.(2016·四川,阅读B)They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make ________ difference in the lives of others.

答案a[make a difference固定搭配,对……有影响。]

3.(2016·江苏,阅读C)El Nin?,________Spanish term for “the Christ child”,was named by South American fisherman.

答案a[此处考查泛指概念,厄尔尼诺现象,一个西班牙词条。] 4.(2016·浙江,2)________prize for the winner of the competition is ________two -week holiday in Paris.

答案The;a[考查冠词。句意:竞赛的优胜者奖是在巴黎两周的假期。第一空,“竞赛的优胜者奖”为特指,故应用定冠词the作限定;第二空,指“一段两周的假期”,故应用定冠词a限定。]

5.(2015·江苏,33)—Why didn’t you invite John to your birthday party? —Well, you know he’s ________ wet blanket.

答案a[句意:——为什么你没邀请约翰参加你的生日聚会?——唉,你知道他是一个令人扫兴的人。固定表达a wet blanket 令人扫兴的人或物。] 6.(2015·浙江,2)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write ________ children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.

答案a;the[句意:琼的奶奶多年来一直想写一本儿童书籍,但总有这样那样的事情阻碍她不能实现。第一空表泛指,故用不定冠词a;第二空为固定表达get in the way妨碍,阻碍。]

7.(2015·重庆,3)I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.

答案the;a[句意:我刚听说Dora 工作的银行被一位蒙面持枪歹徒抢劫了。第一空为特指,表示“Dora 工作的那家银行”,第二空为泛指,表示“一位蒙面持枪歹徒”。]

8.(2015·陕西,14)________ more learned a man is,________more modest he usually becomes.

答案The;the[句意:一个人的知识越是渊博,他通常就越谦虚。考查固定搭配。the more...the more...越……越……。]

9.(2015·四川,5)Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven.

答案a[考查冠词。句意:Brian在创作音乐上极有才华,他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。不定冠词在人名前表示:一个像……那样的人。] 10.(2014·陕西,19)________ village where I was born has grown into ________ town.

答案The;a[考查冠词。句意:我出生的那个小村庄已经变成了一个城镇了。根据句意可知,“我出生的村庄”由定语从句修饰,表特指,用定冠词the;而第二空应是泛指。]

11.(2014·天津,8)Life is like ________ ocean:Only ________ strong-willed can reach the other shore.

答案an;the[考查冠词。句意:生活就像一个大洋,只有那些意志坚强者才能到达彼岸。此句中的ocean是可数名词且是第一次出现,故用an;第二个空中the+adj.表示一类人。]

12.(2014·浙江,2)The paper is due next month,and I am working seven days ________ week,often long into________night.

答案a;the[考查冠词。句意:这篇论文预计下个月写完,我一星期工作七天,经常熬到深夜。a week泛指一星期;第二空为习惯用法,如work into the night工作到深夜。]

13.(2014·重庆,6)I can’t tell you ________ way to the Wilson’s because we don’t have ________ Wilson here in the village.

答案the;a[考查冠词。句意:我无法告诉你去威尔逊家怎么走,因为我

2017年高考英语四海八荒易错集专题01名词与冠词

专题01 名词与冠词 1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,61)But for tourists like me,pandas are its top ________(attract).【答案】attraction 【解析】句意:但是对于像我一样的游客来说,大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词top“头等的;最重要的”后面跟名词形式。 2.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed... 【答案】days 3.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,42)Then,handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________(achieve). 【答案】achievement 【解析】句意:然后,首先处理最重要的任务,那么你会感到真正意义上的成就。介词of后应用名词作宾语。 4.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,46)Recent ________(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 【答案】studies 【解析】句意:最近的研究显示如果我们有规律地进行短暂的休息的话,我们工作的效率会更高。study“研究”为可数名词,本句的谓语动词为sh ow,说明主语应用名词复数studies。 5.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the ________ (develop)of chopsticks. 【答案】development 【解析】句意:一些人认为大约生活于公元前551年到479年间的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。根据空格前面的the可知,所填词应用名词形式。 6.(2016·四川,65)Any smell might attract natural ________(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.

高考名词专项

1.In this strange village, there are many small flags on their _____. A. roof B. roofs C. rooves D. roofes 2.He gained his ____ by printing _____ of famous writers. A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works 3.My parents always let me have my own ___ of living. A. way B. method C. manner D. means 4.Many people agree that ____ knowledge of English is a must in ____ international trade today. A. a; / B. the; an C. the; the D. /;the 5.The television was repaired but not quite to the owner’s _____. A. joy B. pleasure C. surprise D. satisfaction 6.If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask him to leave a ____. A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice 7.I need ___ cloth, for I’m going to make ____ clothes. A. a lot of ; many B. much; much C. many; many C. many; a lot of 8.How happy they are? Obviously, they are _____. A. in nice spirits B. in nice spirit C. in high spirits D. in high spirit 9.Is there ____ for one more in the car? A. seat B. situation C. position D. room 10.A worker ant has two ____, one stomach holds the food for itself and the other is for food to be given to other ants. A. stomach B. stomaches C. stomachs D. sotmacs 11.Both Mars and Engles were _____. A. German B. Germans C. Germany D. form German 12.–How was your recent visit to Qingdao? –It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ____ days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 13.____ is standing at the corner of the street. A. A police B. The police C. Police D. A policeman 14.____ of the land in this district ___ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are 15.Professor Li gave him one of the best ____ I’ve never heard. A. advices B. pieces of advice C. idea D. suggestion 16.All the scientific evidence ____ that increasing use of chemicals in farming ____ damaging our health. A. show; are B. shows; are C. show; is D. shows; is 17.– What do you want? – I want ___ that is on the table. A. the piece of bread B. a piece of bread C. a bread D. some of bread 18.Being able to afford ___ drink would be ____ comfort in those tough times. A. the; the B. a; a C. a;/ D. /; a 19.Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ____. A. excuse B. sense C. use D. value 20.Which do you like better, ____ or ____? A. tomato; potato B. tomatoes; potatos C. tomatos; potatoes D. tomatoes; potatoes 21.The ____ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into ____ car. A. girl’s; Tom’s B. girls’; Tom’s C. girls’; Tom’s D. girl’s; Toms’ 22.– Have you ever visited the Leaning Tower in Pisa? – oh yes, ___. A. dozens of times B. a dozen of times C. dozens of time D. a dozen time 23.____ has been used to save his life. A. All possible means B. Every possible means C. Every possible mean D. All the possible means 24.Jenny went to the ____ to buy a pair of shoes. A. shoes store B. shore store C. shoe’s store D. shoes’ store 25.Would you please show me the way to the ____? A. dresses’s shop B. dress shop C. dress’ shop D. dresses shop 26.–isn’t it getting dark early tonight? –I think so, I see ___ is on already. A. the street’s light B. the street light C. the light of the street D. the light of streets 27.This is a useful book for ___. A. physics’ teachers B. physics teachers C. physics teacher D. physics’s teachers 28.Tom was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ____. A. rooms number B. room number C. room’s number D. room numbers 29.The mother helped the child ____. A. build sand castles B. build castles in sands C. build castes with sands D. build castles by sands 30.There are three ___ in our factory. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor 31.Jenny asked me to get her ____, for the old one broke a few days ago. A. a pot of tea B. a pot for tea C. a tea pot D. a tea’s pot. 32.Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for heath. It may also be good for _____ building. A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character 33.Take your time –it’s just ____ short distance form here to ____ restaurant. A. /;the B. a; the C. the; a D. /; a 34.Every morning Mr. Turner’s daughter got up early to ____ the cows. A. water B. milk C. grass D. food 35.The history of ____ is full of achievements and adventures. A. man B. men . Men’s D. the men

高考英语-名词与冠词-专题练习(一)(含答案与解析)

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高考英语名词专项练习题.doc

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