雅思写作经验分享~~从6分到7.5分的漫漫长路_(3.19更新：7分作文+推介书目+自我鼓励的说话)
前言
?出于对剑桥雅思的爱恨交加，出于对那些需要完成留学梦移民梦的人的感同身受，出于对那些在烤鸭路上屡战屡败屡败屡战的人的精神支持，出于对那些仍在迷茫、仍在盲目背单词、仍在疯狂买参考书、仍在迷恋机经的人的劝勉与鼓励，出于对网络上面所谓出售雅思写作7分资料的虚假广告的无比痛恨，出于对某些所谓名师名校培训机构的不齿不屑，出于那些迷恋习惯背诵范文依赖别人的鸭子们的真诚忠告，出于对那些急需在7月1日之前考到雅思4个7（澳洲会计毕业生，你懂的）的人的理解和帮助，出于上天对我的眷顾和怜悯，出于·········出于因为我曾经也是这么一种人，也是有这么一种经历，我决定，无偿地，毫无保留地，完整地分享我在过去三月自己总结的雅思复习计划和资料（本人曾经的弱项是写作和口语（对，是曾经，哈哈！），所以，我的资料绝大多数都是写作和口语）~~~
?争取写一篇最全最好的雅思写作经验分享，和更多的鸭友们远离全聚德烤鸭店的火海！
从4年前为了完成踏进悉尼大学的留学梦，到现在努力实现的澳大利亚梦，雅思成为了一个绕不开的情意结。其中走了特别多的弯路，摔了特别多的跤，失去了很多，也收获了很多。从当初的总分6.5而单科不低于6分的大学门槛到现在的A类4个7的独木桥，对于这个来自英国的―老熟人‖，可谓百般滋味在心头。雅思的备考也是一种―被烤‖，在烤鸭过程中，一不小心，有可能首先被这只鸭给烤焦了。焦虑，迷茫，急躁，失落，绝望，期待，紧张，亢奋，XX失调等所有更年期综合症状都会在备考的过程中轮番上映。
从2010年12月到2011年2月底，我一共参加了4次雅思考试(12月11日，1月22日，2月12日和2月26日)，成绩为：
12月11日：听力：7.0，阅读：6.5，写作：6.0，口语：6.0
01月22日：听力：6.5，阅读：7.0，写作：6.0，口语：7.0
02月12日：听力：7.0，阅读：7.5，写作：6.5，口语：8.5
02月26日：听力：7.0，阅读：7.5，写作：7.5，口语：7.0
03月05日：听力：7.0，阅读：7.5，写作：7.0，口语：8.0
可以说，在过去的三个月里面，我感受过裸考过后无言以对的惶恐，体味过努力过后略有进步的喜悦，忍受着就差0.5、与目标无比接近却未能接近的失落，最后，苦尽甘来。因为这次考试，至少再一次让我确信‖天道酬勤―。NO SWEAT, NO SWEET; NO PAIN, NO GAIN。
如果说高考是一条独木桥，那么雅思就是一个无底洞。为了填上这个洞，能用上的方法都用上了，比如说连续报5次雅思考试，下载最新的机经，把慎小嶷《十天》系列书全买了，大包围准备所有的口语和写作topic，上培训班，找老外批改作文，去卧龙岗考试（在国内的话，我会选择贵阳，海口等考点），喝红牛穿红内裤，等等，甚至连吃奶的力都用上了，此处略去一万字。
雅思其实一场持久战，更是一场心理战。在征服雅思的过程中，我们眼前最最最大的敌人不是雅思本身，而是我们自己。无论在复习过程中感到怎样的痛苦，还是在考试过程中经历了什么样的折磨，还是在知道成绩后受到何种的打击，我们都必须自我鼓励，必须乐观向上。
只要站起来的次数比跌倒的多，就是成功
不淡定便蛋疼，淡定的心态是王道
?对于目标分数为5~5.5分的朋友，你们是最幸福的，因为你们有最多的资本去犯错，最多的机会去折腾考官，有最大的可能一次通过。雅思对于你们来说是一次游戏。
?对于目标分数为6~6.5分的朋友，你们应该窃喜，因为你们比5分的朋友有更多的自我优越性，又不需要承担那些只属于7分朋友的精神压力。想想，只需要6~6.5分，你就能踏进一所比国内任何一所大学都要牛的海外名牌大学，这是一种多么美好的憧憬和动力。
?对于目标分数为7分，特别是要考到4个7的朋友，你们应该感到荣幸，因为你们终于能够找到机会去为自己正名。这是一场人生竞赛的缩影。它是一个门槛，同样也是一个里程碑。冲过去了，雅思就变成了一种精神；跌下来了，雅思也不外乎是一朵浮云。
?对于目标分数为8分，特别是要考到4个8的朋友（2011年7月1日之后毕业想申请PR 的澳洲会计毕业生），或许你会埋怨命运总在跟你开玩笑，或许你会选择放弃选择离开，但我想说的是，这同样是一场游戏，只不过跟你玩耍的对象变成了命运。不要泄气，经过这一役，能够战胜命运的人以后终究会成为强者。
?对于目标分数为9分的朋友，我突然想到一个问题，从新中国成立到现在，能够当上国家主席的人一共有7个，但是从新中国成立至今，雅思能考满分的不多于5人。这就意味着你们正在为一个比当上中华人民共和国国家主席还要难的目标发起冲击，并且将要感受一份比那7个老头还有伟大的荣誉感~~哈哈，想着就觉得美了
?对于一战未能成功的朋友，你要相信下一次就是罗曼蒂登陆，胜利在望了
?对于二战未能成功的朋友，证明雅思需要你三顾茅庐的诚意
?对于三战未能成功的朋友，想想当年的红军也是靠四渡赤水才能从土匪变成解放军的
?对于四战未能成功的朋友，你下一次的考试必将风调雨顺，五谷丰登
?对于五战未能成功的朋友，想想当年诸葛亮为了完成辅汉兴刘的大业也是六出祁连山
?对于六战未能成功的朋友，继续想想当年诸葛亮七擒孟获，才能收复人心，看来还是诸葛亮比较讲义气，为我们鸭友团提供了那么多励志的故事
?对于七战未能成功的朋友，你应该高兴，因为下一次就是八仙过海，为你各显神通了
?对于八战未能成功的朋友，你下一次的考试必定有九牛二虎之力
?对于九战未能成功的朋友，恭喜你，你成功了，你成功地颠覆了雅思考试制度，相信那些英国人也不想再折腾你了，因为你的下一站是十全十美~~
上面说了那么多题外话，只是想和大家分享一下在征服雅思过程中的一一些心理感受。好吧，其实无论做什么事情，永远都是痛并快乐着。
写作分享篇
17个不能回避的雅思写作问题
经过三个月的复习总结和4次的实战，我总结了17个关于雅思写作不能回避的核心问题。这17问题一直贯穿在我整个复习的过程。相信只要弄明白这17个问题，我觉得我们离写作7分就无比接近了。对于那些即将参加3月19日，4月2日，4月16日，5月7日等鸭友团来说，我觉得要搞懂问题1，2，6，7，8，13这6个问题最为迫切。如果能做好的话，分数一定能提高的。
1考官是怎么改卷子的？标准是怎样的？
2雅思写作7分是什么样的概念？
3雅思写作6分与7分或者6.5分与7分的距离有多远？
4怎么制定雅思写作复习计划？
5考试前需要写多少篇的大作文和小作文？
6写作模版管用吗？
7雅思写作需要背多少个词汇？
8雅思写作需要什么样的句型？
9雅思写作需要多复杂的从句和语法？
10我们对雅思写作的误区
11鸭友们通常会犯哪些语法错误，能有效避免吗？什么样的语法错误是致命的？
12雅思写作能速成吗？平时需要多看英文报纸吗？
13小作文重要吗？容易写吗？应该怎么复习
14怎么安排大作文和小作文的写作顺序和时间
15要买参考书吗？什么样的参考书？
16参加培训班管用吗？
17网络上面所谓的―名师‖雅思写作预测有用吗？
推荐书目
在准备雅思的过程当中，或许很多人都会像我曾经那样不惜一切代价地去买所谓的名师参考书，因为我们都会自觉不自觉地自我游说：1450块的考试报名费都交得起了，还介意那几十块钱的参考书费吗。其实，有时候想想，我们买的书越多，证明我们越不自信；而且参考书一多，复习计划就会更乱。所以，到目前为止，我只觉得以下几本书稍微有点价值
1. 慎小嶷《十天突破雅思写作》
?优点：比较系统地总结了雅思写作的方方面面，而且我最欣赏它的地方是让烤鸭的必备词汇量降到最低。
?缺点：想想当全中国80%以上的烤鸭都人手一本的时候，它就不再是烤鸭战场上的大规模杀伤性武器了。
2. 慎小嶷《十天突破写作完整真题库》
?优点：比较系统地收集和归类不同类型的雅思题目，我最欣赏它的地方是它能让考生觉得―原来9分作文都是不外如是‖，而且我们能很好地找出差距。
?缺点：看了这本书，你会很容易地掉进那个―大包围‖的题海战术，你会有意无意地想把所有topics 都写了，你会有意无意地背诵别人的观点和9分范文。这样的复习方法是致命的。
3. 吴建业《最新雅思考试胜策》之写作
?优点：有很多很好的例句和观点，能让考生从例句中掌握单词，熟悉观点
?缺点：观点太多，没有针对性，而且topics 很少，因为这边书是2003年的产物。它已经远远落后雅思写作题库的更新速度
4. 吴建业《最新雅思考试胜策》之词汇
?优点：对于渴望背单词的朋友，这本书足够你背了，而且那些词都是按照topics来划分的，所以比其他垃圾词汇书又进了一步。
?缺点：我从来反对盲目背单词，更加反对那些为了使用某个单词而要自己的观点妥协的做法。单词是一把双刃剑，它既是武器，又是负担。
注意：以上仅仅属于本人观点和切身感受，也并非为某作者卖广告。我觉得吧，除了上述这四本书，其他的话，可以放到微波炉里面烤一下，看看有没有烤鸭的味道~~~嘻嘻
TASK 1 小作文
曾经一直忽视小作文，甚至认为雅思写作约等于是写一篇250字的大作文。轻视它的原因可以归结为，字数少(只要150字)，不需要个人观点(纯粹描述客观figures)，有固定的单词和句型，分数只占总分的1/3···直到后来与考官见面的时候，我才意识到小作文的杀伤力。This is especially true when it comes to those who only got band 6.5 but indeed demand band 7.0。有时候，6.5分到7分的距离，小作文起了决定性的作用。
按照剑桥雅思的分类，小作文可为：柱状图(bar chart)，饼图(pie chart)，曲线图(line graph)，表格(table)，地图(map)和流程图(processing chart)。当然，这只是按照这些图表的属性和特征来归类。为什么我要费那么多笔墨在这个人所共知的问题上面呢？经过我1个月的练习和研究，我发现，如果按照这样的归类，我们得总结出6套相对应的模版(句型和词汇)。其实这样是吃力不讨好，事倍功半的，因为这样的归类方法严重地影响了我们的复习方案和练习计划，而且并没有很好地反应出task 1的本质要求。
我的个人认为，应该把柱状图，饼图，曲线图和表格看作一个总体，然后区分出是纵向比较还是横向比较（下面会继续解释它们的区别和应对方案）；然后地图题是一类，流程图是另外一类。也就是说按照本人的经验，task1 小作文按照图表的本质应该分为：横向比较，纵向比较，地图题和流程图。
Part 1 纵向比较和横向比较
由于雅思写作task 1中，柱状图，饼图，曲线图和表格占了绝大多数，所以这个板块应该作为复习的重点。每当我们拿到题目的时候，我们第一件事应该做什么？对，看图表（果然是一句废话）！！其实我的意思是，我们得首先观察它们究竟是：不同物体在同一时间点的比较（即横向比较），还是单一物体在不同时间点的比较（即纵向比较）。这一点非常非常非常非常非常重要！！！因为不同的比较，有着不同的内在比较关系。详细分析如下
横向比较：由于没有时间的变动，因此不存在物体或数据的波动，也就是说，那些描述变化趋势、描述变化特征的词汇和句型完全不适用。此时此刻，我们要focus的是
?首先我们要找出极值（最大值和最小值）
?然后客观地、略有筛选地描述剩余数据（若数据太多，则有所侧重；若数据不多，则全部描述）
?接着就是高潮了--找出不同数据之间的共同特征和大小比较（比如说，谁和谁一样大/小，谁是谁的几分之几，谁是谁的多少倍）
?高潮过后，就需要有一个意犹未尽但有心无力的总结
纵向比较：顾名思义，就是由于时间的推移，不同物体和数据之间发生了量的变化，也就是说，这时候关于描述变化趋势和变化特征的词汇和句型就用得上了。此时此刻，我们要concentrate的是
?首先客观描述变化的大体趋势（是升高了还是降低了，是多了还是少了）
?然后描述变化的具体特征（是怎样增加的，是怎样减少的，幅度如何，速率如何）?接着找出变化趋势相似的不同物体，然后客观描述一下，以减少单词和词汇的重复使用，避免啰嗦
?同样，这里也需要一个纵横全局的归纳和总结
说了那么多，估计你们也看烦看腻了。毕竟很多人都想着一蹴而就，想着尽可能多背单词多抄句型。好吧，闲话不多说，上货！请大家验明正身！！
程度副词
多于：More than, just over, over
少于：Less than, just under
几乎：Approximately, almost, nearly
完全：Exactly, precisely
表示列举data/information句型
1.Overall, A has the largest number of名词(NO1) and B the smallest (NO2). C and D both have NO3; E has NO4.
Overall, Sweden has the largest number of enrolled students (17) and Syria the smallest(5). France and Spain both have 12 students; Germany has 11. It is noticeable that France and Germany have similar profiles.
2.A has the most+名词+doing (NO1); B is next with NO2, while C has NO
3. D and E have (相同) NO4 each
Sweden has the most students studying CAD (9); Spain is next with 7, while France has 6. Germany and Syria have 4 CAD students each.
3.According to the pie chart, A, which is %, is the most···among the total···, then next is B with %, followed by C, making up %; and finally come E, F and G at %, %, % respectively.
According to the pie chart, chicken, which is 40%, is the most popular among the total meat sold, then next is pork with 20%, followed by beef, making up 18%; and finally come lamb, fish and other at 15%, 5% and 2% respectively.
纵向比较
1.Experience/witness/see/enjoy+修饰词(最高级)+增加/减少/震荡
Experience/enjoy + a significant/the most dramatic + decrease/increase
增加: increase, growth, rise 减少: decrease, drop
快速: dramatic, drastic 缓慢: gradual, steady, slow
大幅: significant, substantial 小幅: moderate, slight
震荡: considerable/marked/sharp/minor fluctuation
2.The number of··· was No1 in Yr and rose/reduced by % to No2
The number of miles that car traveled was 3199 in 1985 and rose by 50% to 4806 in the subsequent years.
增加/上升: increase, rise, grow 急促上升: jump, soar to, surge to
减少/下降: decrease, drop, decline 急促下降: plummet to, plunge to
3.主语+上升/减少to···or 主语+上升/减少by
4.The percentage/proportion/number of is修饰词larger/ smaller than that of 修饰词明显: substantially, obviously轻微: slightly, moderately
5.A修饰词increase/decrease occurred
修饰词大幅: considerable, significant, substantial 小幅: moderate, slight
6.表示不变的状态：主语remain constant/unchanged/stable/steady at
表示趋势的句型
1.there is a downward/ upward/ opposite/ general/ dominant trend
下降的/上升的/相反的/总体的/主要的趋势
2.···tend to be more/less preferred 倾向越来越受(不)受欢迎
As can be seen from the table, walk and certain short-distance transportation, such as cycled and local bus tend to be less preferred.
3.There is a considerable increase/decrease in···
There is a considerable increase in total miles by all modes of transportation, compared with the data (4,740 miles) in 1985.
表示比较增长或减少趋势
B also rose/increased/grew during this period, but less sharply
decreased/declined/dropped
The sales of games software also rose during this period, but less sharply.Sales
increased from about 13 billion dollars in 2000 to just under 20 billion dollars three years later.
表示相同相似变化趋势的句式
A similar situation was seen in the···, where
A similar situation was seen in the wholesale and retail trade sector, where the number of women rose from about 550 000 in 1975 to almost 800 000 two decades later. There are some similarities between A and B
Be similar to/ A has something in common with B
表示变化特征的词汇
表示超过的词语
Outnumber比···多，在数量上超过
In this profession, women outnumber men by two to one.
= there are twice as many women as men 在这个行业，女性人数是男性的两倍
The number of men outnumbered women by four to one. 我们的人数以4比1超过他们Exceed超过···数量
The price will not exceed $100.
Overtake (在数量或重要性方面)大于，超过
Nuclear energy may overtake oil as the main fuel.
表示连续的时间段
1.over a span of···years
= over the period from···to···
= in the years between···and···
2.during the same period
3.in the No. years spanning from 19xx through 19xx
= from···to···within the 5 years period
4.from then on
= from this time onwards
= in the subsequent years.
横向比较
1.···程度副词doubled/trebled三倍/quadruple四倍/halve减半(NO. vs NO.), while···doubled/trebled/quadrupled/halved which were数字(年份) and数字(年份) respectively.
The figure by long distance bus more than doubled during the same period (54 miles vs. 124 miles), while the miles by taxi trebled which were 13 miles and 42 miles respectively.
2.表示―A占总体的多少‖或―A为B···倍‖或―A为B的···分之···"
3.···数字(A+B), of which A were···and B were···
Italy received 20 million visitors, of which 1.2 million were from the UK and 1.8 million were from the USA.
4. ···had a higher/lower total number of名词than any of the other+名词France had a higher total number of visitors than any of the other countries on the list.
表示比较的句型
1.likewise,句子. 同样地，···
Likewise, the use of other, unspecified, forms of transport also increased.
2.By contrast/In comparison,句子. 相反地，···
By contrast, the long distance vehicle enjoyed a significant increase over the period, spanning from 1985 to 2000, although there exists some differences.
In comparison, student expenditure in country C was considerably lower, at only US$1500 per year
https://www.360docs.net/doc/325691132.html,pared with the data (数字) in年份,句子. 与···相比较，···
Overall, there is a considerable increase in total miles by all modes of transportation, compared with the data (4,740 miles) in 1985.
4.···had half/twice/triple·times as many可数名词as···, but/yet the number of···and···was the same.
Australia had half as many visitors as Thailand (3 million vs6 million), but the number of visitors to those countries from the UK and the USA was the same, 0.3 million.
5.句子, while句子.
12 million Americans visited Canada while 5.5 million visited Mexico.
6.···had a higher/lower total number of···than any of the other+名词复数France had a higher total number of visitors than any of the other countries on the list.
表示―%‖的词语
百分比：percentage, proportion, share
高：High, large – highest, largest
低：low, small—lowest, smallest
表示―占%‖的词组
正向：A constitute/occupy/account for/compose/comprise B A占B的%
负向：% of B be composed of A (总体)有%的(某一元素)
% of名词be composed of(总体)有%的(某一元素)
Around 15% of our diet is composed of protein. 我们的饮食中大约有15%的蛋白质composes (某一元素)构成总体的%
Christians compose around 2.5% of the country’s population 基督教徒占这个国家人口的2.5%
Comprise构成
Older people comprise a large proportion of those living in poverty.
Constitute构成
Constitute around 60% of the total/a larger percentage (around 20%) of
Constitute the majority of the labour force. 占劳动力的大多数
Occupy 占据
Dry lands occupy a third of the world’s surface. 陆地占了地球表面的三分之一
Account for (数量上，比例上)占
The Japanese market accounts for 35% of the company’s revenue. 日本市场占公司收入
的35%.
对了，差点忘了，要区分数据是data 还是percentage.这个决定了相对应的词汇
如果大家能够熟练地掌握我上述的总结和归纳的话，相对对于以上四种图表一定能够得心应手了
Part 2 地图题
地图是最近比较流行的题目，本人连续考的4次雅思写作里面，居然有两次都是地图题（12月11日和2月26日）。不过对于应付这种题型，大家不用害怕，其实没什么大不了的。慎小嶷最近的新书《十天突破写作完整真题库》里面的DAY 1O(page 297~318)，有详细的
归纳。以下内容均为摘抄该书的章节。恳请大家尊重别人的知识产权，在没有得到原作者允许的情况下，请勿用于商业用途~~
表示―A位于‖
A is located/situated/lies···
A is just off the road to···A就在通向某地的路边上
A is right at the center of··· A就在···的正中央
表示―A靠近或者紧挨着B‖:A is next to/near/close to
表示―A在距离B某一面···公里处‖
A is located/situated/lies···kilometers/miles to the east/west/north/south of B
表示―A位于B内的某个部分‖
A is located/ situated/ lies in the eastern/western/northern/southern part of B
表示―A在B的某个角上‖
A lies/is located/is situated on/at the east/west/north/south/corner of B
表示―剩下的‖部分：The rest of the···
表示―道路通向/河流流向某处‖: The road runs from···to···
The river runs/ flows from···to···
表示―沿着河流/道路‖:Along with river/road Alongside the river/road
表示―A在道路或者河流的某一侧‖
A is located/situated/lies on the north/south side of the river/ the road
e.g. situated on the south side of the River Thames, this hotel offers its guests an ideal location in central London
表示―A与B仅一河之隔/仅一路之隔‖:A is right across from B
表示―A在道路或河流的南北端‖
A is located/situated/lies on the north/south end of the river/the road
表示―A在B的对面‖:A is opposite B
表示―A在B某一侧的边界上‖
A is located/situated/lies on the eastern/western/northern/southern border of B
表示―A在B某侧的边缘上‖
A is located/situated/lies on the eastern/western/northern/southern edge of B
表示―A朝北/朝南/面朝公园等‖
A faces north/south
A faces towards the north/ the south
A faces a park
表示―斜向的方位‖:
东北north-east 东南south-east
西北north-west 西南south-west
表示建筑物的布局：Layout
指一个建筑物周边的环境：The surroundings of a building
表示―A占据了某个空间‖：A occupies
表示A由几个不同的部分组成：A consists of/ is composed of/ is made up of B, C and D 表示A的长度是：The length of A is···=A is···in length
表示A的宽度是：The width of A is···=A is···in width
表示A的面积是：A is···in area
The farm is 50 kilometers in area
The building almost doubled in floor area.
表示大约：approximately, roughly, about, around
表示一块地：a patch of land/ a stretch of land
表示从A·延伸到·：A extended/ stretched from···to···
The park extended from Main Street to King George Street
This period stretched from the mid-eighteenth century to the late nineteenth century 表示比较，―与···所不同的是‖
Unlike A, B
Compared with A, B
A···while/ whereas B···
In comparison/ in contrast/ by contrast, B
表示可以―使用‖：available
表示可以―容纳‖：can accommodate
表示理论上讲：in theory, theoretically, hypothetically
表示但事实上：but in reality/ however, realistically/ yet in practice/ but in fact/
as a matter of fact, though
表示在某处建造了A：A was built in=was constructed in=was established in
表示在某处又增建了A：A was added to=an addition was made to···,which was A
表示改动原建筑或原场地：v. change/ modify/ remodel
n. change/modification/remodeling
表示A被改造成了B：A was turned into/ was transformed into/ was converted into B
表示A被搬走或拆掉：A was removed/ demolished/ taken down from···
表示A被B取代了：A was replaced by B/ A made way for B
表示A的面积缩小：the size of A was reduced to only half of/ one third of the original size 表示A的面积扩大:A was expanded to twice its size=the size of A almost doubled
表示A向XX方向延伸：expand/extend northward/southward/eastward/westward
表示A经历了：A experienced/ witnessed/saw
起初：at first=initially=in the beginning=originally
接着：then=next=after that=in the following stage=in the next/subsequent period=afterward
在这个阶段：at this point=in this phase=in this stage
最终：finally=eventually=in the end
Part 3 流程图
对于流程图，本人从来没有准备过。我觉得没必要捡了芝麻丢了西瓜。毕竟它出现的频率很低，而且几乎很难准备。有见及此，对于那些在考试当中遇到流程图的烤鸭们，我只能说：―不要慌，不要怕，前面就是天堂，一路走好！！‖
TASK 2 大作文
Part 1. 考官是怎么改卷子的？
知己知彼，百战百胜，所以―考官是怎么改卷子的，他以什么为标准的评分‖的尤为重要。经过朋友的介绍，我认识了Steward，他是一位资深的写作老师和改卷老师，在悉尼大学语言
中心工作(那些在悉尼的朋友，如果想找他的话，请给我留言，我有他的联系方式)。我上了他两小时的课，他帮我改了12篇大作文和2篇小作文。我觉得这短短的两小时，远远比上什么新东方新航道环球雅思什么保7班精品班重要得多得多。after all，很多中国雅思老师还是处于意淫阶段。
看着他改了12篇文章，发现他改作文的模式非常非常的mechanical，他说考官一般会在1小时内改六份作文（including task 1 and task2），那就是说平均5分钟改一篇。在这五分钟里，他就死死地盯着评分规则，从task response, coherence and cohesion, lexical resources, grammatical range and accuracy 这四个方面评分。而且让我无比深刻的是：雅思是一门语言能力考试，它侧重于测试学生的语言表达能力，而不是思维能力。记住：核心词是语言表达！！
Part 2. 雅思写作7分是什么样的概念
以下是雅思写作的7分标准
(a). task response:
?addresses all parts of the task
?presents a clear position throughout the reponse
?presents, extend and supports main ideas, but there may be a tendency to over-generalise and/or supporting ideas may lack focus.
用中文最简单的理解是：首尾都要回答问题，允许泛泛而谈。这就是说，我们没必要花太多的精力去考虑观点是否绝对严谨是否意义深刻，关键是要告诉考官你的思考逻辑。这就是剑桥雅思的魅力，它要考你的不是你的思维能力，而是你的语言表达能力。哪怕在ridiculous 的观点，只要你能用最恰当的语言去表达，你也可以同样得7分（当然，如果你的目标是8分，你就当我痴人说话吧）。还有就是说，很多题目本身包含很广泛的概念，很多大学教授用十几万字都解释不清的关系，怎么就能让我们这些门外汉用三言两语就解释好呢。说了这么多，我想说的是，如果你从一开始就习惯背诵满分作文，习惯复制别人的观点，这样的复习方法会很吃力（我不敢说是错的，那是确实低效，甚至有赌博成分），事倍功半。毕竟我们都是正常人，我们都有自己的思考能力和理解能力，我们说的每一个观点都是make sense，不make sense的是我们没把那个观点说清楚。
(b). coherence and cohesion
?logically organises information and ideas, there is clear progression throughout ?lises a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some under-or over use
?presents a clear topic within each paragragh
用中文最简单的意思是：分段分点，每点之前必须有连接词。这一点非常非常容易达到（我总结了大量这样的词汇，明天或者后天上传上来）。然后那个考官最为推介的范式（以argumentation的题目为例，因为report类的文章更死板了）：开头段+主体段（让步一段，支持（反对）两段）+结尾段。其实说白了，就是我们最熟悉不过的模版。也就是说，模版是非常有用的，之所以变成没用（serve no helpful purpose）是因为用模范的那个人没有用（想起粤语里面的一句歇后语，叫―太监撒尿‖）。至于怎么用模版才能变得不落于俗套，下文回答问题7的时候会有详细分析。
(c). lexcial resource
?uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision
?uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation ?may produce occasional erros in word choice, spelling and/or word formation
用中文最简单的意思是：足够就好，不需要多；一两个大词就够，不需要滥。一说到单词，相信我们并不陌生，甚至认为学英语就是背单词，写作就是单词的选美与堆砌。尽管我们都知道这是不对的，但是依旧默默地坚持着，比如说背诵一大堆同义词代换，一大堆除了莎士比亚见过之外其他人都没见过的大词。这样的复习会很累而且会逐渐把雅思写作从逻辑表述变成词汇大杂烩。至于何谓是足够的单词，何谓是less common lexical items，这就是问题6的范畴了。经过我写了大概30篇雅思作文，我觉得我们需要的词汇其实真的不多（我的词汇表一定会upload上来，估计在明天或者后天）。我想说的是，记单词最好的方法是，把单词放到句型或者例句上面来，然后句型或者例句一定要与雅思写作topic 相关。如果不相关，证明那个词就算记住了，也不会用。
(d). Grammatical range and accuracy
?uses a variety of complex structures
?produces frequent error-free sentences
?has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few mistake
用中文最简单的意思是：句子结构多样性和允许语法错误的存在。对于句子结构多样性，这一点，我觉得我们中国学生肯定没问题的，什么定语从句，什么名词性从句，什么状语从句，倒装句，虚拟语态，被动语态等，我们只会过犹不及。从我的个人经验来看，我有时候会把定语从句和同位语从句搞乱（并不是我们不知道有什么不同，而是一紧张就很容易忽视了）。说到语法错误，我可以说，我们中国学生最最最常犯的语法错误都是非常低级（请参考part.4内容）。
Part 3. 雅思写作7分所需要的词汇
(a). 雅思写作必备连词--只要掌握了这些连词，就能符合到coherence and cohesion 7分以上的要求
以下为英语写作(雅思写作，学术论文等)必备的连词汇总。以下的内容参考了悉尼大学本科学生orientation handbook里面关于如何preparing for essays的总结，再加上本人的积累。有些连词与下面的句型汇总重合，请以句型汇总为重点。对于应该雅思写作和大学学术论文绝对绰绰有余，希望能帮助大家。
为了更好地分享我的经验，我将以下的词语划分成三组
?用下划线highlight的是适用那些总感觉雅思写作写不长、写不满250字、需要灌水的同学
?用粗体highlight的是适用于那些每次都写得太长、写爆格，务实的同学
?用斜体highlight的是适用于那些有强烈大词欲，渴望用大词整死考官的同学
?To signal sequence or addition
Accordingly, actually, additionally, afterwards, again, also, and, another, as was previously stated, as well as, at the same time, besides this, consistent with this, correspondingly, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, in addition, in a like manner, in the first place, in the same way, including, initially, last, likewise, more importantly, moreover, next, originally, overall, primarily, similarly, to begin with, too, what is more.
?To signal time
After, afterward, as long as, at first, at last, at length, at the same time, before, concurrently, currently, during, finally, following, immediately, in the future, in the meantime, last but not least, later, meanwhile, next, once, presently, rarely, simultaneously, sometimes, subsequently, then, this time, until, until then, whenever, while.
?To show results
Accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in other words, in that case, it follows that, it is evident that, otherwise, owing to, resulting from this, so it can be seen that, that being the case, therefore this implies, this suggests that, thus, under these circumstances.
?To introduce evidence/support/reasons
Contradictory to this, contrarily, in support of this, it follows, this is clear because, the evidence for···is, the reasons for···are, this is supported by, to affirm this, to attest to this, to corroborate, to explain, to further confirm, to further verify, to list, to substantiate this, in substantiation.
?To signal repetition, summary, or conclusion
Accordingly, all in all, all together, as a final point, as a result, as I have noted, as
indicated earlier, as mentioned, as previously stated, as we have seen, briefly, by and large, consequently, finally, given these facts, hence, in brief, in conclusion, in other words, in short, in summary, to sum up, in summation, on the whole, overall, since, so, summing up, then, therefore, thus, thus we can see that, to conclude, to recapitulate, to repeat, to review.
?To introduce causes or effects
Accordingly, as a result, because, consequently, due to, for as much as, for that reason, hence, in as much as, in that, in view of, on account of, owing, since, then, therefore, thus, to narrow the focus, after all, from this perspective, from this point of view, given this context, in fact, in order to, in other words, in particular, in this case, in this context, indeed, particularly, put another way, specifically, that is, this is particularly true when, under certain, circumstances, up to a point, with this in mind.
?To contrast,
After all, although, alternately, and yet, at the same time, be that as it may, bu, contrastingly, conversely, despite, dissimilarly, even though, for all that, however, in contrast, in contrast to this, in opposition to this, in reality, in spite of this, inconsistent with this is that, instead, meanwhile, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, paradoxically, rather than, regardless of, still, though, whereas, when in fact, yet.
?To compare
Also, analogous to, another similar issue is, at the same time, by the same token, equally, in comparison, in like manner, in similar fashion, in the same way, likewise, similarly.
?To clarify
In other words, that is, that is to say, this means that, to clarify, to elaborate, to explain, to paraphrase, to put it another way.
?To show purpose
In order to, in the hope that, for the purpose, with this end, to the end that, with this objective
?To dismiss
All the same, at any rate, either way, in any event, in either case, whatever happens.
?To signal concession
Admittedly, albeit, although it is true that certainly, even so, granted, it may appear that, knowing this, naturally, of course, this is only the case when, while this is true, while it may seem that.
?To signify a condition
Granting that, in the event of, on the condition that, providing that, so long as ?To prove examples
As an illustration, by way of example, for example, for instance, in particular, in support of this, notably, to demonstrate, to elaborate, to exemplify, to highlight, to illustrate,
specifically, that is.
?To reference
Concerning this, considering this, with respect to, with regards to
?To emphasise
Above all, as a matter of fact, certainly, chiefly, especially, importantly, in any case, in particular, indeed, it must be emphasised, that, mainly, mostly, notably, obviously, of course, particularly, primarily, specifically, truly, undoubtedly.
(b). 雅思写作必备同义词代换--只要掌握了这些连词，就能游刃有余地驾驭我们想要表达的观点，满足lexcial resource 7分要求
对于雅思写作，总有那么一个问题绕不开，那就是我们究竟需要积累多少个单词才能写出一篇能够完整表达我们观点的文章。有的老师说最起码要有6级的词汇量，有的老师(慎小嶷)说熟记286个单词就足够~~根据本人的经验，我觉得在一开始备考的时候，完全没有必要去考虑我们究竟需要多少个单词，因为在没有练笔就开始记单词的情况，我们的思路往往受我们所记过的单词的影响。在这样的惯性下，我们很可能很生硬地套用单词，而不是自然而然地抒发观点。我觉得只有在自己平时充分练笔(我自己大概写了30多篇雅思作文)的前提下，我们才知道我们自己究竟需要什么样的单词和词组，需要多少的同义词代换~~我的经验是：不要让单词成为自己的负担，最好是边写边积累，毕竟我们不是考GRE。哪怕是GRE词汇的巨人也可能成为雅思写作的侏儒~~关键是用词准确到位，清晰表达观点
以下是经过我30篇雅思写作练笔之后总结出来的75组必备的同义词代换，如果能熟练掌握，必定能让你们在驾驭和阐述观点的时候变得游刃有余~~其实不单单是为了雅思写作，出国留学不能避免的就是每个学期排山倒海的individual assignments和group works，相信以下的词汇对大家是有帮助的。
中性动词
1.导致：v. cause, bring about, give rise to, lead to, generate, create, Be a contributing factor to
2.认为：v. point out, argue, claim, assert, think, consider
3.强调：v. emphasize, bring/call attention to, accentuate, heighten, strengthen
4.集中：v. focus on, concentrate on
5.解决：v. combat, address, tackle, resolve, solve
顾家北手把手教你雅思写作全文翻译表格
本文档配合《顾家北手把手教你雅思写作（剑10）》版使用使用方法：每句话下面预留两行空格， 第一行写自己的翻译，第二行写顾家北的翻译与批阅。 全文翻译1：遵守规则论述类题目写作要点 Some people think that children should obey the rules or do what their parents and teachers want them to do. Other people think children controlled too much cannot deal with problem themselves in adulthood. Discuss both views and state your own opinion.
全文翻译2：老龄化社会+观点类( advantage/disadvantage ) +段落的数量In many countries, the proportion of older people is steadily increasing. Does this trend have positive or negative effects on society?
全文翻译3：看电视学习+观点类( agree/disagree ) +写作要点
Some people believe that children can learn effectively by watching TV and they should be encouraged to watch TV both at home and at school. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
雅思写作7分官方评分标准解析
Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages? Foreign languages have increasingly gained popularity among students these years, given that the world is shrinking and each country now has a more frequent contact with the outside world. Many people[c1]argue that children should begin learning a foreign language at elementary school, instead of waiting until [c2] they enter secondary school. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, despite the fact that parents do not want to put too much pressure on their children, they also do not want them to lose at the starting line. This means, if the kids start to learn a foreign language early, their parents are relieved from the thought that their kids will have to catch up later on, which is true to some extent. On the other hand, it is scientifically proved that children tend to learn a language faster before the age of 12. As far as I know, my friends who started to learn English when they were six or seven now have a much more satisfactory English level than those who started at12 or 13. So it is wise to have foreign language course in primary school curriculum. Additionally, learning a foreign language at an earlier age can lay children a solid foundation for future studying.Rather than just learning a language itself, children learn a lot more about the learning methods. As a result, when they enter secondary school, they can explore more languages and enrich their knowledge by extensive readings.
雅思大作文专项突破：追随时尚
雅思大作文专项突破：追随时尚 本文收集整理了雅思大作文专项突破：追随时尚。这是目前常见的、高频的雅思写作话题，同学们在备考时可以边写边学，积累写作素材，以便在考试中更胸有成竹。 Topic 24: Fashion is difficult to follow, and some people argue that we should not follow it. They think that we should dress what we like and feel comfortable. Do you agree or disagree? 解析: 支持追随潮流(following fashion)的观点： ? 时装是自我表达( a means of self-expression)的一种休现，表现人的性格和喜好(reflect one's personality or likes)，让人们在生活巾体验不同角色(allow people to try on many roles in life)，同时便世界更加丰富多彩(diversity and variety of the world in which we live); ? 新时代的时尚(fashion in the new era)并不一定意味着高消费，也并非一定穿某种款式的衣服才算时尚;
? 时装源于生活(root in daily life),反映生活趋势(reflect that life)，充分考虑了消费者的需求C consider consumer demand)，不像人们想的那样肤浅(not as superficial as some people think) 反对追随潮流(following fashion )的观点： ? 潮流变化太快，盲目追求潮流(follow fashion blindly)是浪费时间和金钱; ? 失去了自己的喜好和判断(dwell too much on what others think); ? 鼓励人们将衣服和地位、社会阶层还有财富联系在一起(associate clothing with status, social class and wealth),这是一种歧视。 范文 Fashion refers to a style of clothing worn by most people of a country. The growing concern about fashion in recent years comes as no surprise, considering the fact that fashion is very often at odds with the traditional function of clothing, protecting wearers from the extremes of weather. In my opinion, fashion is not a betrayal but an indicative of a principle that wearing clothing is for both functional and social reasons. Fashions are linked to personal style. Fashions allow wearers to express emotion and solidarity with other people. People dress to their mood and according to circumstances. Buying fashionable clothes is a
雅思7分大作文范文批改和解析
雅思7分大作文范文批改和解析 距离雅思写作7分你大概还有3个步骤要走，是的，不是谁都可以轻轻松松活动雅思高分的。今天给大家带来了雅思7分大作范文批改和解析,希望能够帮助到大家，一起来学习吧。 雅思7分大作范文批改和解析 雅思写作提高第一步：结构(5.0 - 5.5) 问题：出国留学的优点(the advantages of disadvantages of study abroad) 同学：One reason for those who decide to go overseas to get a higher degree is that they believe they can get better education in certain fields. That is to say, different universities in different countries have their specialized courses and rich resources can be provided according to their needs and requirements. Another reason is that they can learn a foreign language in a more efficient way. There is no denying that living in an all-round English environment and being affected by local culture make people quick learners. 解析：出国留学和高学历完全是两回事(出去读初中和高中都算出国);出国就是better education，在国内就不是better? 出
雅思大作文5分与7分范文各项指数对比分析
雅思大作文5分与7分范文各项指数对比分析 Let’s compare two answers to a question.The topic is as follows: International tourism has brought enormous benefit to many places. At the same time, there is concern about its impact on local inhabitants and the environment. Do the advantages of international tourism outweigh the disadvantages? A Poor Essay – The following is a band 5 essay. International tourism has brought enormous benefit to many places. At the same time, there is concern about its impact on local inhabitants and the environment. Do the disadvantages of international tourism outweigh the advantages? In my opinion advantages outweight the disadvantages. Firstly, many countries like Egypt or Tailand live from tourism Lots of people work there as a seilsmens or tourist guides. These countries without support of tourists wouldn’t be able to funtcion properly. Secondly, in countries visited by tourists are plenty of places where people just can’t pass because of rare animals or plant s. Another thing is that people like traveling and seeing new exotic places. They like lie on the beach or swim in ocean. Furthermore, tourism is now more growing industry highering tousands of people. There are makeing new places to work and to have fun. But on the other hand, people often for get that they aren’t the only beings on the planet. Many tourists are living garbage just anywhere. Some of them wan’t an exotic souvenir so they pay for illegal things like dea d or live animals or some sculpture. To sum up I think international traveling is a good thing but people must realise that there is something else besides them. They need to know that flora and fauna needs to be protected. People have to enjoy their holidays but alsow protect environment. Below is an analysis of this essay. Task Response The essay question has been copied and used as the introduction (paragraph 1). Once these 34 words are taken off the word count, the response is underlength at 194 words and so loses marks. Nevertheless, the topic is addressed and a relevant position is expressed, although there are patches – as in the third paragraph – where the development is unclear. Other ideas are more relevant but are sometimes insufficiently developed.
雅思大作文专项突破：垃圾增多的原因
雅思大作文专项突破：垃圾增多的原因 本文收集整理了雅思大作文专项突破：垃圾增多的原因。这是目前常见的、高频的雅思写作话题，同学们在备考时可以边写边学，积累写作素材，以便在考试中更胸有成竹。 Topic 27: Many people believe that the human society has developed into a throw-away society, which is filled with plastic bags and rubbish. What are the causes and solutions? 概述：环境问题是目前世界的一个热门话题，人们越来越关注环境恶化(environmental degradation.：)对地球产生的影响。 一般来说，环境问题有： ? 全球变暖，冰川融化，海平面上升(sea level rise),淡水减少; ? 污染物增加——放射物质的废物处理(radioactive waste disposal),垃圾增多，废水增多，汽车尾气排放,导致生活环境恶化(deteriorating environment); ? 自然灾害横行-干旱、水灾、沙尘暴、酸雨等(droughts, floods, sand storms and acid rain); ? 能源供应不足，可替代资源(alternative energy)匮乏;
? 食品供应不足(food supply problem),饥荒(famine); ? 森林减少(deforestation),过度放牧(overgrazing)。 解决环境问题需要采取以下步骤： ? 全球合作，制定环境保护的标准和具体措施; ? 提高公众的意识(awareness); ?政府投资，采用对环境有利的科技(environmentally friendly technology )。 解析： 垃圾增多的原因： ? 人口增长(population growth)导致人们对物质需求的加大，这必定会导致垃圾的增多(the increment of rubbish); ?人们对垃圾可能导致的问题意识不强(awareness of waste issues); ? 消费者消费过多(over-consume)—次性产品(short-lived or disposable items)。 垃圾处理的方法： ? 颁布法律严厉控制垃圾任意排放(discharge of refuse);
如何从根本上提升雅思写作水平之逻辑篇
如何从根本上提升雅思写作水平之 逻辑篇 写作老师经验分享, 如何从根本上提升雅思写作水平之逻 辑篇，今天给大家带来如何从根本上提升雅思写作水平之逻辑篇,希望可以帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 写作老师经验分享如何从根本上提升雅思写作水平之逻辑篇 我们来拿一个真题和一个类似于真题的题进行说明： 20XX0328 Some people say that communication by using computers and phones will have side effects on young people’s writing and reading skills. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 改编题： Some people say that the use of using computers and phones will have side effects on young people’s communication. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
请各位同学想一想，这两个问题是一样的么?劳烦各位思考个3分钟，然后继续往下翻~如果你觉得并没有很大差别，那估计真的碰到这个题目的话，6.5分是很勉强的。 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 我们先来说改编题： side effects: 1. face-to-face communication减少，感情可能变淡 positive effects: 1. be able to contact people without geographical limitation; in the past, it may be impossible to say Hi to a foreign friend. 2. be able to contact friends or partners quickly, no need to wait for responses; in the past, writing letters really wastes a lot of time and sometimes letters may be lost. 我们再来说真题： side effects: 1. writing abilities会下降，因为写信的频率降低了，handwriting当然变差
雅思写作九分作文欣赏
雅思写作九分作文范文欣赏：There is no doubt that helping students find a job is one of the primary functions of university education， but universities do exist for other purposes such as improving students’ analytical skills and raising students’moral standards. A university education can be seen as a process of improving students’analytical thinking. The variety of courses offered at university inspires students in various ways， therefore improving their analytical ability. For example， science courses such as math and biology help students develop a rational way of thinking whereas arts courses such as literature 123ve to let students ponder over issues from a logical， multi- dimensional perspective; and courses in social sciences force students to recognize the ideas that have been traditionally assumed to be acceptable and unproblematic. With the development of these types of analytical thinking，graduates can face future challenges with more confidence and enthusiasm. Also， university education is expected to improve students’ moral standards. This is rooted in universities’ belief that students’ awar123ss of responsibility towards their community and their country is of high importance. In this ever-deg123rating society and civilization， students are encouraged actively participate in improving the local community. A university that provides care and facilities for physically disadvantaged students may inspire the graduates to better handle situations in the future where they may have to interact with the disabled community. A successful university education is supposed to produce morally sound graduates， therefore increasing their employability. In conclusion， university education not only helps students locate a decent job but will also develop other qualities such as enhancing their analytical skills and cultivating their hunger and spirit for life. Some people warn that the era of the silver screen is coming to an end and that people will eventually lose interest in going to the cinema. Do you agree or disagree with this view (250 words)
雅思IELTS写作136个必备词汇(十天突破雅思写作_第四版_慎小嶷)
1 家长给小孩的教育parenting n. 2 学校对学生的教育schooling n. 3 培养cultivate vt. 4 意识awareness = sense = recognition n. 5 有创造力的creative / original adj. 6 身体的physical adj. 7 心理的psychological adj. 8 同龄人peer n. 9 动力motivation n. （形容词motivated, 有动力的） 10 适应... adapt to 提供…. afford sth. v. 11 纪律discipline n. 12 记忆memorise(英式拼写) vt. 13 获得acquire vt. （后面经常加knowledge / skills） 14 有趣的stimulating adj. （在教育类作文中经常可以替代 interesting） Media 15 形容词“无处不在的”prevalent adj. 经常可以代替everywhere 16 客观的objective adj. 17 不客观的biased adj. 18 名人celebrity n. 19 记者journalists n. 20 新闻界the press 21 报道coverage n. （动词是cover） 22 有误导性的misleading adj. 23 可靠的dependable adj. 24 非常及时的up-to-the-minute adj. sway vt. 25 媒体影响公众经常用sway后 面加宾语的表达 26 信息量大的informative adj. 27 娱乐性强的entertaining adj. Technology 28 改变transform vt. 代替change 29 突破breakthrough n. 30 发展advance v. & n. 31 惊人的速度 a staggering rate 32 信息爆炸information overload 33 提高，增强enhance = boost vt. 34 创新，发明innovations n. 35 远程通讯telecommunications n. 36 高生产率的（它的名词 productive adj. productivity生产率在科技类 话题也很常用）
G类雅思7分作文范文
G类雅思7分作文范文 Topic Some people say that older people should live with their adult children. Others say that they shouldn't. Which do you think is good practice. TEXT（257 Words） One of the topics in daily life is whether or not the older people should live with their adult children. My answer is the question is that it is better for them not to. Firstly, people of different ages have different ways of life. The old people like a quiet, peaceful and regular life whereas the young prefer noises, activities and unrestrained enjoyment. If they live together, old may feel that they are always disturbed and the young may feel that they are often handicapped. Secondly, people of different generations have different views and values. What is quite normal to the parents may seem to be old-fashioned or wrong to the children. When they live together, they may disagree on matters ranging from minor domestic matters to national and international issues. Consequently, family life may be unpleasant or even unbearable to both the old and the young. Last but not the least, adult children, like their parents, love independence and freedom, but their parents still take them as children and unintentionally interfere in their affairs. The situation will be worse if the adult children are already married. In this case, the children have already built a new and closed world and any outside interference may lead to conflicts. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that if the parents and their adult children do not live together, both the old and the young can enjoy complete independence and freedom, live a life they like, and keep intact their affections for each other 雅思范文：电脑是否现代教育所必须？ 成因 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Present a written argument or case to an educated non-specialist audience on the following topic. Are computers an essential feature of modern education? What subjects can be better taught using computers? Are there aspects of a good education that cannot be taught using computers? You should write at least 250 words. 提示 You should you your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. Topic words: Computers Essential features / absolutely necessary Modern education / good education Task words: There are no specific task words. Three separate questions are given. Questions I should ask myself: Do I think computers are essential for education? What subjects do I think are best be learnt using computers? What do I think are the features of a good education, and are computers important in it?
雅思6分作文(转基因食品)
More and more farmers and food manufacturers are genetically modifying their crops to reduce susceptibility to disease, improve flavor, and reduce costs. Do you think genetically modifying foods is a good idea? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your position. Sample 6 Score A few decades ago, manipulating genes in people, plants, and animals was just science fiction. Today, it’s a reality, and genetic modification may have many positive applications in the future, including the eradication of many hereditary diseases. But like most scientific and technological advances, the genetic modification of organisms for our food supply can be as dangerous as it is beneficial. Because of the potential dangers of this technology, I think genetically altering plants and animals in the food supply is a practice that should be very tightly controlled and carefully studied before it is an accepted and common practice. Unfortunately, it may already be too late for that. Many people don’t even realize that many of their foods are genetically modified organisms (GMOs). GMOs are already prevalent in supermarkets and grocery stores across the country, but manufacturers are not required to label foods as having been made from GMOs. As a result, millions of Americans purchase and eat GMOs every day without even knowing it. Yet we don’t even know if GMOs are harmful to our health. We don’t really know how GMOs may affect our bodies or our ecosystem. When we mess with DNA, we may be making changes that have all sorts of dangerous repercussions, including some that we may not even realize for several generations. One of the main concerns about GMOs is the unpredictability of the behavior of altered genes and of the bacteria, plants, and animals that interact with the altered organism. For example, a crop of corn genetically modified to be less susceptible to a particular insect may take on other unwanted characteristics due to the change. It may, for example, become more susceptible to another disease, or it could develop a tougher skin on its kernels, or it could decrease the crop’s ability to produce vitamin E. More frightening is the domino effect of genetically modifying foods. Any change in an organism’s DNA has the potential to affect not only the organism but also anything that feeds off of it, including us. How do we know how GMOs might affect us on a microscopic, genetic level? We don’t know, and can’t know, without years of studies that track all sorts of potential outcomes over several generations. Another fear is that transferred genes may escape from one organism into another. For example, imagine that Strain A of sweet peas was altered by adding a gene that would increase its sugar production. Through cross-pollination, this altered genetic code could enter other strains and slowly (or quickly) infect the entire sub-species. If the alteration was beneficial, this could be a good thing. But the altered gene might not act the same way in all varieties, and the change may not be a good thing in the first place,
雅思考试写作突破高分的语法结构
雅思考试写作突破高分的语法结构 高分语法结构： 1. 状语前置 状语前置就是把一个修饰动词的状语结构，如介词短语，分词形式或动词不定式引导的短语放到句首。雅思写作中状语前置是很拿分的句式，不过很多考生都没意识到这一点。 请看下面从剑桥提供的范文中节选的句子： 1) Like self-awareness, this is also very difficult to achieve, but I think these are the two factors that may be the most important for achieving happiness。 2) Throughout the century, the largest quantity of water was used for agricultural purposes。 3)With a population of 176 million, the figures for Brazil indicate how high agricultural water consumption can be in some countries。 使用状语前置的最大优点是让单调的句子有了跳跃的节奏感。考官一天看上百张考卷，看到这样的句子也会心情愉悦。 注意：插入语 此种语法结构是可以理解为是状语前置的另一种变体，它将状语结构提到了主句的主语和谓语之间。插入语也是相对地道的英语表达方法。请看以下几例： 1)Universities, when it is ning well, should offer both