ACT写作直取高分的秘籍

ACT写作直取高分的秘籍
ACT写作直取高分的秘籍

ACT写作直取高分的秘籍

新东方在线郭洁ACT写作想拿高分,新东方在线郭洁老师为大家提供了5个必写内容,直取高分的秘籍。

1. 正文中3个perspective 必须出现,至少各提及一次

对于三个论点,一定先仔细审题,如果我们来分解一下这个过程的话,就会发现,针对一个perspective的审题环节包含这样几个过程:

1) 阅读文字;

2) 理解文字;

3)在文中出现的时候,采用改写/引用/总结:paraphrase/quotation/summary;

阅读的本质不是翻译,而是理解;而理解的最终标志就是能够用自己的话简洁明了的复述和概述信息,即paraphrase and summary。

其次是理清彼此的关系,对主题是支持是反对还是中立。郭洁老师分析一般会有以下几种可能:

那么接下来的问题是我们按照什么样的顺序把三个观点嵌入自己的文章中。结构以四段式或五段式结构为主,如果是四段式(开头-正文1-正文2-结尾)结构,把相似的两

个观点放在正文的第一段一起写,另一点放在正文的第二段最后(可参考官方最早公布的四段式范文intelligent machines)。

如果是五段式(开头-正文1-正文2-正文3-结论)结构三点之间的逻辑可以按照由不同意到同意(先让步),时间先后,范围大小,层次由低到高,领域不同进行衔接(可参考官方最早公布的五段式范文intelligent machines)。

2. 陈述你的观点和perspective的观点的联系

看明白三个观点之后,需要辩证的分析这三个观点本身。重点在于不但要有自己的立场,而且要对所有perspective的观点全部进行评价。

这种评价需要和立场联系起来:全部或者部分和立场相同的perspective, 我们论证其合理性;全部或者部分和立场不同的perspective, 可以成为counterargument。

这在一定程度上束缚了临场发挥的自由,但是也扩展了我们的思路,我们只要做到自圆其说就行了。

3.至少一个段落讨论范畴大于perspective(针对自己的同意的perspective)

这一点相对来说比较难,需要考虑到话题的内涵和复杂性,体现思考的深度。

至少有一个根据自己观点深入分析或论证。

比如说官方给出的6分范文,在写到机器让人丧失人性的观点的时候,一共深入展开了三个说理的层次:

第一层——-人性丧失“we begin to lose our humanity”;

第二层——-从个人过渡到社会层面“This new mindset and way of evaluating people, though seemingly harmless in the workplace, is devastating when it begins to pervade a society.”;

第三层——-这样的理念会让genocide(种族灭绝屠杀)找到理论依据“This would warrant genocide against the elderly and the disabled because their burden on society would not be made up for by any production.”

4. 全文至少有一个驳论(针对自己不同意的perspective)

郭洁老师提醒到这一点要求我们不仅陈述自己立场的理由,还需要回应反方立场的反驳。一定要注意要站在同一个层次进行反驳,不能出现“虽然农村空气很清新,但是城市生活更便利”这种不在同一个层次的反驳(一个站在环境角度,一个站在便利性角度)。

以“Intelligent machines”题目为例,我们同意观点1“What we lose with the replacement of people by machines is some part of our own humanity.”

此时观点1的对立面——-观点2:Machines are good at low-skills, repetitive jobs, and at high-speed, extremely precise jobs. In both cases, they work better than humans. This efficiency leads to a more prosperous and progressive world for everyone.

我们既可以反驳“intelligent machines work better than humans”这个比较逻辑:机器和人不能进行同质化的比较。对于机器效率和功能上的痴迷,会让人们把人类和机器进行同质化的比较,把人也当作一种具有特定功能的机器,而一旦人类丧失了那些特定功能,将会被认为不再具有价值。也可以反驳后面: 机器非但不会让世界繁荣,反而会导致就业市场的萧条。

5.全文至少有一个具体的例子/若干个微例子

在官方最开始放出来的范文第二段中用了一个cotton gin(轧棉机)的实例,来源真实(来自美国历史),细节丰富(时间:in the 18th century& in the mid-19th century; 地点:in the Southern United States;人物:Eli Whitney, an American entrepreneur;事件:invented the cotton gin;结果:replaced the need of a large work force;数据:increasing by more than 10 times),且一例两用,同时支持perspective two和perspective three。

在官方后来放出来的范文第三段中则使用到了多个微例子构成排比结构,“People have been interacting with automation in nearly every aspect of their lives, whether it be shopping, banking, or the use of a telephone.”

而这三个微例子的并列也恰恰是在sample prompt部分有所提示的:“Robots build cars and other goods on assembly lines, where once there were human workers. Many of our phone conversations are now conducted not with people but with sophisticated technologies. We can now buy goods at a variety of stores without

the help of a human cashier.”因此,我们也可以巧妙利用题目中已给的例子嵌入自己的文章中。

最后祝大家在ACT考试中取得理想的成绩!更多内容请关注新东方在线官网!

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