Unit 2 Robots
Unit 2 Robots Ⅰ. 单元教学目标
Ⅱ. 目标语言
Ⅲ. 教材分析和教材重组
1. 教材分析
本单元以机器人和科幻小说为话题，介绍了20世纪世界知名的科幻小说家Isaac Asimov写于1951的Satisfaction Guaranteed 和作者的生平。通过本单元的教学，旨在让学生了解科幻小说最大的特征在于：它赋予了“幻想”依靠科技在未来得以实现的极大可能，甚至有些“科学幻想”在多年以后，的确在科学上成为了现实。如Isaac Asimov1951年描述的机器人的部分功能已经被应用于现实生活和工作中。在教学中，要鼓励学生敢于幻想，大胆创新，发挥自己丰富的想象力和创作力，写出独具特色的科幻文章。
1.1 Warming Up介绍了什么是机器人和不同种类及不同形状的机器人。
1.2 Pre-reading 通过讨论机器人是否像人类一样有自己的思维、是否有感情引出Isaac Asimov的科幻小说Satisfaction Guaranteed，为本单元的Reading做好了铺垫。
1.3 Reading的课文是Isaac Asimov写于1951的科幻小说Satisfaction Guaranteed。文中描述的机器人Tony是一个除去面无表情外，身材高大、相貌英俊、聪明机智的完美男人，仅三周的时间就使女主人坠入爱河。
1.4 Comprehending共有3个练习，练习1是关于克莱尔的情感变化，练习2是关于课文内容的5个问答题，旨在考查学生对课文的理解；练习3要求学生比较
机器人Tony在physical, mental两方面与人的异同，与Pre-reading 部分的问题相呼应。
1.5 Learning about Language分为两部分，Discovering useful words and expressions 是本单元词汇练习题；Revising useful structures是本单元语法练习题，通过本单元的学习，要求学生熟练掌握不定式的被动语态。
1.6 Using Language分为两部分，Listening and speaking是Molly 和Kate 讨论Satisfaction Guaranteed的对话录音，要求学生根据对话内容学会运用表达自己观点的常用句型。这部分教学内容还要求学生以机器人为话题，充分发挥自己的想象力，谈论机器人做家务的利与弊。并且要求自己动手设计机器人，附上文字说明。Reading, discussing and writing部分的内容是科幻小说家Isaac Asimov的生平介绍。文章后附有练习题。第一题要求学生根据时间线索了解在作者生命中发生的重要事件；第二、三题要求学生讨论Isaac Asimov的“机器人三定律”。
2. 课型设计与课时分配
1st Period Reading
2nd Period Language points
3rd Period Learning about language
4th Period Grammar
5th Period Using language
6th Period Writing
Ⅳ. 分课时教案
Reading
Teaching goals教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
fiction, desire, satisfaction, absent, alarm, alarmed, smooth, embarrass, sympathy, elegant, pile, scan, fingernail, absurd, haircut, accompany, curtain, cushion, carpet, paint, awful，affair, firm, firmly, declare, victory, envy, marriage, test out, ring up, turn around, leave alone
b. 重点句型
She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go.
Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.
By the amused and surprised look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair.
2. Ability goals能力目标
Help students to learn about robots and science fiction.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
Enable students to realize science fiction reflects scientific thought; a fiction of things-to-come based on things-on-hand.
Teaching important points教学重点
Enable students to grasp what Tony did to help Claire and how her emotion developed during Tony’s stay at her house. Help students to sum up characteristics of science fiction.
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
How Claire’s emotion developed during Tony’s stay at her house.
Teaching methods教学方法
Discussing, explaining, reading and practicing.
Teaching aids教具准备
Multimedia computer.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step Ⅰ Warming up
Deal with Warming Up. Present photos of different kinds of robots. Then ask them to say something about his or her favorite robot.
T: Good morning / afternoon, class!
Ss: Good morning / afternoon, Mr. / Ms...
T: In this class we are going to learn about robots. Who would like to tell me what a robot is?
S1: A robot is a machine.
T: What kind of machine?
S2: A robot is a kind of machine that can do a variety of complex human tasks.
T: How can a robot perform human tasks?
S3: A robot is controlled by a computer.
T: You are right. Then we can give the definition of a robot like this: A robot is a machine designed to do jobs that are usually performed by humans. Robots are programmed and controlled by a computer. Now look at some pictures. Divide them into different types and decide your favorite one.
A list of movies about robots:
Short Circuit 2, The Iron Giant, Future world, Blade Runner, The Time Machine, Power Rangers Time Force — The End of Time (2001)
Step Ⅱ Pre-reading
Ask students to discuss the questions in Pre-reading in groups. Students are encouraged to speak out their opinions freely, no matter what it is. Encourage students to use their imagination.
Possible answers:
1. You would find the robot in the first photo in a factory. It is an industrial robot that picks up, carries and moves loads.
The second robot is a robot dog. The robot dog is a toy that would be found in people’s home.
The third robot would be used as a surveillance tool that can travel over open terrain.
It has a camera on its top at the front to feed back to the operators of the robot what lies in its path.
2. There are many types of robots: industrial robots used in manufacturing; domestic robots such as vacuum cleaners and lawn mowers; entertainment robots such as toys and those in theme parks; robots used in toxic waste cleanup and in underwater and space exploration; surgical robots; bomb disposal robots and those that can detect landmines; airborne robots used to search for people (such as in an area affected by an earthquake).
3. Students’ own answers. All answers are correct.
Step ⅢSkimming
Deal with the reading part.
Task one
Read the text quickly and complete its main idea.
The text is mainly about a robot, Tony, who not only helped Claire do __________, but also helped her create a new ________.
Task two
Finish the table
Step IV. Detailed reading
Task one
Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.
Task two
Ask students to read the text carefully and then complete the table on Page 12.
Task three
True or false
1. We can infer that when Claire first saw Tony, she felt alarmed by his cleverness.
2. Claire bought the items from the shop because Tony wanted herself and the
house changed.
3. Tony opened the curtains to let other women see everything and envy Claire.
4. As a result, the experiment shows Claire and Tony fell in love with each other. Task four
Read the story again, answer the following questions in groups.
1. Why did Tony open the curtains?
He wanted Claire’s guests to see him and Claire together so that she would be envied by the women guests.
2. What did Tony do to prevent Claire from being harmed?
Tony prevented Claire from being harmed by making her feel good about herself. He helped her make her and her home elegant so that she would not feel like a failure. 3. Why did Tony have to be rebuilt?
Tony had to be rebuilt because the company felt that they could not have women falling in love with a robot.
4. How would you feel if you had a robot like Tony in your house?
5. Claire spent three weeks with Tony in her house. What sentences in the story show that she kept forgetting and then remembering that he was a machine?
How absurd, she thought.
He was just a machine.
He held her firmly in his arms and she felt the warmth of his body.
She screamed, pushed him away and ran to her room for the rest of the day.
Then she remembered-Tony was just a machine.
She shouted “Leave me alone” and ran to her bed.
Step V. Post reading
I. In groups, list Tony’s characteristics that were similar to and those that were
different from those of a human being.
II. Choose the best answer.
1. Why did Claire buy the items from the shops?
A. Because her husband was to return.
B. Because Tony was to leave.
C. Because Tony wanted to transform the house.
D. Because she thought she needed them
2. What do we know from the text?
A.Tony was a typical machine.
B. Claire was envied by her guests in the end.
C. Tony was a gift from Claire’s husband.
D. Claire’s husband was not satisfied with Tony’s report.
Step VI. Discussion
Can you make up an end for the story?
Step VII. Homework
1. Remember the characteristics of science fiction.
2. Surf the internet to learn more about robots and science fiction.
3. Surf the internet to learn about Isaac Asimov.
Language points
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
guarantee, test out , smooth, embarrass, embarrassed, embarrassing, favour promise, a pile of, or rather , accompany, accompany sb. to a place, in the company of sb. , turn around , after all
b. 重、难点句型
1. Claire di dn’t want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed.
2. Tony told her and suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
3. She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didn’t want to leave
her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.
Teaching methods教学方法
Explaining and practicing.
Teaching aids教具准备
Multi-media computer.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Language points
1.Satisfaction guaranteed 包君满意
guarantee vt.保证，担保
此处为过去分词作定语，与被修饰的名词构成被动关系。
e.g. The products of that factory are all quality guaranteed.
2. It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife, Claire.
test out sth. = put sth. to the test
对新试做的物品或新产生的理论进行“试用”或“检验考验”，检验其试用的程度或有效性，以便加以改进。
e.g. The new medicine is going to be tested out.
3. He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice …
他的头发又黑又滑, 声音低沉浑厚, ……
smooth adj. 平坦的，平滑的，顺利的
e.g. She has a smooth temper.
The course of true love never did run smooth.
4. She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go. 她感到有点儿不好意思，赶紧叫他离开。
embarrass vt.使困窘，使局促不安
embarrassed adj.尴尬的，害羞的
embarrassing adj.使人尴尬/ 难堪的
[考点1] favour 喜爱，恩惠
[考例] When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ______ younger men. (湖北2011)
A. in terms of
B. in need of
C. in favor of
D. in praise of
[点拨] 选C。句意为：当被问及对校长的看法时，很多老师说希望校长能让位给年轻人。in terms of就……而言; in need of需要……；in praise of 赞扬……。[搭配]
do sb. a favour / do a favour for sb.
帮某人一个忙
ask sb. a favour / ask a favour of sb.
求某人帮一个忙
in favour of ...
有利于，支持，赞同，被……所取代
[考点2]
promise在此意为“答应，许诺”，它还可意为“预示，有……希望”。
[考例] The new movie ______ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time. （辽宁2010）
A.promises
B. agrees
C. pretends
D. declines
[点拨] 选A。句意为：这部新电影有望成为电影史上票房最高的影片之一。6. So Claire borrowed a pile of books from the library for him to read, or rather, scan.
(1) pile 堆 a pile of = piles of = a lot of 堆积如山的
e.g. I have a pile of homework to do this evening. 今晚我有一大堆作业要做。
(2) or rather 或者说，准确地说
e.g. What I want is the truth, or rather, a series of truth.
我需要的是事实, 准确地说是一系列事实。
He worked till late last night, or rather, early this morning.
他工作到深夜, 或者更确切地说是今天凌晨。
7. As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops,
因为克莱尔不让托尼陪她去商店。
accompany vt.陪伴，陪同，同时存在或发生，为……伴奏
相关短语
accompany sb. to a place
陪伴某人去
accompany sth. with / by sth.
与某事物同时存在或发生
keep sb. company
陪伴某人/ 和某人做伴
in the company of sb.
在某人陪同下
e.g. Thunders accompanied by heavy rain in this season are very common.
这个季节，雷鸣常常伴有大雨。
8. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.
当她转过身去时, 格拉雷斯·克拉芬站在那里。
(1) turn around = turn round 转过身，翻转；使好转，扭转
由动词turn 构成的常见短语：
turn in 归还；上交
turn up 出现；开大
turn on 打开
turn off 关掉
turn out 结果是
turn down 关小；拒绝
(2) there stood ... 此句为存在结构, 常用于这种结构的动词有stand, seem to be, happen to be, likely to be, live, come, exist, lie等。
e.g. There happened to be nobody in the room.
There lives an old man in the village.
9. By the amused and surprised look on her face, Chaire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair. After all, she knew Claire’s husband’s name was Larry, not Tony.
从她脸上惊奇的表情判断, 克莱尔知道拉迪斯认为她有外遇, 毕竟她知道她丈夫的名字是拉里, 而不是托尼。
(1) affair n.事物；事情；暖昧关系
e.g. Don’t mind one’s own affairs/business.
别管闲事！
It’s not my affair.
这不关我的事。
(2) after all毕竟, 终究
[考例] Why are you so anxious? It isn’t your problem ______. (浙江2008)
A. on purpose
B. in all
C. on time
D. after all
[点拨] 选D。句意为：你为什么如此着急？毕竟不是你的问题。after all作“毕竟”讲，符合句意。其余三项：on purpose故意地，in all总共，总的来说，on time 准时，都不符合语境。
10. … you cannot have women falling in love with machines.
你不能让妇女爱上机器吧。
常用的可以用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有两类：
1) 表示感觉的动词, 如see, hear, watch, find, feel, smell, notice, listen to等。
e.g. The coach watched his team playing.
2) 部分使役动词, 如have, keep, get, catch, leave, set等。
e.g. Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?
He kept the car waiting at the gate.
Step II Difficult sentences
1. Claire didn’t want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed.
[点拨] 该句是一个由____ 连接的并列句。第一个分句包含一个___ 引导的原因状语从句, 说明克莱尔不愿让机器人留在家里的原因; but 之后的句子的主干为____________________。
persuade后面是双宾语，her充当间接宾语，that引导的宾语从句充当直接宾语。还要注意在该宾语从句中的not ... or ... 的意思是“既不……也不……”。persuade sb. to do sth. = persuade sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事
persuade若用于过去式，是指劝说成功, 若劝说不成功，就不应用persuaded，而应用tried to persuade或advised.
2. Tony told her and suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
[点拨] 该句是一个由______________ 连接的并列句。第二个分句包含一个____引导的宾语从句。还要注意的是suggest 意为“建议”，后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“__________________”。
3. She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didn’t want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.
[点拨] 该句的主句包含两个并列的谓语即________和______。declare后接______that 引导的宾语从句, 其中______宾语从句中的that 可以省略。more than
(1)后面跟名词, 意为“______________”。
e.g. Kate was more than a teacher. She also did what she could to take care of her pupils. 凯特不仅仅是位教师, 她还尽其所能照顾她的学生。
Modern science is more than a large amount of information.
现代科学不仅仅是大量的信息。
My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing.
我去北京不仅仅是观光。
Step III Homework
Review the language points and try to make sentences with them.
Learning about Language
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
satisfaction, to one’s satisfaction, satisfy, test out, have / feel sympathy for sb. / sth. , go away, let alone , desire, desire for sth. , desire (sb.) to do sth. , desire +that+主语+(should) +动词原形, digital, ring up, scan, absurd, declare sth. , declare sb./sth. (to be) ... , declare war on/against … , declare that …
Teaching methods教学方法
Explaining and practicing.
Teaching aids教具准备
Multi-media computer.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Learning the words and expression
1. Bill felt great pleasure when he tried his new fax machine and it worked.
Bill felt great satisfaction when he tested out his new fax machine and it worked. satisfaction n.满足，满意，舒服
1. Both sides expressed satisfaction with the progress so far.
双方对目前的进展都表示满意。
2. I noticed with great satisfaction that you made great progress.
我很满意地看到你取得了很大的进步。
to one’s satisfaction到……满意的程度; 让……满意的是
1. It is hard to see how the issue can be resolved to everyone’s satisfaction.
2. She never could seem to do anything right or to his satisfaction.
satisfy vt. & vi.使满意，满足
1. Her father tried his best to satisfy her demands.
她的父亲想尽一切办法来满足她的要求。
2. She is too poor to satisfy her family’s material needs.
她太穷了，无法满足家人的物质需要。
2. He felt pity for Claire because she was overweight and needed to lose about five kilos to look slim.
He felt sympathy for Claire because she was overweight and needed to lose about five kilos to look slim.
have / feel sympathy for sb. / sth. 对某人/某物表示同情
e.g. I feel sympathy for him for not passing his final.
我对他不能通过期终考试感到同情。
3. Even though Jane told him many times to go away, her brother still accompanied her to the doctor.
Even though Jane told him many times to leave her alone, brother still accompanied her to the doctor.
leave alone不管；不打扰；让……一个人待着
1. Go away and ______________!
走开，别打扰我！
2. I’ve told you before — ____________________!
我告诉过你—别碰我的东西！
4. Her greatest wish was to look as elegant as Gladys Claffern.
Her greatest desire was to look as elegant as Gladys Claffern.
have no desire for sth. 对……没有欲望
have a strong desire to do sth. 迫切想做某事
satisfy one’s desires 满足某人的欲望/愿望
desire for sth. 渴望得到……
desire (sb.) to do sth. 迫切希望(某人)做某事
desire +that+主语+(should) +动词原形
(1) They _________________ to learn a second language.
他们不想学另一种语言。
(2) I ____________ to a famous university.
我很想上一所名牌大学。
(3) Most people ____________ a lot of knowledge.
大多数人渴求更多的知识。
5. Please call me before you buy a new digital camera so I can go with you. Please ring me up before you buy a new digital camera so I can go with you. ring…up 给……打电话
1. Did a girl called GaoHong ring up for me this morning?
今早有个叫高红的女孩给我打电话了吗？
If something should happen to her, please ring me up at once.
万一她有什么事，请立刻打电话给我。
6. She looked at the computer screen carefully hoping to find some new emails in her mailbox.
She scanned the computer screen carefully hoping to find some new emails in her mailbox.
scan vt. 扫描；浏览；审视；细看
1.Could you teach me how to scan an image?
你可以教我如何扫描一个影像吗?
2. I scanned the newspaper when I was waiting for the bus.
7. It was ridiculous that his own mother would not talk to him about the affair.
It was absurd that his own mother would not talk to him about the affair.
absurd adj. 荒谬的；可笑的
1. He blush to admit that he have made a absurd mistake.
他惭愧地承认自己犯了个可笑的错误。
2. That fat woman looked absurd in her tight golden dress.
那位胖妇人穿着金色的紧身礼服，显得
滑稽可笑。
8. He felt happy when his boss stated that he could set aside some time for exercise. He felt happy when his boss declared that he could set aside some time for exercise.
declare sth. 宣布某事
declare sb./sth. (to be) ... 宣布某人/某物……
declare for/against … 表示赞成/不赞成……
declare war on/against … 对……宣战
declare that … 宣布……
(1) I _________ this exhibition ______.
我宣布展览会开幕。
(2) The doctor _____________ the man was dead.
医生宣布该男子死亡。
(3) Police have now _________________ drug dealers in the area.
警方已经对这个地区的毒贩宣战了。
(4) Paredes decided to ____________ f ederation.
帕雷德斯决定声明支持联邦政府。
Step II Finish the exercise 2 on page 13.
(News, 16/04/2321) Historical research shows that in the 22nd century many people told stories about how, at one time, people could buy robots as house decorators. The robots would ______ the literature for the latest ideas in home decoration. Often the robots would ________ designs that were grander than their owners wanted. Brightly coloured ________ and _________ would be suggested together with brightly patterned walls and carpets. Some of the ______ in the shops thought that the designs were ______. While some owners were firm with their robot’s suggestions, others would ____________ and walk out of the shop, feeling embarrassed.
A few other robots would even get into physical fights with their owners in public and their electrical systems som etimes would set off the shops’ _______. After a while the government decided such behaviour was not appropriate and passed a law _________ robots should not leave the house. So robots became household cleaners or industrial workers instead!
Step III Homework
1.Review the words and phrases.
2.Finish exercise 3 on Page 1
3.
Grammar
1. Revise the Passive V oice (including the Infinitive)
2. Ability goals能力目标
Enable students to use both the useful words and expressions and structures freely. 3. Learning ability goals学能目标
By doing related exercises in the textbook enable students to use both the useful words and expressions and structures freely.
Teaching important and difficult points教学重难点
The use of the passive infinitive.
Teaching methods教学方法
Explaining and practicing.
Teaching aids教具准备
Multi-media computer.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step Ⅰ Revision
不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语态和被动语态，
Step ⅡDetailed explanation
当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用_____ 语态；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者时用_____语态。进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态。
不定式的被动形式有下列用法:
(1) 作主语
It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here. it 作形式主语。
(2) 作宾语
She asked to be sent to work in Hong Kong.
(3) 构成复合宾语(宾补)
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.
(4) 构成复合谓语
The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.
(5) 作定语
Are you going to the meeting to be held next week?
(6) 作状语
She was too young to be assigned such work.
不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等。
It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.
She preferred to have been given heavier work to do.
He thought it is an honour to have been invited to the party.
The book is said to have been translated into many languages. (complex predicate) She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post.
不定式的主动形式表被动
1. 在there be 结构中。
There is a lot of homework to do.
There is no time to lose.
2. 在“… be + adj+ to do”结构中。常用的形容词有easy, difficult, hard, impossible, nice, pleasant, light, heavy, interesting, important, expensive,
cheap, fit, dangerous等。
He is hard to convince.
He is impossible to work with.
3. 在“too … to …; enough … to …”结构中。
The problem is too difficult to work out.
The house is big enough to live in.
4. 在“with + n.+ to do”结构中。
With nothing to do, he lay in bed.
With so many exercises to do, I can’t go to the cinema.
5. 当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。
I have a letter to type today.