英国社会与文化期末复习资料
英国概况：
一、填空
1. The full name of the United Kingdom is The United Kingdom of
Great Britain and the Northern Ireland.
2. The island of Great Britain is made up of England , Scotland and
Wales.
3. The United Kingdom has a member of European Union since 1973.
4. Britain is now a Multiracial society which produce a population of
which 1 of 20 are of non-European ethnicity.
5. London plays a significant role in Britain’s economic and cultural
life.It’s not only the financial center of the nation,but also one of the
three major international financial centers in the world.
6. The highest mountain in Britain is Ben Nevis.
7. Thames river flows through central London and it is a very important
river.
8. Edinburg is the capital of Scotland.
9. Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (George Ⅲ) current Union
Flag adopted on Jan.1st ,1801.
10. National Day of UK is officially celebrated in Britain on the 2nd
Saturday of June each year since February 1952.
11. The largest lake in Britain is the Longh Neagh in Northern Ireland
which covers an area of 396 km2.
12. London Eye is the largest Ferris wheel(摩天轮）in Europe.
2、选择
1. The location of UK is the Europe.
A. Eastern
B. Western
C. Southern
D.Northern
2. All the following cities are major deep-water ports of UK , except
.
A. London
B. Liverpool
C. Belfast
D. Edinburgh
3. The national flower of UK is .
A.rose
B.thistle D.daffodil D.shamrock
4. All of the following except for , were tribes from the north who
moved into England in the 400s AD.
A. Angles
B.Saxons
C.Jutes
D.Celts
5. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a .
A. poem about a hero named Beowulf
B.newspaper
C. historical record
D.novel
6. Beowulf is .
A. a long novel
B.a long poem written by Geoffrey Chaucer
C. a long poem by unknown storyteller
D.a long novel written by W.William Shakespeare
7. The Canterbury Tales was written by .
A.Geoffrey Chaucer
B. Thomas Becket
C. Palamon
D.Griselda
8. The frame of The Canterbury Tales is .
A. the pilgrims telling stories on their trips
B.the conflict between the friar and the summoner
C. King Arthur’s court
D.the differences between the knight and the squire
9. The Canterbury Tales is an unusual piece of literature from the
Middle Ages because .
A. It describes the characters’ personalities
B.it includes middle class characters
C. both A and B
D.neither A and B
10. There are stories in The Canterbury Tales.
A. 5
B. 26
C. 15
D. 6
BDADC CAACB
3、简答
1. What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great
Britain, England, the United Kingdom and the British
Commonwealth?
2. Describe the geographical position of Britain?
3. Does Britain have a favorable climate ? Why?
4. What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain？Which
part of Britain has he most rainfall and which part is the driest?
英国教育
填空
1. State Schools are totally funded by the government and free to all
British children.
2. Schooling is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16 years :total
of 11 years in UK.
3. Co-educated Schools admit both boys and girls.
4.All British schools - State & Independent are required to follow
the National Curriculum guide-lines set down by the government.
5.The children begin secondary education at the age of 11 .
6. Grammar schools select the children who get high marks in the “Eleven Plus”examination, or show academic potential.
7.British universities receive funds from the central government .
8.Two characteristics of University of Oxford and Cambridge is College system and Tutorial system .
9. Open University is U.K.’s largest university for part-time higher education.
10.University of London is a federation of colleges.
单选
1. A are funded by the fees charged to the parents.
A. Independent Schools
B.State Schools
C.Co-educated Schools
D.Public Schools
2. Those wishing to gain entry to university must complete an additional
two years of D studies.
A.GCSE
B.SAT
C.Eleven PLus
D.A Level
3. Before primary schooling some chidren have an opportunity to attend
the few kingdergartens,which are called“ C ”.
A. Junior section
B.Infant section
C.Nursery Schools
D.Secondary Schools
4. Academic Year in UK begins in September, and is divided into three
terms, with holidays at B .
A. Christmas, Easter, and in the winter.
B.Christmas, Easter, and in the summer
C.Christmas, Halloween, and in the summer
D.New Year, Easter, and in the summer
5. After 5 years of secondary schooling, at about age 16, the students sit
their C exams.
A. GCEA(General Cetificate of Education-Advanced)
B. GNVQ(General National Vocational Qualifications)
C. GCSE(General Certificate of Secondary Education)
D. A-Level
6. After the students sit their GCSE exams, then they can concentrate on
vocational training, and attend B exams.
A.GCEA(General Cetificate of Education-Advanced)
B.GNVQ(General National Vocational Qualifications)
C.GCSE(General Certificate of Secondary Education)
D.A-Level
7. There is only one privately funded university in UK, that is D .
A. the University of Manchester
B. the University of Cambridge
C. the University of Oxford
D. the University of Buckingham
8. Which one is the oldest university in the English-speaking world? C
A. the University of Manchester
B.the University of Cambridge
C.the University of Oxford
D.the University of Buckingham
9. The amount of funding each university receives is based on D .
A. its size
B. the number of students it teaches
C. the research it conducts
D. All of the above
10. which university is not in Scotland? A
A. the University of York
B.the University of Glasgow
C.the University of Edinburgh
D.the University of Aberdeen
简答
1. What is the purpose of the British education system?
2. What is the difference between Chinese&British Education Systems?
3. What is Open University?
1 UK’s largest university for part-time higher education.
2 It was founded in 1969 and began its first course in 1970.
3 It is open to everybody.
4 Courses are taught through TV,radio,
英国政党：
I.填空
1. In Britian, the citizens aged 18 or over have the right to vote.
2. In Britain, a candidate must be at least 21 or over with the deposit of ￡
500 .
3. The Liberal Demorats is the combination of the Social Democratic Party
and the Liberal Party .
4. Currently the three dominant political parties in UK are the Conservative
party , the Labor Party and the Liberal Democrat .
5. The Party which holds a majority of the seats in parliament forms a
government , with its party leader as Prime Minister .
6. Churchill is the member of Conservative party .
7. The current leader of liberal democratic party is Nick Clegg , who is the
deputy PM.
8. A Hung parliament refers to the condition where no party was able to
command a majority in the House of Commons .
9. The class system does exist in British society , which includes Working-
class , Middle-class , hereditary aristocracy .
10. The majority of recent immigrants are from south Asia —— India ,
Pakistan and Sri Lanka and Caribbean coutries —— Jamaica and
Trinidad .
Ⅱ选择
1. Who has the rights to vote for the Members of Parliament forming the
House of
Commons of the parliament of UK. D
A. lord
B.criminals
C.the legally insame
D.citizens over 18
2. On Tuesday 11 May , Gordon Brown announced his resignation as
Prime Minister ,
marking the end of 13 years of A government.
A. Labour
B. The Conservative party
C. The Liberal Democrat
D.the Libaral Party
3. In 2010 , Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ, who then invited B to form a
government and
become Prime Minister .
A. Cordon Brown
B. David Cameron
C. Nick Clegg
D.Tony Blair
4. Coalition talks began immediately between the Conservatives and C
and
lasted for five days .
A.the Liberal Party
B. Labour Party
C. the Liberal Democrats
D.The Tory
5. A Refers to where no party was able to command a majority in the House of
Commons .
A. hung parliament
B. shadow parliament
C. parliament
D. cabinet
6. The Conservative party was foundedin 1834 out of the old D , which
itself
had been found in 1678 .
A. Labour Party
B. The Liberal
C. Whigs
D.Tony Party
7. She advocated the idea of small government and free-maeket
economics.During her
term as the Prime Minister , she carried out policies to B and to cut tax rates .
A. nationalize the private
B. privatize the nationalized industry
C. Establish the private industry
D.invest the private industry
8. In 1948 ,The Labour government set up the National Health Service to
provide high
quality A for all free .
A. health
B. education
C. transport
D.industry
9. If the government loses a B in the House of Commons , that is , if a
majority of
MPs agree , then it has effectively lost its ability to govern and is forced to resign
and call a general election .
A. First-Past-the-Post
B. “vote of no confidence”
C. Winner-takes-all
D.majority of support
10.The ideal of the liberal Democrats is to C .
A. Provide free welfares
B.cut the taxes
C. giving “power to the people”
D.solve the unemplayment
Ⅲ.简答
1. What are the effects of Immigramts ?
2. What is the meaning of First-Past-the-Post in British election ?
3. What are the main policies of the Conservative Party ?
4. What are the main policies of the Labour Party ?
英国政府：
一、填空
1. The UK still keeps an old fashioned government on the basis of constitutional monarchy .
2. Coronation is a ceremony of crowning a king or queen .
3. Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ has crowned since 1952 .
4. Elizabeth Ⅱ is the current monarch of UK .
5. UK has a democratic government with elected representatives in its parliament .
6. King John of England agreed to sign The Magna Carta , in 1215 , to the demands of his
barons.
7. The members of House of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal .
8. Windsor Castle 32 kilometers (20 miles) west of London on the Thames , has been the
residence of England’s royal family for 900 years .
9. The House of Commons is a democratically elected chamber with elections held at least
every five years .
10. Buckingham Palace in Westminster is the official London residence of the British sovereign
.
11. The Cabinet meets regularly , usually once a week , in one of the rooms in the Prime
Minister’s official residence No.10 Downing street .
12. The House of Commons consists of 651 members elected from the country’s 651
constituencies with Mr. Speaker as the chairman in debates .
2、选择
1. In the United Kingdom , ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of
C .
A.the Lord Chancellor
B. the Monarch
C.the Prime Minister
D.the King
2. During World War Ⅱ,as a war leader , D received massive popular support and led the
country to final victory in 1945 .
A.Harold Wilson
B. Margaret Thatcher
C.Franklin Roosevelt
D.Winston Churchill
3. On accepting D , the age of constitutional monarchy , of a monarchy with powers limited
by Parliament , began.
A.Constitutional Law
B. The Declaration of Independence
C.Civil Law
D.Bill of Rights
4. In Britain , a B is held when a Member of Parliament dies , retires or resigns .
A.civic election
B. by-election
C.popular election
D.general election
5. All of the following , except for D were the most imporant provisions of the Great
Charter .
A.No tax should be made without the approval of the council.
B.No free man should be arrested or imprisoned unless convicted by a jury of his fellow
citizens.
C.Merchants should be permitted to move about freely .
D.The king renounced his crown .
6. Females were allowed to vote in national elections until A .
A.1918
B. 1916
C.1920
D.1896
7. The parliament was a B word for a talking-place .
https://www.360docs.net/doc/319295007.html,tin
B. French
C.Roman
D.Greek
8. Joan of Arc lived during the B century .
A.14th
B. 15th
C.16th
D.17th
9. Joan lived and fought in B .
A.Creece
B.France
C.Rome
D.England
10. As soon as William had been crowned , he began to organize the government of England on
the system that had been so successful in Normandy.This is called C system , and it was
based on the ownership of land.
A.the constitutional
B. capitalist
C.feudal
D.royal
3、简答
1. Compare the government system of UK with that of UA .
2. Describe the power of the queen .
3. What are the functions of parliament？
4. Elaborate the composition of the parliament.
简答题：
概况
1. What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles,
Great Britain,
England, the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth?
2. Describe the geographical position of Britain?
(1)an island country surrounded by four seas
to the south by the English Channel, which separates it from continental Europe
to the east by the North Sea
to the west by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean
(2)located off the northwest coast of Europe ,looking west to America
3.Does Britain have a favorable climate ? Why?
Yes , it does .
a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year
the temperature varies within a small range.
4. What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain？Which
part of
Britain has he most rainfall and which part is the driest?
(1) The surrounding waters tend to balance the seasonal differences by
heating up
the land in winter and cooling it off in summer.
The south-west winds blow over the country all the year round , bringing warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperatures moderate .
The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the British isles and warms them .
(2)
政府
1. Compare the government system of UK with that of UA .
The System of Government in the UK
(1)It is a monarchic 君主政体的 government with the Queen as the head of the
state (constitutional monarchy君主立宪制)
(2)It is a democratic government with elected representatives in its parliament
(Parliamentary Democracy)
(3)It is a unitary government with a strong central government
The System of Govenment in the USA
(1)The United States is federal country with a presidential government .
(2) Federalism联邦制度——the division of the powers of government between
the nation and the state in the United States .
(3)The Separation of Powers ——the separation of powers among the three departments of the Federal Government.
2. Describe the power of the queen .
The power of the queen is nowhere defined as Britain has no written constitution
and many of the rules that govern the system are customs or conventions .
(1)Theoretically , the Queen has all the power :
1 She is the head of the executive branch of government and gives effect to all
laws.
2 She may pardon criminal offenses and cancel punishments .
3 She is the commander指挥官- in-chief of the armed forces .
4 She is the temporal head of the Church of England.
5 She also confers all titles of rank and appoints judges , officers of the
armed
forces , governors, bishops主教and diplomats .
6 She has the power to conclude treaties , to declare war upon and make peace
with other nations .
(2)In practice, the role of the monarchy(symbolic):
1 symbolise the tradition and unity of the British state ;
2 set standards of good citizenship and fimily life ;
3 a confidante知己的女友to the Prime Minister .
3. What are the functions of parliament?
(1)passes laws;
(2)provides the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation;
(3)scrutinizes仔细检查，详审government policy , administration and expenditure;
(4)debates the major issues of the day .
4. Elaborate the composition of the parliament.
(1)the Queen
(2)the House of Lords
(3)the House of Commons
政党
5. What are the effects of Immigrants ?
Positive:increases the variety and interest within English culture; a varied cuisine;
new forms of popular music; different religious beliefs/contributions to society;
Relatively tolerant country
Negative:inequality and discrimination do exist ;depends on the attitude of some of
their white neighbor;view the newcomers as a threat to their way of
living/trouble
in the process of assimilating the immigrants;economically poorer than the white
population
6. What is the meaning of First-Past-the-Post in British election ?
First-Past-the-Post was coined as an analogy类比to house racing
(1)The winner of the race is the first to pass a particular point on the track.
(2)All other runners automatically and completely lose .
(3)The payoff is “winner-takes-all”赢者统吃
(4)The candidate must receive the largest number of votes in their favour wins.
7. What are the main policies of the Conservative Party ?
4. What are the main policies of the Labour Party ?
经济
1. What is “British Disease”?
(1)a term used to characterize Britain’s economic decline after the wars
(2)Britain’s slow growth of productivity, soaring inflation, and large unemployment
2. What causes the relative decline of UK Economy?
(1)heavily into dedt in order o finance the war(selling many accumulated overseas
assest,borrowing large amounts from the US and Canada)
(2)the era of the British Empire was over——decolonnization殖民地独立(losses
of raw material& market)
(3)military expense (until the process of decolonization completed in the 1960s)
文学
4. What does “Byronic Hero” mean ?
The “Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.With immense superiority in his passions and powers , this Byronic hero would shoulder
the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society , and would fight alone
against any type of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral
principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies. The conflict is
usually one of rebellious individuals against outworn social systems and conventions.
5. Comment on Hamlet .
Hamlet is the most popular and controversial tragedy.Shakespeare expresses his
great praise of the noble quality of Prince Hamlet as a representative of humanist
thinkers and his disillusionment with the corrupt and degenerated society in which
he lived.
Hamlet’s revenge is not a personal matter. What troubles him most is the injustice,
conspiracy and betrayal in the wicked society .
Hamlet is tragedy of “blood and thunder”.
教育
1. What is the purpose of the British education system?
2. What is the difference between Chinese&British Education
Systems?
6. What is Open University?
(1)UK’s largest university for part-time higher education.
(2)It was founded in 1969 and began its first course in 1970.
(3)It is open to everybody.
(4)Courses are taught through TV,radio,videos and a network of study centers.