BEC中级--写作课程电子版教材
BEC中级写作电子讲义
主讲：孙能武
欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材
第一讲BEC写作概述
本课程安排简介
写作共6次课，第1次讲概述。
BEC写作简介：
1写作目的与要求
1 Can make notes that are useful to both him/herself and to colleagues.
2 Can write most letters he/she is likely to be asked to do; such errors as occur will not prevent
understanding of the message.
3 Can write a simple report.
写作考试共进行45分钟，占总成绩的25%，小作文占10分，大作文占20分。
更多的报名信息和成绩查询方法请上网了解：https://www.360docs.net/doc/38488773.html,教育部考试中心
2测试范围与选材
1、身份介绍(Personal Identification) 申请信，求职信，个人简历
2、工作环境与日常事务(The office，general business，environment and routine) 便条、便函、报告，旨在安排会议会面，传达建议，申请许可，提出建议，陈述观点，赞成与反对，讨论问题，评估，企划……
3、接待与闲暇活动(Entertainment of clients，free time，relationships with colleagues and clients) 社交书信：接受与拒绝邀请信，感谢信
4、商务旅行(Travel) 查询、预定机票/旅馆
5、健康(Health) 人身安排和健康问题的图表和工作报告
6、购买与销售(Buying and selling) 订单与订单回函，采购、买卖合同，公司间生意往来的报价信、推销信、询价信，定交货信、达成的协议。*
7、公司结构、系统及程序(Company structures，systems，processes) 生产程序、订货和送货系统的报告
8、产品与服务(Products and services) * 产品介绍信、产品说明书、投诉信、投诉信回函的道歉信和致谢信
9、成果与成就(Results and achievements) 报告类：公司的成绩、展望、前景、总结
其外，还会涉及其他的一般商务话题（Business issues）。
3测试题型分析
题型：1．商务便条类；2．商务便函类；3．商务书信类；4. 商务报告类
注意：BEC不是单纯的英语考试，也不是考察商务知识。
对策：学习、模仿高水平的论文
例题解析：
●You work for a company which produces laser printers．You are visiting another company，
Softcell, to buy some computer software for your department．They have expressed an interest in your company‘s printers and you would like to take twenty brochures and three sample printers with you．
相关词汇：laser, inkjet, projector (Barco), photocopier (Xerox), fax machine, scanner, computer, monitor
相关词汇：company literature; brochure; leaflet; flyer; white book; data sheet; prospectus
●Write a short note to Mr. Jim Asano，the Sales Manager．
●Asking for his permission to take these items．
●Explaining why you want them．
●Mentioning the time and date when you want to collect them．
Write 40-50 words on your Answer Sheet.
便函便条类题目的结构
Input: situation description
Task: memo, note, email
content points
Write: internal message (40-50 words) 注意：格式；发挥部分要确切
评分标准
注意：content; accuracy; conciseness
【例题】
●Christmas is coming. Your company is going to hold the annual Christmas party. As the secretary
of the general manager, you help arrange the preparation for it.
●Write a memo to all employees.
●Announcing the planned party.
●Welcoming all employees to join it.
●Introducing the programs of it.
●Mention the time and place that it takes place.
●Write 40—50 words on your Answer Sheet．
商务书信类
这一题型要求考生根据所提供的短文，如书信、传真、便函、留言条(电话留言条)等，起草一封书信，字数要求达到120—140词左右。
题目结构：
Input: 1 situation description
2 task
3 target reader
Reading: texts in note, letter, fax, memo + content points (handwritten notes; second letter)
Write: business letter (120-140 words)
注意英美拼写问题
【例题】
●You have organised a production conference for your company which will be held on 10 October
2005. The following is the letter of confirmation you received from the Conference Centre.
●Read the letter and fax below, which gives details of the conference.
●Then, using all information from the fax, write your letter to John Smith at the Nuffield Conference
Centre, explaining the changes to the arrangements.
●Do not include postal addresses.
●Write 120-140 words on separate sheet.
Today your Production Manager has sent you the fax below with changes he would like to make to the conference arrangements
注意：1 不要跑题
2 适当发挥
3 目标读者
4 不要抄袭
三种对策：
a 换句型
e.g. This rule applies in every case.
There are no exceptions to the rule. (肯定句变否定句)
b 换同义词
e.g. The arguments put forward by these two authors are nearly
．．．．．． the same.
The views expressed by the two writers are almost
．．．．．． identical.
c 改词性
e.g. The English language has had a major impact on developing other world languages.
Other world languages have been greatly affected by the English language in their developments.
商务报告类
【例题】
●You recently attended a one-day course on office management. Below is the course programme,
with the comments you wrote on it.
●Write a short report about the course for your Manager. Include all your comments and say whether
your company should send other staff on this course. Write 120-140 words.
●Write on your Answer Sheet. Do not write in capital letters.
第二讲BEC写作的语言、语法、组织和文体
评分五个方面：
1 content
2 language
3 structure & vocabulary
4 organisation
展开论述上面的5个方面
1 内容的完整性
2 语言
6C原则
1．准确(correctness)
包括四层意义，即阅读人能理解、接受的英语水平；使用精确措词，传达准确信息；正确地使用语法和标点符号；拼写正确。
(1)恰当的语言风格
(2)准确的措词和信息
下面列出的是一系列极易混淆的单词及词组，请注意区分：
a lot / allot
all right / alright
cannot / can not
different from / different than
. due to / because of
effect / affect
fewer / less
lie / lay
principal / principle
that /which
their / them / they' re
wait for / wait on
who / whom
(3)正确的语法和标点符号
(4)正确的拼写
2．清楚(Clarity)
(1)逻辑布局(Logical Organization)
常用的逻辑布局方法包括：
①因果关系(Cause & Effect)
②时间顺序(Chronological Development)
③序列顺序(Sequential Development)
④比较(Comparison)
⑤一般到特殊(From General to Specific)
⑥特殊到一般(From Specific to General)
(2)合理构架句群与段落(Well-Written Sentences & Paragraphs)
例句：
修改前: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago, and it now has branch offices in four states, and it employs nearly 400 individuals.
修改后: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago. With branch offices in four states, it now employs nearly 400 individuals.
(3)统一性与一致性(Unity and Coherence)
(4)强调(Emphasis)
①位置
②重复
③数量
④技巧
(5) 将句中关系紧密的词尽量靠近。
比较下面三对句子：
A. They bought a bicycle in Beijing in a small shop which costs $ 25.00.
They bought a bicycle for $25.00 in a small shop in Beijing.
B. He was warned not to drink water even in a restaurant which had not been boiled.
He was warned not to drink water which had not been boiled.
C. Those who work rapidly get ill in these conditions.
Those who work in these conditions rapidly get ill.
(6) 避免在同一个句子中使用意义不同的同一个字。
We shall take a firm line with the firm．
We shall take a strong line with the film．
3．简洁(Conciseness)
A. We have begun to export our machine to countries abroad.
We have begun to export our machines.
B. In the event that you speak to Mr. Wood in regard to production, ask him to give consideration to the delivery schedule.
If you speak to Mr. Wood about production, ask him to consider the delivery schedule.
C .We require furniture which is of the new type.
We require new-type furniture.
(1)使用简洁的语言(Use simple language)
尽量使用避免使用
please will you be good enough to
prefer express a preference for
because for the reason that
(2) 少用陈词滥调(Omit trite expressions)
as the case may be
it has come to my attention
at an early age
avail yourself of this opportunity
previous to
crack of dawn
pursuant to your request
take the liberty to
due to the fact that
thanking you in advance
enclosed herein
this is to inform you
under separate cover
with kindest regards
I wish to state
(3)避免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复(avoid wordy expressions & unnecessary repetition)。
Wordy Concise
1. We would like to please
2. For the month of August for August
3. Pursuant to the end of this week now
4. A long period of time a long time
5. At this time now
6. Is at this time is
7. The weight was higher than the weight was greater than
8. I expected it to be expected
9. During the year of 1995 during 1995
10. For the development of for developing
11. In the city of Dallas in Dallas
12. The problem was that the car would not the car would not start
start
13. Square in shape square
14. in accordance with your request you requested
15. Sign on the front of this form sign this form
16. During the time that while
17. Consensus of opinion we agree
18. Remember the fact that remember
19, Held a meeting met
20. this is the situation at this time now
(4)删改无关紧要的成份(Remove unneeded facts)
A. It should be noted that this is the best we can do,
B. For your information we enclose a catalogue.
C. Please be advised that we have received your invoice.
1. as soon as possible by July 10
2. as you indicated in your letter a s you indicated
3. at all times always
4. at this time now
5. continue to utilize the old form until start using the new form on February
such time as the new form is available
6. despite the fact that despite
7. for the month of April for April
8. for obvious reason that because
9. I would ask that you please
I0. in conjunction with with
11. in the mere recent past recently
12. in the unlikely event that if
13. in the unlikely event that I am unable to if I am late, please delay the meeting
be on time, please delay the meeting
14. in view of the fact that because
15. it will be greatly appreciated if you please
16. our production of the new product will production will begin on July 1
commence on July 1
17. please be advised that we expect you to please review the contract
review the enclosed contract
(5)多使用主动语态的句子结构以明确表达意思。
Payment of their accounts will be made by Johnsons next week．
Johnsons will pay their accounts next week．
4．具体(Concreteness)
(1)尽可能地提供明确、具体的信息。
A. These brakes can stop a car within a short distance.
These Goodson power brakes can stop a 2-ton car within 24 feet.
B. We hope the equipment will be delivered to our company as soon as possible.
Please deliver the equipment to our company before next Friday.
C. She is a fast typist.
She types at the fast rate of 85 words per minute.
(2) 使用具体词汇
A. We have no hesitation in advising you…
We advise you…
B. The preparation of new price scale is in hand.
New price scales are being prepared this week.
C. Due to the unusual nature of the request,…
As the request is unusual,…
a great deal of time, bad, large, good, small, around, old, convenient, young, little, majority, minority, most, less
5．完整(Completeness)
自查：谁(Who)? 什么(What)? 什么时候(When)? 在哪里(Where)? 为什么(Why)? 怎么样(How)?
6．礼貌(Courtesy)
例如：
Dear Mrs. Walters,
Because you delayed so long in your response, Model GSF is off stock. If you are interested, we have some similar models on hand
Yours truly,
修改：
Dear Mrs. Walters
If I had known your needs before May 20, I could have shipped Model GSP immediately. However, the spring sale drained our stock.
The Model GSK, a similar instrument, is in stock, and you could have it at the same price as the GSF. It normally sells for $10,000 more. we will ship it as soon as you give us the word.
Yours sincerely
(1)使用礼貌友好的词汇
A. 说―Thank you" , 例如:
Thank you for your letter of yesterday.
Thank you for your prompt reply.
Thank you for helping us in this respect.
Thank you for your information.
(2)体谅对方的写作态度(You-Attitude)
Writer emphasis: We are shipping your order on Friday.
Reader emphasis: You will receive your order by Monday, October 10.
Writer emphasis: To reduce our costs, we are changing the billing system.
Reader emphasis: To provide you with clear records, we are changing our billing system.
Writer emphasis: I was pleased to hear that the project was completed.
Reader emphasis: Congratulations on successfully completing the project
Writer emphasis: We regret that you closed your account with us a week ago. We believe that people may come back to our bank again sooner or later since we have a good
credit among our customers.
Reader emphasis: A week ago you closed your account with us. Whatever the reason, we are pleased to have played some small part in your program. You are cordially invited to use
our 'other services as occasion may require.
(3) 措辞得体(Appropriate Wording)
a．避免采用消极性的词汇或句式
Negative Wording: The office is closed after four O'clock,
Positive Wording: The office is open until four O'clock.
Negative Wording: When I received your complaint, I checked our records.
Positive Wording: When I received your letter, I checked our records.
Negative Wording: Because you failed to connect the cable, the picture was blurred.
Positive Wording: The picture was blurred because the V-2 cable was not connected to the terminal.
Negative Wording: You did not read my recent letter.
Positive Wording: Please refer to my June 10th letter.
Negative Wording: The Executive Board did not receive notification.
Positive Wording: Several members of the Executive Board inquired about the time of our December meeting. Will you please send them a follow-up?
Negative Wording: Your letter was not clear.
Positive Wording: I would appreciate an outline of our marketing differences that you mentioned in your October 14th letter.
b.有失礼貌的言词
We deny your claim complaint
We do not believe confusion
We are not sure contrary
We find it difficult to understand contrivance
We expect delinquent
We insist deny
We are forced disagreeable
We take issue exasperate
You forgot failure
You neglected ignorance
You failed to impatience
You misunderstood incompetent
You must incredible
You should know inexcusable
You do not have inference
You are delinquent insincere
You insist that insinuate
You did not say insulting
Your ignoring intolerable
Your credit refusal irresponsible
Your recent complaint irritated
Your failure to lack
Your misunderstanding neglect
Your neglectful attitude objection
Your disregard for obnoxious
Your insinuation offensive
Your lack of communication unbelievable
Your delinquent account uncooperative
(4)避免使用有性别歧视之嫌的词语
A．用―person‖代替第三人称单数。
例如:
Instead of: Please share this report with your supervisor. He will find it interesting.
Say: Please share this report with your supervisor, who will find it interesting.
B．有一些常用的商务英语词汇有性别歧视之嫌，应该稍加改变。
(5) 及时答复(Timely Response)
例：We will examine your camera to determine the shutter-response problem and have it back to you within three weeks, if repairs axe needed, I will call you for approval to make the repairs.
例：Mr. Smith is out of the office until the end of the month. I am sure he will be able to provide you with all of the information you requested when he returns.
连贯和衔接
（一）连贯(coherence)
常见连接词有：
1表示罗列增加
First, second, third,
First, then / next, after that / next, finally
For one thing … for another…,
On (the) one hand…on the other hand,
Besides / what‘s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,
Especially / In particular,
2表示时间顺序
now, at present, recently,
after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,
at first, in the beginning, to begin with,
later, next, finally,
immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment
form now on, from then on,
at the same time, meanwhile,
till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during,
3表示解释说明
now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover
furthermore, in fact, actually
4表示转折关系
but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other
hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,
5表示并列关系
or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither …nor
6表示因果关系
because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that, such…that
7表示条件关系
as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless
8表示让步关系
though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever,
whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)
9表示举例
for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example
10表示比较
be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)…just like, just as,
11表示目的
for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,
12表示强调
in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly,
obviously, above all,
13表示概括归纳
in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion,
（二）衔接(cohesion)
1返指（referring back）
例：Davis opened a door. ―Here is your room. I am afraid it is a bit untidy.‖He picked a dirty handkerchief off the floor and stuffed it in a drawer.
The keeper came loping softly up the lane with the dog padding at his heels and we watched them through the hedge as they went by.
I held her very close. My cheek was against hers.
例：The women were asked to leave. Some of them refused.
The earthquake killed 24,000 people and insured 77,000.
例：A man and a woman were struggling up the dune. The man wore shorts. The woman wore a print dress.
2预指（referring forward）
有多种方法可用来指代将要提及的事务。
例如：This chapter will follow the same pattern as the previous one.
In the next chapter, we will examine this theory in detail.
The overlap can be seen in the table below.
3省略（Ellipsis）
例如：They can distinguish finer detail than we can.
例如：They would stop if they could.
I never did go to Stratford, although I probably should have.
例如：I think we want it more than they do.
例如：At last he agreed to do what I asked him to.
文体：
非正式文体
Thanks for your letter. I got it 14 Sept. I‘ve sent a copy to comp HQ along with a memo re your financial situation. I‘ve set a meeting for 3 Oct at 11am to talk about another bank loan. So, please let us know if you can make it a.s.a.p.
But we might ask you a few things to do with your inc. and exp. before giving you a loan. Also I need to get in touch with the GM to okay it. Plus, we‘ll first have to think about the last time you didn‘t keep p with payments.
Anyway, in the mean time, you need to fill in this business plan. Bring it to the meeting with you.
正式文体
Thank you for your letter received 14 September 2002. A copy has been sent to the company headquarters in addition to a memorandum concerning your financial situation. A meeting has been scheduled for 3 October 2002 at 11am to discuss your request for a further bank loan. Therefore, please inform us of your availability for this meeting at the earliest opportunity.
However, a number of issues concerning your income and expenditure may be queried prior to a loan being granted. Furthermore the General Manager needs to be contacted in order to authorise bank loans of this nature. Moreover, your previous failure to meet payment arrangements will first have to be considered.
Nevertheless, in the interim you are required to complete the enclosed business plan, which should be brought to the meeting.
e.g. I‘m keen on British history
I am particularly interested in British history.
e.g. I‘m sorry, I can‘t come.
I regret to inform you that I will be unable to attend.
关于选词，见活页。
关于文体，还应该注意：
从来不要用And引导一个句子。
不需要括号
不要缩写
不要引用
不要one-word sentence.
不要使用口语谚语、不要使用比喻
不要使用修辞性的句子。
注意自己在题目中的身份
第三讲商务便函与便条
审题：
Mr Smith, your boss, told you to ask Ms Liu to attend a sales presentation on a new product. Write a note to Ms Liu:
*saying who wants her to attend the sales presentation;
*informing her when and where the sales presentation will be held
有同学写成Mr Smith told me to ask who wants to attend
有同学写成Please write a note to Ms Liu asking her to attend a sales presentation.
一定要把题目看清楚，再下笔写。
（一）商务便函
一般公司企业往往都印有按照自己公司风格的商业便函，请看下列例子：
大企业往往拥有许多分支机构，其商务便函信笺就包含较多的内容，如：
商务便函一般由以下几个部分组成：
1、Memo：Memo是Memorandum缩写，因此也可以用Memorandum，此外还有Internal Memorandum和Interoffice Memorandum，其意思都是一样的。
2、To：这一标题后面应写收信人的姓名与职衔，姓名前可以用尊称或不用，如：
To：Mr. John Smith，Sales Manager
3、From：这一标题后应写发信人的姓名与职衔：职衔可根据需要决定写或不写，但姓名前不要用尊称。
4、Date：日期的写法同书信里日期写法的要求完全一样，不要用数字来表示月份。
5、Subject：这一标题后是写事由的，即用一个或几个词汇简单概括便函的内容，以便查阅。事由必须简洁明了，不要用完整的句子，如：
Changes in Travel Advance Form
Promotion of Staff
Vacation Schedule
Participation in Training Programmes
6、Message
商务便函还可以根据实际需要在末尾增加发信人的姓名首字母、附件、副本抄送等。
例