大学英语精读文本第2册UNIT 9
UNIT 9
TEXT
Asimov explains why there is much more in intelligence than just being able to score high on intelligence tests.
What Is Intelligence, Anyway?
Isaac Asimor
What is intelligence, anyway? When I was in the army I received a kind of aptitude test that all soldiers took and, against a normal of 100, scored 160. No one at the base had ever seen a figure like that and for two hours they made a nig fuss over me. (It didn't mean anything. The next day I was still a buck private with KP as my highest duty.)
All my life I've been registering scores like that, so that I have the complacent feeling that I'm highly intelligent, and I expect other people to think so, too. Actually, though, don't such scores simply mean that I am very good at answering the type of academic questions that are considered worthy of answers by the people who make up the intelligence tests - people with intellectual bents similar to mine?
For instance, I had an auto-repair man once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not possibly have scored more than 80, by my estimate. I always took it for granted that I was far more intelligent than he was. Yet, when anything went wrong with my car I hastened to him with it, watched him anxiously as he explored its vitals, and listened to his pronouncements as though they were divine oracles - and he always fixed my car.
Well, then, suppose my auto-repair man devised questions for an intelligence test. Or suppose a carpenter did, or a farmer, or, indeed, almost anyone but an academician. By every one of those tests, I'd prove myself a moron. And I'd be a moron, too. In a world where I could not use my academic training and my verbal talents but had to do something intricate or hard, working with my hands, I would do poorly. My intelligence, then, is not absolute. Its worth is determined by the society I live in. Its numerical evaluation is determined by a small subsection of that society which has managed to foist itself on the rest of us as an arbiter of such matters.
Consider my auto-repair man, again. He had a habit of telling me jokes whenever he saw me. One time he raised his head from under the automobile hood to say: "Doc, a deaf-and-dumb guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. He put two fingers together on the counter and made hammering motions with the other hand. The clerk brought him a hammer. He shook his head and pointed to the two fingers he was hammering. The clerk brought him nails. He picked out the sizes he wanted, and left. Well, doc, the next guy who came in was a blind man. He wanted scissors. How do you suppose he asked for them?"
I lifted my right hand and made scissoring motions with my first two fingers. Whereupon my auto-repair man laughed heartily and said, "Why, you dumb fool, he used his voice and asked for them." Then he said, smugly, "I've been trying that on all my customers today." "Did you catch many?" I asked. "Quite a few," he said, "but I knew for sure I'd catch you." "Why is that?" I asked. "Because you're so goddamned educated, doc, I know you couldn't be very smart."
And I have an uneasy feeling he had something there.
NEW WORDS
aptitude
n. natural ability or skill 能力，才能
normal
n. the usual state or level 正常的状态或水平
figure
n. 数字
fuss
n. unnecessary expression of excitement, anger, impatience, etc. 大惊小怪
buck private
n. (sl.) common soldier of the lowest rank 列兵
KP (abbr)
kitchen police (a military duty of helping the cooks prepare and serve the food, wash the dishes, and clean up the kitchen) 炊事值勤（员）
register
vt. achieve; write in a list or record 取得；登记
complacent
a. self-satisfactory; pleased with oneself 自满的；自鸣得意的
highly
ad. to a great degree; very
simply
ad. just; only 仅仅；只不过
academic
a. scholarly, theoretical, not practical; of a college or university 学术的，学究的；学院的
worthy (of)
a. deserving 值得的
bent
n. natural tendency or inclination 嗜好，倾向
similar
a. alike; of the same sort 类似的
auto
n. (short for) automobile 汽车
estimate
n. judgment or opinion about how much, how many, how good, etc. 估计
grant
vt. give or allow (what is asked for) 授予；准予
hasten
vi. go fast; be quick 赶快；急忙
explore
vt. search or examine thoroughly 探索；探究
vitals
n. essential parts of anything; the main bodily organs 主要部件；（人体的）重要器官pronouncement
n. formal or authoritative statement; opinion 声明；见解
divine
a. coming from God; sacred 神的；神圣的
oracle
n. 圣言；神谕
devise
vt. think out; plan 想出；设计
carpenter
n. 木匠
academician
n. member of an art, literary or scientific academy or society院士，学会会员morron
n. stupid person 低能者；蠢人
verbal
a. complicated with words and their use; spoken, not written 词语的；口头的
intricate
a. complicated 错综复杂
absolute
a. not measured by comparison with other things 绝对的
determine
vt. fix or find out exactly 确定
numerical
n. of a number; shown by numbers 数字的；用数字表示的
evaluation
vt. 估价，评价
evaluate
vt.
subsection
n. part of a section 小组，分部
foist
vt. force (sth.) on another person by fraud or trickery 把...强加于
arbiter
n. judge 仲裁人,公断人
joke
n. sth. said or done to cause laughter or amusement
automobile
n. 汽车
hood
n. (汽车)引擎罩
doc
(short for) doctor
deaf
a. unable to hear 聋的
dumb
a. unable to speak; stupid 哑的;愚笨的
deaf-and-dumb
a. unable to hear and speak
hardware
n. metal goods such as utensils, tools, nails, etc. 金属器具hammer
n. 锤子;榔头
v. strike repeatedly (with a hammer)
clerk
n. salesclerk; person who works in a shop selling things 店员scissors
n. 剪刀
scissor
v. cut with scissors
whereupon
ad. upon, at, or after which 于是，因此；然后
heartily
ad. 尽情地
smugly
ad. complacently 沾沾自喜地
goddamned
ad. (sl.) very, extremely
uneasy
a. awkward; not easy in mind or body 局促的；不安的；不安适的PHRAESE & EXPRESSIONS
make a fuss of / over
为...大惊小怪
worthy of
deserving 值得
make up
prepare ready for use 编制;配制
by one's estimate
据某人估计
take sth. for granted
regard it as true or as certain to happen 认为某事当然
go wrong
stop working as true or as certain to happen 出毛病
pick out
select 挑选
try...on
在...身上试验
for sure
for certain; certainly 确切地;肯定PROPER NAMES
Isaac Asimov
艾萨克.阿西莫夫
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UNIT1 又一学年——为了什么？ 约翰·切阿迪 1.给你们讲讲我刚当老师时候的一次失败经历吧。那是1940年的1月，我从研究生院 毕业不久，在堪萨斯城大学开始第一学期的教学工作。一个瘦高，长得就像顶上有毛的豆角架一样的男学生走进我的课堂，坐下，双臂交叉放在胸前，看着我，好像在说：“好吧，教我一些东西。”两周后我们开始学习《哈姆雷特》。三周后他双手叉腰走进我的办公室，“看，”他说，“我来这是学习当药剂师的。我为什么必须读这个？”由于没有随身带着自己的书，他就指着桌子上放着的我的那本。 2.虽然我是位新老师，我本来可以告诉这个家伙许多事情的。我本来可以指出，他考 入的不是制药技工培训学校而是大学，而且他在毕业时，应该得到一张写有理学学士而不是“合格的磨药工”的学位证书。这证书会证明他专修过药剂学，但它还能进一步证明他曾经接触过一些人类发展史上产生的思想。换句话说，他上的不是技能培训学校而是大学，在大学里学生既要得到培训又要接受教育。 3.我本来可以把这些话都告诉他，但是很明显，他不会待很长时间，说了也没用。 4.但是，由于我当时很年轻而且责任感也很强，我尽量把我的意思这样表达出来：“在 你的余生中，”我说，“平均每天24小时左右。谈恋爱时，你会觉得它有点短；失恋时，你会觉得它有点长。但平均每天24小时会保持不变。在其余的大约8个小时的时间里，你会处于睡眠状态。 5.“然后在每个工作日8个小时左右的时间里，我希望你会忙于一些有用的事情。假 设你毕业于一所药科大学——或工程大学，法学院，或者其他什么大学——在那8个小时时间里，你将用到你的专业技能。作为一个药剂师，你要确保氯化物没有和阿斯匹林混在一起；作为一个工程师，你要确保一切都在你的掌控之中；作为一个律师，你要保证你的当事人没有因为你的无能而被处以电刑。这些都是有用的工作，它们涉及到的技能每个人都必须尊重，而且它们都能给你带来基本的满足。无论你还干些什么，这些技能都很可能是你养家糊口的本领。它们会给你带来收入；但愿你的收入总能够用。” 6.“但完成一天的工作后，剩下的8小时你做什么呢？比如说你可以回家，和你的家 人待在一起。你所供养的是一个什么样的家庭呢？孩子们在家里能接触到一点还算是精辟的思想吗？你主持的家庭中有民主气息吗？家里有书吗？有那种一般敏感的人看了不会发怵的画吗？孩子们会听到巴赫的音乐吗？” 7.这差不多就是我所说的，但这个讨厌鬼不感兴趣。“看，”他说，“你们教授用你 们的方法培养孩子；我会以我自己的方式抚养我自己的孩子。我呀，我会尽一切努力挣钱的。” 8.“我希望你能赚很多，”我告诉他，“因为你在开支票的余暇会愁没事干的。” 9.14年后的今天，我仍然在教书，在此我要告诉你们，大学的职责并不只是在于培训 你，它还要使你接触人类思想的精髓。如果你没时间看莎士比亚的作品，没时间看哲学入门，没时间欣赏艺术的存续，也没时间学习我们称之为历史的人类发展的课
大学英语精读第二册Reading Aloud and Memorizing答案
The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is s taring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the nat ive boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy's eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room. Of the guests, none except the American notices this or sees the boy place a bo wl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors. The American comes to with a start. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thi ng -- bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. Unit2 Jefferson's courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, an d medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before t hese became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform. Of all Jefferson's many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and ti reless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal…" Unit3 While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. Being very short money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fe aring as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim. However, three days later a letter arrived, asking me to go to Croydon for an i nterview. It proved an awkward journey: a train to Croydon station; a ten-minut e bus ride and then a walk of at least a quarter to feel nervous. Unit 4 As a boy and then as an adult,I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein .He was the only person i knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him .He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this :to understand within his limits as a human being the nature of the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning .He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach .but this did not frustrate him .He was content to go as far as he could.
大学英语精读(1)unit9 answer
III . Vocabulary Activities 1. 1. extremely (very) 2. hazard (danger) 3. pollute (make dirty or unfit use) 4. originally (in the beginning) 5. feasibility (possibility of being carried out) 6. survive (continue to live, esp. after coming close to death) 7. atmosphere (the whole mass of air round the earth) 8. conclusion (belief or opinion which is the result of reasoning) 9. proceed (continue, esp. after an interruption) 10. conference ( a meeting for discussion) 11. billion (a thousand million) 12. humorous (amusing and funny) 2. Fill in the blanks with notice or pay attention to in their correct forms: notice 注意到… 看到… 留心… Have you noticed she wears a very expensive necklace? pay attention to 注意, 将注意力集中到… When you drive a car, you should pay attention to drive the lines? 1) If you had paid attention to what he said, you could have avoided repeating such a bad mistake. 虚拟语气,与过去相反 2) Mr. White didn’t know I was in his office. He was too busy to notice me.
现代大学英语精读Book4-Unit6课文
Book 4-Unit 5 Text A The Telephone Anwar F. Accawi 1.When I was growing up in Magdaluna, a small Lebanese village in the terraced, rocky mountains east of Sidon, time didn't mean much to anybody, except maybe to those who were dying. In those days, there was no real need for a calendar or a watch to keep track of the hours, days, months, and years. We knew what to do and when to do it, just as the Iraqi geese knew when to fly north, driven by the hot wind that blew in from the desert. The only timepiece we had need of then was the sun. It rose and set, and the seasons rolled by and we sowed seed and harvested and ate and played and married our cousins and had babies who got whooping cough and chickenpox—and those children who survived grew up and married their cousins and had babies who got whooping cough and chickenpox. We lived and loved and toiled and died without ever needing to know what year it was, or even the time of day. 2.It wasn't that we had no system for keeping track of time and of the important events in our lives. But ours was a natural or, rather, a divine — calendar, because it was framed by acts of God: earthquakes and droughts and floods and locusts and pestilences. Simple as our calendar was, it worked just fine for us. 3.Take, for example, the birth date of Teta Im Khalil, the oldest woman in Magdaluna and all the surrounding villages. When I asked Grandma, "How old is Teta Im Khalil?" 4.Grandma had to think for a moment; then she said, "I've been told that Teta was born shortly after the big snow that caused the roof on the mayor's house to cave in." 5."And when was that?" I asked. 6."Oh, about the time we had the big earthquake that cracked the wall in the east room." 7.Well, that was enough for me. You couldn't be more accurate than that, now, could you? 8.And that's the way it was in our little village for as far back as anybody could remember. One of the most unusual of the dates was when a whirlwind struck during which fish and oranges fell from the sky. Incredible as it may sound, the story of the fish and oranges was true, because men who would not lie even to save their own souls told and retold that story until it was incorporated into Magdaluna's calendar. 9.The year of the fish-bearing whirlpool was not the last remarkable year. Many others followed in which strange and wonderful things happened. There was, for instance, the year of the drought, when the heavens were shut for months and the spring from which the entire village got its drinking water slowed to a trickle. The spring was about a mile from the village, in a ravine that opened at one end into a small, flat clearing covered with fine gray dust and hard, marble-sized goat droppings. In the year of the drought, that little clearing was always packed full of noisy kids with big brown eyes and sticky hands, and their mothers —sinewy, overworked young women with cracked, brown heels. The children ran around playing tag or hide-and-seek while the women talked, shooed flies, and awaited their turns to fill up their jars with drinking water to bring home to their napping men and wet babies. There were days when we had to wait from sunup until late afternoon just to fill a small clay jar with precious, cool water.
大学英语精读第二册unit8
大学英语精读第三版第二册Book2Unit8答案上海外语教育出版社董亚芬主编 1) decrease 2) outside 3) plus 4) vague 5) hard 6) empty 7) thin 8) fall 9) exclusive 10) clever 11) light 12) present 13) false 14) stale 15) pull 16) at least 17) minor 18) alive/living 19) relatively 20) narrow 1) is on the rise 2) numerous 3) was launched 4) come to no good end/come to bad ends 5) different from 6) go down 7) being hard on/being so hard on the child 8) an indication 9) possess 10) a case in point 1) out of style 2) In the case of 3) overnight 4) on the other hand 5) evidence 6) clue 7) incident 8) corresponding 9) contagious 10) lay in
11) anyway 12) reinforced 13) behavior 1) We think of the Great Wall of China as one of the wonders of the world. 2) Medical scientists have long recognized that heart disease is linked to cigarette smoking. 3) San Francisco and Shanghai are both major seaports and financial centers, but unlike Shanghai, San Francisco is hilly and surrounded by water on three sides. 4) An increase in investments will lead to a corresponding rise in profits in times of rapid economic growth. 5) The size of the prize tempted many people to enter the competition. 6) All the candidates for the position must meet the requirement of successful completion of secondary school. 1) disagreement 2) disadvantage 3) disappear 4) disapprove 5) misbehave 6) discomfort 7) miscount 8) discontented 9) discontinue 10) disclose 11) misdeed 12) misdirect 13) misfortune 14) misguide 15) dishearten 16) dishonor 17) misjudge 18) mislead 19) disobey 20) disorder 21) misprint 22) misspelling 23) mistranslate 24) misunderstanding 1) overpraised 2) overate 3) overwork 4) overcrowded