2018年中考英语第一轮总复习(人教版新目标)第9讲 八年级下册(Units5~7)解析版
第9讲八年级下册（Unit 5－Unit 7）
高频词汇拓展
1. report→(记者)reporter
2．strange→(陌生人)stranger
3．wind→(有风的)windy
4．heavily→(重的)heavy
5．asleep→(睡觉)sleep→(困倦的)sleepy
6．against→(反义词)for
7．completely→(完成)complete
8．silence→(沉默的；无声的)silent
9．shoot→(过去式) shot→(过去分词)shot
10．silly→(同义词) stupid→(反义词)clever/smart
11. storm→(有暴风雨/雪的)stormy
12．wife→(复数)wives
13．wood→(木制的)wooden
14．lead→(过去式) led→(过去分词)led→(领导)leader
15．truth→(真的；符合事实的)truthful→(诚实的；真实的)true 16．shine→(过去式) shone→(过去分词)shone→(光亮的；有光泽的)shiny 17.record→(录音机；录像机)recorder
18．nature→(自然的；天然的)natural
19．Asia→(亚洲人；亚洲的)Asian
20．tour→(旅行者；观光者)tourist→(吸引很多游客的)touristy 21．protect→(保护；防卫) protection→(保护人)protector
22．wide→(普遍地；广泛地)widely
23．thick→(反义词)thin
24.include→(包括……在内)including
25．achieve→(成就；成绩；完成)_achievement
26．awa ke→(醒；唤醒)wake
27．weigh→(重量)weight
重点短语组句
1.go off(闹钟)发出响声
闹钟确实响了，但我只是打了个哈欠，翻个身又接着睡着了。
The alarm did go off but all I did was yawn, turn over and go back to sleep.
2.pick up(=pick up the phone)接电话
你竟敢拿起电话偷听我的谈话！
How dare you pick up the phone and listen in on my conversations!
3.fall asleep进入梦乡；睡着
与睡眠好的人相比，睡眠不好的人要花更长的时间才能入睡。
Poor sleepers take longer to fall asleep than good sleepers.
4.die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
我们希望暴风雨在我们出航前平息。
We're hoping that the storm can die down before we go out sailing.
5.have a look看一看
你应该去瞧瞧。You should go along and have a look.
6.make one’s way前往；费力地前进
那里有许多人以至于我们在人群里举步维艰。
There were so many people that we could hardly make our way out of the crowds.
7.in silence沉默；无声
他们默不作声地站着。They stood in silence.
8.take down拆除；往下拽；记录
汤姆，我们一直试着给你回电话，可是，或许我们把你的号码写错了。
We've been trying to get back to you, Tom, but we think we took your number down incorrectly
9.remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
我当然完全不记得和你讲过话。I certainly don't remember talking to you at all
10.at first首先；最初
开始他不同意，但后来同意了。At first he didn't agree, but later he did.
11.put on 穿上
我能想吃什么就吃什么，但是体重从来不增加。I can eat what I want but I never put on weight
12.keep doing sth. 坚持做某事
我总是忘了现在是12月了。I keep forgetting it's December.
13.instead of代替；反而
你为什么不参加踢足球而只是看热闹？Why don't you play football instead of just looking on?
14.turn...into变成
我想我得停下来了，否则我就会变成一台机器。
I think I have got to stop or I might turn into a machine
15.work on doing sth. 致力于做某事
我们得努力编成这本书。We got to work on putting the book together.
16.continue to do sth. 继续做某事
我们希望她能继续大力支持，并能与她维持亲密友谊。
We hope to continue to have her close support and friendship.
17.try to do sth. 试图做某事
错了就错了，不要辩解。A mistake is a mistake. Don't try to explain it away.
18.feel free（可以）随便（做某事）
如果有任何问题，请随意提问。If you have any questions at all, please feel free to ask me.
19.as far as l know就我所知
据我所知，他将外出三个月。
As far as I know he'll be away for three months.
20.take in吸入；吞入（体内）
叶子吸收阳光。Leaves take in sunlight.
21.in the face of面对（问题、困难等）
他迎着危险勇往直前。He took his courage in both hands in the face of danger.
22.even though(=even if)即使；虽然
哪怕失败，我也要试一下。I will have a try even though I should fail.
23.up to到达（某数量、程度等）；至多有；
那里有多达200万人口依靠食品援助。
Up to two million people there are dependent on food aid
24.walk into走路时撞着
你是怎么了，走路撞上门了？What did you do, walk into a door?
25.fall over绊倒
如果他喝酒超过两杯，就会醉倒。If he drinks more than two glasses of wine, he falls over. 必考词句辨析
考点一He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3 a.m. 最后，他在大约凌晨3点钟当风渐渐平息下来的时候睡着了。
【考点精讲】
此处when作从属连词，意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。
【辨析】when，while
when与while都可引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。但区别为：
◆when既可指时间点，也可指时间段；从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词；从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时。
◆while只指时间段；从句中的动词必须是延续性动词；主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程中或主、从句两个动作同时发生；若从句与主句动作同时发生，主、从句都用进行时。
◆when和while还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时”；while表示“而；却”，表示对照关系。
◆when可用于表示“一……就……”的句型中，若主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。
【拓展】while与when在过去进行时中位置的转换：
While John was playing the piano，Mary left the house.约翰在弹钢琴时，玛丽离开了家。John was playing the piano when Mary left the house.当玛丽离开家时，约翰在弹钢琴。
【辨析】sleepy/asleep/sleeping/sleep
◆sleepy指人昏昏欲睡，或沉睡时的寂静状态，即可作表语，又可作定语。作表语时，是“困倦、想睡觉”之意，作定语时，作“贪睡、寂静的”意思。eg：
The children feel sleepy，put them to bed.孩子们困了，把他们放床上睡吧。
◆asleep是表语形容词，意为“睡着的”。fall asleep“睡着”。eg：He was too tired and fell asleep at once.他太累了，立刻就睡着了。
◆sleeping是定语形容词，它放在所修饰的名词前。意为“睡觉的”。eg：Who is that sleeping man？那个在睡觉的人是谁？
◆sleep作动词或名词。意为“睡眠，睡觉”。eg：
You have a good sleep.你需要好好睡一觉。
Last night I slept very well.我昨天晚上睡得很好。
【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?河南）Everyone wants to reach the top of the mountain，but all the happiness happens while you it．
A．climbB．climbed C．are climbing D．have climbed
【考点】现在进行时．
【分析】人人都想到达山顶，但是登山的快乐就在你爬山的过程中．
【解答】答案：C．
在这里while是当…的时候，它引导一个时间状语从句，而且主句的动作发生在从句动作进行的过程中，所以while引导的句子用进行时，本题根据句意"人人都想到达山顶，但是登山的快乐就在你爬山的过程中．"判断用现在进行时，构成是：主语+am/is/are+动词的现在分词．故选C
( )2.（2016?黄石）-What were you doing ______ I knocked at the door？
-I was sleeping．
A．unless B．once C．when D．while
【考点】从属连词．
【分析】-昨天晚上我敲门的时候你干嘛呢？
-我正在睡觉．
【解答】答案：C；unless除非；once一旦；when当…的时候；while当…的时候；when，while都有"当…时候"的意思．when既可表示某一点时间，也可以表示某一段时间．在when 引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生，也可在其后发生；while只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一点时间．在while引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在．根据从句I knocked at the door可知谓语动词只能是非延续性的，必须用when引导；故选C．
( )3.（2016?贵阳）Paul stayed up late to watch the soccer game last night and now be feels very ．
A．sleep B．asleep C．sleepy
【考点】形容词的位置．
【分析】Paul昨晚熬夜看足球赛了，现在他感到很困倦．
【解答】答案：C
sleep睡觉，动词；asleep睡着的，形容词；sleepy困倦的，形容词；feel是系动词，后跟形容词，排除A；根据Paul stayed up late to watch the soccer game last night可知现在的状态是困倦而不是睡着，故选C．
考点二When he woke up, the sun was rising.当他醒来的时候，太阳正在升起。
【考点精讲】
【辨析】raise/rise
两个词都有“举起；提高；升起”之意，但其用法不尽相同。
◆rise是不及物动词，是“升起；上升；上涨”的意思。说明主语自身移向较高的位置。比如太阳的升起、河水的上涨等
eg：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起而落在西方。
The river ha s risen several metres.河水涨了好几米。
◆raise 及物动词，意为“举起；把……升起”，说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的。比如举手、升国旗等。此外，raise 还有“饲养；筹集”之意. eg：If anyone has questions，please raise your hand.如果有人还存在问题，请举手。
【精题巧练】
( )1. (2017·武汉)—Dad, I'll be in the final singing competition tomorrow.
—Be careful not to get a sore throat and________ your voice.
A. lose
B. raise
C. drop
D. break
【考点】动词词义辨析．
【分析】--爸爸，明天我要参加歌唱总决赛．
--小心别让喉咙痛而让你失声．
【解答】答案：A．考查动词词义辨析．句意：--爸爸，明天我要参加歌唱总决赛．--小心别让喉咙痛而让你失声．lose失去；raise提高，上升；drop下降；break打破．根据题干Dad，I'll be in the final singing competition tomorrow．爸爸，明天我要参加歌唱总决赛．可知应说小心别让喉咙痛而让你失声．故选A．
考点三I was so scared that I could hardly think clearly after that.
我是如此害怕，以至于事后我几乎不能想清楚。
【考点精讲】
【辨析】so...that，such...that
“so ＋形容词或副词＋that 从句”表示“如此……以致……”，that 从句为结果状语从句。“such...that...”也是表示“如此……以致……”，但such 后面接名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带)，句式为“such＋a(n)＋adj.＋单数可
数名词＋that 从句”或“such＋adj.＋不可数名词/可数名词的复数＋that 从句”。
如果名词前有many, much, few, little 等修饰词的话，则不用such 而用so。eg：
He is so clever that everybody likes him.他非常聪明，大家都喜欢他。
＝He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.
他是一个很聪明的男孩，大家都喜欢他。
He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.
他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。
He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.
他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。
【辨析】so...that，so that
so...that意为“如此……以至于……”，that后接结果状语从句。
so that意为“为了；目的是”，that后接目的状语从句，与“in order that”同义。eg：
She is so beautiful that everyone likes her very much.
她是如此漂亮以至于每个人都非常喜欢她。
He got up earlier than usual so that he could catch the early bus.
他比平时起得早为的是赶上早班车。
【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?西宁）--When shall we begin our trip？
--We'll set out ________ our head teacher arrives．（）
A．as soon as B．ever since C．so that D．even though
【考点】从属连词．
【分析】--我们什么时候开始我们的旅程？
--校长一到我们就出发．
【解答】答案：A；根据语境以及上下文，本题考查的是连词的用法．根据设空处前后句子和它们的时态（主将从现）可以推测答语的句意是"校长一到我们就出发．"表示"一…就…"用短语as soon as，故选A．
( )2.（2016?丹东）We must get up early ______ we can catch the first bus to school．（）
A．so that B．such that C．in order to D．in order
【考点】状语从句．
【分析】我们必须早起床，为的是赶上去学校的第一趟车．
【解答】答案：A；
根据句意可知，句子中的we can catch the first bus to school是We must get up early 的目的，所以用so that引导表示目的状语从句，in order to（"为的是"，后面跟动词原形）引导目的状语；故选A．
考点四But what could Yu Gong do instead of moving the mountains？
但是不把山移开，愚公还能做什么呢？
【考点精讲】
【辨析】instead，instead of，rather than
◆instead为副词，意为“代替；反而；却”，修饰整个句子作状语，常放在句首或句末。eg：
I don't like tea，so give me coffee instead.我不喜欢茶，所以给我咖啡。
The class didn't smile.Instead，they all made faces.同学们没有笑。反而他们都做鬼脸。
◆instead of和rather than都可以表示“而不是”，常位于句中，两者都可接名词、代词等作宾语。若后接动词时，instead of后接v.-ing，rather than后常接动词原形。eg：I'll go instead of him.我将代替他去。
We should do something instead of just talking about it.
＝We should do something rather than just talk about it.
我们不应该只是谈论，而应该做点什么。
【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?烟台）Life is the unexpected．Whatever we do，try our best．A．full of B．proud of C．instead of D．because of
【考点】介词短语．
【分析】生活充满了意想不到的东西．无论我们做什么，尽我们最大的努力．
【解答】答案A．be full of 充满；be proud of 自豪；instead of 代替；because of 由于．结合语境应该是生活充满了意想不到的东西．故选A．
考点五Well, there are many other ways. 嗯，有许多其它的方法。
【考点精讲】
【辨析】other，else
other和else都可作形容词，表示“别的”，但用法完全不同。
other修饰名词，位于名词之前；eg：What's that in your other hand？你另一只手里拿的是什么？
else修饰不定代词(something，everything，anything，nothing，somebody，everybody，anybody，nobody等)、疑问代词(who，which，what等)和疑问副词(when，where等)，位于这些词之后。eg：What else did you do yesterday？昨天你还做了什么？
【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?株洲）The twins are in different classes．One is in Class One and ______ is in Class Two．
A．another B．other C．the other
【考点】不定代词．
【分析】这对双胞胎在不同的班级，一个在一班另一个在二班．
【解答】答案C．A．another 泛指另一个B．other 泛指其他的（人或物）C．the other （两个人或物中的）另一个．根据题意，我们可以知道双胞胎是两个人，所以答案应该为C，表示两个人中的另一个，表示特指．故答案为C．
考点六As soon as you wake up, you must go to the forest with your father.
你们一醒来就必须和你们爸爸去森林里。
【考点精讲】
as soon as意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。在使用时，要注意主、从句时态一致。当主句是一般将来时或过去将来时时，从句应对应使用一般现在时或过去时。
eg：The baby began to cry as soon as she saw her mother.那个婴儿一看见她妈妈就开始哭。We'll go to play basketball as soon as the rain stops tomorrow.明天雨一停我们就出去打篮球。【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?南充）Jenny didn't go to bed____her mother came home last night．A．as soon as B．if C．while D．until
【考点】从属连词．
【分析】Jenny昨天晚上直到她妈妈回家才去睡觉．
【解答】答案：D．
联系语境并根据前后句子的对比，可知本句应理解为：Jenny昨天晚上直到她妈妈回家才去睡觉．；结合关键词didn't，可以判断出此句应用固定表达not…until来完成，意为"直到…才…"引导一个时间状语从句．故选D
( )2. (2017·天津)It's not always safe to pay over the Internet，________you should be careful.
A. so
B. after
C. because
D. as soon as
【考点】连词辨析
【分析】通过互联网支付并不总是安全的，因此你应该小心．
【解答】答案：A．考查连词辨析．句意：通过互联网支付并不总是安全的，因此你应该小心．so因此，所以；after 在…之后；because因为；as soon as一…就…．根据题干It's not always safe to pay over the Internet，通过互联网支付并不总是安全的，可知应说因此你应该小心．故选A．
考点七Then they hear an old woman’s voice from inside the house.
【考点精讲】
【辨析】voice/sound/noise
◆voice侧重人的声音(说话、唱歌、发笑)，有时也指鸟鸣声。用于其他方面时，常表示悦耳之声，如鸟鸣声、乐器声等。表示不同种类的声音时为可数名词。eg：
We could hear the children's voices in the garden.我们能听到花园里孩子们的声音。
◆noise指“不和谐、不悦耳”的噪声。eg：
Don't make so much noise.不要制造如此多的噪音。◆sound作名词，指人们听到的各种“声音”的总称；还可以作连系动词，意思是“听起来”。
eg：That sounds interesting！那听起来很有趣。
【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?安徽）Cathy has such a good_____that she won many prizes in singing competitions last year．
A．sleep B．idea C．voice D．time
【考点】名词的词义辨析．
【分析】Cathy有这么好的声音，她在去年的歌唱比赛中赢得了许多奖项．
【解答】答案：C；sleep睡觉，动词；睡眠，名词；idea主意，名词；voice声音，名词；time时间；名词；根据句中后面信息she won many prizes in singing competitions last year推测句中指的是Cathy有这么好的声音；故选C．
( )2.（2016?济南）-Do you like the songs by Taylor？
-Yes．Country music nice and full of feelings．
A．sounds B．listens C．hears D．looks
【考点】系动词．
【分析】--你喜欢泰勒的歌吗？
--是的，乡村音乐听上去优美且富有感情．
【解答】答案：A．
结合选项可知本题考查感官动词，首先明确选项中每个单词的意思：A：听起来；B：听（强调动作）；C：听见（强调结果）；D：看起来；根据设空处后面的nice，结合题干推测答语的句意是"是的，乡村音乐听上去优美且富有感情．"，所以sounds 符合句意，故选A．( )3.（2016?孝感）-Mom，I will eat less fast food this year，believe me．
-If you make a ________，you must keep it．
A．joke B．noise C．mistake D．promise
【考点】名词的词义辨析．
【分析】-妈妈，今年我会吃更少的快餐食品，相信我．
-如果你许诺了，你必须守信．
【解答】答案：D
make a joke开玩笑；make a noise吵闹；make a mistake犯错；make a promise许诺；根据I will eat less fast food this year可知这是一个许诺，故选D
考点八The main reason was to protect their part of the country.
主要的原因是保护他们国家的地区。
【考点精讲】
protect动词，意为“保护；防护”，常用于短语protect...from/against...中，意为“保护……使不受……”。eg：
There're fewer animals.It's important for us to protect them.
动物们越来越少，对于我们来说保护它们很重要。
He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.
他戴着太阳镜以遮挡强烈的阳光。
【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?兰州）These rules are made the disabled．
A．protect B．protected C．to protect D．protecting
【考点】一般现在时的被动语态．
【分析】制定这些规则为的是保护残疾人．
【解答】答案：C
根据设空处前后推测句意是"制定这些规则为的是保护残疾人．"即"保护残疾人"是"制定规则"的目的，表示目的应该使用动词不定式形式，故选C
【点评】明确句意，掌握不定式的用法是做好本题的关键．
考点九The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.这些登山者的精神告诉我们，我们应该永不放弃，努力实现我们的梦想。
【考点精讲】
give up 固定短语，意为“放弃”，后跟名词、代词、动词-ing形式作宾语。若接代词作宾语时，代词要放在give和up之间。类似用法的短语还有put off 。
The doctor says her father should give up smoking. 医生说她父亲应该戒烟。
后接动名词的动词短语：
look forward to doing sth.期待做某事；
be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事；
feel like doing sth.想做某事；
cannot help doing sth.忍不住做某事；
put off doing sth.推迟做某事
think about doing sth. 考虑做某事
keep/go on doing sth. 继续/坚持做某事
【辨析】achieve，come true
◆achieve是及物动词，“实现”，有被动语态，主语为人。eg：
She achieved her dream.她实现了她的梦想。
◆come true是不及物动词词组，意为“实现，达到”, 主语常为物。eg：Her dream came true.她的梦想实现了。
【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?泸州）You should smoking．It's really bad for your health．A．put up B．give up C．get up D．set up
【考点】动词短语．
【分析】你应该放弃抽烟．它对你的健康真的有害．
【解答】答案：B．
首先明确选项中动词短语的意思，A：张贴；B：放弃；C：起床；D：成立；根据语境It's really bad for your health．推测设空处的句意是"你应该放弃抽烟．"，由此判断句子中缺少短语：放弃give up，故答案为B．
( )2.（2016?黄冈）-You aren't supposed to smoke in public．It's bad for our health．-Sorry，I will ______ my cigarette right now．
A．give up B．put down C．put out D．give away
【考点】动词短语．
【分析】-你不应该在公共场所吸烟，这对我们的健康有害．
-对不起，我马上就把我的香烟熄灭．
【解答】答案：C；give up放弃；put down放下；put out熄灭，扑灭；give away赠送；根据上句You aren't supposed to smoke in public和答语Sorry推测下句句意：我马上就把我的香烟熄灭；故选C
考点十Lin Wei loves her job, but it is a difficult one.
林薇爱她的工作，但这是一份难做的工作。
【考点精讲】
【辨析】one，that，it
◆one单独使用时，表示泛指。指同类中的另一个事物，常常代替带有不定冠词a/an的名词。
既可代替人，也可代替物，但只能代替可数名词，其复数形式为ones。若one前有定语修饰，其前可带冠词。eg：—Do you have a pen？你有一支钢笔吗？—Yes，I have one.是的，我有一支。
◆that可以代替“the＋单数名词”，用于特指。主要用于两种东西对比，其复数形式为those。常用来代替物，不能用来代替人。eg：That hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。
◆it代替上文中提到的事物本身，表示特指。即可代替单数可数名词，也可代替不可数名词。eg：I can't find my hat.I don't know where I put it.我找不到我的帽子。我不知道把它放在哪儿了。
【精题巧练】
( )1. (2017·泰安)—I'm a little hungry, Mum!
—There are some apple pies on the table；you may take________.
A. it
B. this
C. that
D. one
【考点】指示代词
【分析】-我有一点饿了，妈妈！
-在桌子上有一些苹果派，你可以吃一个．
【解答】答案：D
it代指上文出现过的同一个事物；this和that是单数指示代词，this表示这个，that表示那个；one代指上文出现过的一类事物中的一个，不限于同一个，且表示单数．空格前的some apple pies表示一些苹果派，此句表示你可以吃一个，one代指的是一些苹果派中的一个，符合语法与句意．
语法精析巧练
一、过去进行时
1. 基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的
动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外, 一般用时间状语来表示。
2. 结构 was / were ( not ) + 动词-ing
3. 句式
肯定式：
I/He/She/It was working. We/You/They/ were working.
否定式:
I/He/She/It was not working.
We/You/They/ were not working.
疑问式和简略回答:
Was I working? Yes, you were. No, you were not. Were you working? Yes, I was. No, I was not. W as he/she/it working? Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it was not. Were we/you/they working? Yes, y ou/we/they were. No, you/we/they were not. 注：
1) was not常缩略为wasn’t; were not常缩略为weren’t。
2) 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较: 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或
存在的状态, 而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。例如: David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。)
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C. Doctor and patient. 第二节：听长对话，从A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，回答问题，对话读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答第6～7小题。 5. What is Matt doing? A. He is shopping at the market. B. He is making a plan for his trip. C. He is buying the ticket at the station. 7. How will Matt go to Texas? A. By bus. B. By train. C. By plane. 听下面一段较长对话，回答第8～10小题。 8. Where did the man learn about the restaurant? A. From a friend. B. From TV C. From a magazine. g. What does the woman order? A. Fruit. B. Meat. C. Vegetables. 10. What does the man advise the woman to do? A. T o do exercise.
(完整word版)内蒙古呼和浩特市2018年中考英语试题(word版,含答案),推荐文档
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