大学英语5 Unit 4-Book 5-s

大学英语5 Unit 4-Book 5-s
大学英语5 Unit 4-Book 5-s

Unit Four TAKE THIS FISH AND LOOK AT IT 一.Language learning

1. enroll: vt, vi put onto the official list; (cause to) enter or join (followed by in / on) (使)成为会员或社员;登记,注册

e.g. He enrolled himself in the army. 他从军了。

The university enrolled five thousand new students this year. 今年这所大学招受了五千新生。

2. entrust: assign the care of; turn over for safekeeping委托(used in the pattern: entrust sth. to sb.; entrust sb. with sth.)

e.g. I entrusted the child to your care.我把孩子托给你照顾。

He entrusted his aides with the task 他把这项任务委托给了他的助手们.

3. commend itself / oneself to sb.: cause to be acceptable or pleasing为...所喜爱,受...欢迎,给...好印象,使...感兴趣

e.g. This book doesn't commend itself to me. 我对这本书没有兴趣。

This TV play does not seem to commend itself to me.

这部电视剧给我的印象似乎不好。

4. look sb. / sth. in the face:meet with a steady look, face bravely or without shamelook sth. in the face勇敢地面对某事物

e.g. I could hardly look her in the face after calling her by the wrong name.

5. discourse:

1) v. make a long formal speech (followed by on / upon) 谈论, 演说

e.g. The scholar discoursed at great length on the poetic style of John Keats.

那位学者详细讲述了约翰·济慈的诗歌风格。

2) n. a series speech or piece of writing about a particular subject演讲, 论述, 论

文, 讲道, 谈话, 谈论

e.g. hold discourse with sb. 与某人谈话

She embarked on(着手, 从事) a discourse about the town’s origin.开始

谈论城市的起源。

6. leave sb. to one’s own devices: allow sb. to deal with problems unaided; to allow to do as one pleases对某人不闻不问, 听任某人自行其是;让某人自己去想办法, 听任某人自行其事:允许某人按自己的意愿做事:

e.g. left the child to her own devices for an hour in the afternoon.

允许孩子在下午有一个小时的自由支配时间

7. part with: give up, give away放弃;舍弃

He could not bear to part with his money. 他舍不得把钱花掉。

She parted with her house before she went abroad. 她出国前把房子卖了。

8. be engaged (up)on / in: be busy doing; occupied with着手(某事), 从事(某事); 正做着, 正忙着

e.g. The work we’re engaged on is a study of heat transfer(传热).

She’s part of a team of scientists who are engaged on cancer research.

9. turn to: start doing or becoming involved with (Here to functions as preposition.) 转向, 变成, 求助于, 致力于, 开始行动

e.g. She turned herself to music. 她致力于音乐

Unsuccessful in mathematics, the student turned to biology.

在数学上一无所成,这个学生转而从事生物学的研究

二. Sentence Comprehension

1. (Line 6-8) To the latter I replied that, while I wished to be well grounded in all departments of zoology, I purposed to devote myself specially to insects.

1) latter:

a. the second of the two people or things just mentioned后者的, 所提到的两个人或两件事中的第二个

We have to decorate the kitchen and the hall –I’d rather do the latter first.

b. near to the end, later较后的, 在时间和序列上更前的;较晚的:

Building of the new library should begin in the latter part of next year.

2) ground: teach sb the main points or rules (of a subject) as a base for further study (ground sb in sth; usually passive) 教以基本知识, 打基础, 使...建立在牢固的基础上

The teacher grounded students in English. 教员给学生打英语基础。

His arguments are well [ill] grounded in facts. 他的立论根据充[不]足。

3) Translation

对最后一个问题我回答说,我希望自己在动物学各个领域都具有一定的基础,但特别想研究昆虫。

2. (Line 9) This seemed t o please him, and with an energetic ―Very well!‖ he reached from a shelf a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol.

——He seemed to be satisfied with my reply and said vigorously ―Very well!‖. Then he took a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol from a shelf. 他听了显然很高兴,劲头十足地说道“很好”(精神饱满地说了一句“好极了”),就伸手从架子上取下一只大瓶子,里面的黄色酒精中浸泡着标本。

句中的a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol 为reach 的宾语,

with an energetic“Very well!”在句中作状语,修饰reached。

3. (Line 25-27) Entomology was a cleaner science than icthyology, but the example of the Professor, who had unhesitatingly plunged to the bottom of the jar to produce the fish, was infectious.

1) Plunge: 投入, 跳进, 陷入

2) produce: To bring forth; exhibit:提出;展示:

reached into a pocket and produced a packet of matches. 手伸进口袋,拿出一盒火柴;

failed to produce an eyewitness to the crime. 无法提供犯罪的目击证人

3) Translation

昆虫学这门科学比鱼类学干净,可教授没半点犹豫就伸手探入瓶底捞出了鱼,他的榜样颇具感染力。

(--此处“昆虫学这门科学比鱼类学干净”相对前面提及:I wished to be well grounded in all departments of zoology, I purposed to devote myself specially to insects. 我希望自己在动物学各个领域都具有一定的基础,但特别想研究昆虫。本来研究昆虫无需大无畏的不怕脏的精神,不过看到教授这样的榜样,我只好也具有不怕脏的大无畏精神啦。)

4.(Line 29)Still I was conscious of a passing feeling of disappointment, for gazing at a fish did not commend itself to an ardent entomologist.

——I was disappointed, because looking at a fish fixedly for a long time did not seem to be interesting and sufficiently competitive for a student who was eager to learn, and the alcohol had a very bad smell. 但我心头还是感到一丝失望,因为盯着看一条鱼实非一位满怀热情的昆虫学家之所爱。

这里的for 是一个并列连词,表示原因,它引导的分句解释“我为什么失望”。

5.(Line 37-39) I dashed the fluid over the fish as if to resuscitate the beast from a fainting fit, and looked with anxiety for a return of the normal sloppy appearance.

我急忙把酒精洒上去,就像是要把它从昏迷中就醒过来似的,急切地等着它回复到平时那湿漉漉的样子。

6. (Line 52) My two hands, my two eyes, and the fish: it seemed a most limited field of study. 只有我的两只手,两只眼睛,还有鱼,这个研究范围似乎太狭窄了。

——it seemed to be a very narrow field of study. 这好象是一个非常狭窄的研究范围。

most 在这里不是最高级,它的意思是“非常”,前面用“a”;study 在这里是“研究”的意思。

7. (Line 54)I began to count the scales in the different rows, until I was convinced that was nonsense.

——I started to count the scales in the different rows, until I believed that was meaningless.我开始数一排一排的鱼鳞,一直数到自己也觉得荒唐。(直到我确信这样做毫无意义。)

Scale:“鱼鳞片”;

that 指上文中数鱼鳞片这件事。

8. (Line 55)At last a happy thought struck me…

——At last I had a good idea…最后我想起了一个好主意。

strike vt.

1) impress; have an effect upon the mind 给予…的印象;引起(感觉,情绪等)

He strikes me to be a difficult person. 他给我的印象是,他是一个不易相处的人。

The plan strikes me ridiculous. 我觉得那计划很可笑。

2) come to the mind of 突然想起

It struck me that we ought to make a new plan. 我忽然想到我们应该制定一个新计划。

An idea suddenly struck me. 我突然想到一个主意。

9. (Line 70 ) and he left me to my misery.

——and then he left me alone to face my suffering.

说着他走了(接着他就不管我了),留下我沮丧不已。

leave 表示“使…保持某一状态”(allow or cause to remain in a certain place or condition),再比如:

The window was left open. 窗户留着没关。

The book left me sad. 那本书让我读得心里难受。

10. (Line 71-73) I was piqued; I was mortified. Still more of that wretched fish! But now I set myself to my task with a will, and discovered one new thing after another, until I saw how just the Professor’s criticism had been.

——But now I began to work hard at my task, and discovered one by one many new the Professor’s criticism had been.

我怒从心生,我深感屈辱。还有看那条该死的鱼!不过,这次我看时憋了一股劲,于是发现了一个又一个的新特征,到最后我明白教授的批评的确有道理。

do sth. with a will: be determined to do sth. 决心做某事

He went to work with a will to qualify himself. 他为获得资格干得很起劲。

She worked with a will to get a high score in GRE. 她下决心要在GRE考试中取得高分。

saw 在本句中是“明白”的意思;

just用作形容词,意为“合理”,“正确”。

11. (Line 81-84) Not only must I think of my fish all night, studying, without the object before me, what this unknown but most visible feature might be, but also, without reviewing my discoveries, I must give an exact account of them the next day.

——I not only must go over the fish in my mind all night, trying to work out its as yet unrevealed but most obvious feature in its absence, but also have to tell my discoveries to the professor the next day without reviewing them.

我不仅得整晚想着这条鱼,要在实物不在眼前的情况下仔细琢磨出那一未知而又极其明显的特征是什么;而且,第二天要在无法重温已经发现的特征的情况下,准确地把那些特征描述出来(上文提及:我憋了一股劲看了一下午,发现了一个又一个的新特征,到最后我明白教授的批评的确有道理。但教授让我现在不用讲,要我明天早上再讲)。

这是“not only…but also…”句型,由于not only 放在句首,该句进行了倒装,must 提到主语“I”之前。

what this unknown but most visible feature might be是studying的宾语从句;the object在这里指the fish;

but 是并列连词,连接并列的unknown 和most visible;

most 在这里意为“非常,极其”;

them 指上文中的my discoveries。

12. (Line 87)Here was a man who seemed to be quite as anxious as I that I should see for myself what he saw.

——Like me, he seemed to be very anxious that I should see by my own efforts what he saw. 眼前这人好象与我的心情一样,急切地希望我能独立地看出他业已观察到的事物。

这是一个as…as…和that从句结合起来的句型,重复的部分已被删掉(was),如:

We are as sure that he can reach the Cape of Good Hope by sailing west as we are sure that he is a sailor. 我们确信他向西航行能到达好望角,就象确信他是一名水手一样。

13. (Line 114)…Agassiz's traning in the method of observing facts and their orderly arrangement was ever accompanied by the urgent exhortation not to be content with them.

---阿加西兹在训练学生观察事务及其有序排列的能力时,始终谆谆告诫大家不能满足于已有的发现。

Exhortation: 劝勉; 告诫

14. (Line 117) Facts are stupid things until brought into connection with some general law."

Stupid: Pointless; worthless: 乏味的:毫无意义的;无价值的:

事实本身意义不大,除非与某种普遍规律联系在一起。

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