30个中国特色表达的官方翻译
30个中国特色表达的官方翻译
九矿社区/编
“四个全面”战略布局、双引擎、新常态、硬骨头、拦路虎、“扶上马、送一程”、中国制造2025、“互联网+”行动计划、有权不可任性……这些看似高大上实则与你密切相关的术语用
英语怎么说？
在选择术语时，遵循了四个基本标准：一是新提法、新表述，比如“‘四个全面’战略布局”；二是富有传播效力的表述，比如“有权不可任性”；三是专业性概念，比如“普惠金融”；四是中国特色的表述，比如“硬骨头”。今天给大家整理了三十个重要术语译文。
1、“四个全面”战略布局
Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy
【释义】全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党。
The Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy is to make comprehensive moves to:
1) finish building a moderately prosperous society;
2) deepen reform;
3) advance the law-based governance of China;
4) strengthen Party self-discipline.
2、“两个一百年”奋斗目标
Two Centenary Goals
【释义】在中国共产党成立一百年时全面建成小康社会，在新中国成立一百年时建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化
国家。
The Two Centenary Goals are: to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the Communist Party of China celebrates its centenary in 2021; and to turn China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced,
and harmonious by the time the People’s Republic of China celebrates its centenary in 2049.
3、三期叠加
simultaneously deal with the slowdown in economic growth, make difficult structural adjustments, and absorb the effects of previous economic stimulus policies
4、双目标
dual objectives
【例】保持中高速增长和迈向中高端水平双目标。
We must focus on achieving the dual objectives of maintaining a medium-high rate of growth and moving toward
a medium-high level of development.
5、双引擎
twin engines
【例】打造大众创业、万众创新和增加公共产品、公共服务双引擎。
We need to develop twin engines – popular entrepreneurship and innovation, and greater supplies of public goods and services – to drive development.
6、新常态
new normal
【例】经济发展进入新常态，精神面貌要有新状态。
China’s economic development has entered a new normal, meaning we must adopt a new mindset.
7、高压态势
tough stance
【例】始终保持反腐高压态势，对腐败分子零容忍、严查处。
Our tough stance on corruption is here to stay; our tolerance for corruption is zero, and anyone guilty of corruption will be dealt with severely.
8、硬骨头
tough issue
【例】啃了不少硬骨头
We tackled many tough issues.
9、拦路虎
tiger in the road
【例】体制机制弊端和结构性矛盾是“拦路虎”。
Institutional and structural problems have become “tigers in the road” holding up development.
10、扶上马、送一程
give (sb) a leg up to get (sb) going
【例】中小微企业大有可为，要扶上马、送一程。
Medium, small, and micro businesses can accomplish great things. We need to give them a leg up to get them going.
11、创客
maker
【例】众多“创客” 脱颖而出。
We have seen great numbers of makers giving expression to their talents.
12、众创空间
maker space
【例】发展众创空间
develop maker spaces
13、中国制造2025
Made in China 2025 strategy
14、“互联网+”行动计划
Internet Plus Action Plan
15、普惠金融
inclusive finance
16、税收法定原则
principle of law-based taxation
17、保持战略定力
maintain strategic focus
18、经济行稳致远
maintain sustainable economic growth
19、强农惠农富农
strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and raise rural living standards
20、健康稳定的大国关系框架
a sound and stable framework for major-country relations
21、为公平竞争搭好舞台
level the playing field for fair competition
22、织密织牢民生保障网
develop a tightly woven and sturdy safety net
23、让更多的金融活水流向实体经济
allow more financial resources to be channeled into the real economy
24、从制造大国转向制造强国
transform China from a manufacturer of quantity to one of quality
25、加强国际传播能力建设
improve our ability to communicate effectively with international audiences
26、结构性减税和普遍性降费
make structural tax reductions and cut fees across the board
27、精准扶贫、精准脱贫
take targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty
28、以释放市场活力对冲经济下行压力
invigorate the market to offset downward economic pressure
29、保基本、兜底线、建机制
build up a basic safety net, ensure there is a cushion in place for those most in need, and make due institutional arrangements
30、有权不可任性
Power is not to be used arbitrarily.
英语背诵美文30篇(翻译)
生而为赢（中文翻译） ——新东方英语背诵美文30篇 目录： ·第一篇：Y outh 青春 ·第二篇：Three Days to See(Excerpts)假如给我三天光明（节选） ·第三篇：Companionship of Books 以书为伴（节选） ·第四篇：If I Rest, I Rust 如果我休息，我就会生锈 ·第五篇：Ambition 抱负 ·第六篇：What I have Lived for 我为何而生 ·第七篇：When Love Beckons Y ou 爱的召唤 ·第八篇：The Road to Success 成功之道 ·第九篇：On Meeting the Celebrated 论见名人 ·第十篇：The 50-Percent Theory of Life 生活理论半对半 ·第十一篇What is Y our Recovery Rate? 你的恢复速率是多少？ ·第十二篇：Clear Y our Mental Space 清理心灵的空间 ·第十三篇：Be Happy 快乐 ·第十四篇：The Goodness of life 生命的美好 ·第十五篇：Facing the Enemies Within 直面内在的敌人 ·第十六篇：Abundance is a Life Style 富足的生活方式 ·第十七篇：Human Life a Poem 人生如诗 ·第十八篇：Solitude 独处 ·第十九篇：Giving Life Meaning 给生命以意义 ·第二十篇：Relish the Moment 品位现在 ·第二十一篇：The Love of Beauty 爱美 ·第二十二篇：The Happy Door 快乐之门 ·第二十三篇：Born to Win 生而为赢 ·第二十四篇：W ork and Pleasure 工作和娱乐 ·第二十五篇：Mirror, Mirror--What do I see镜子,镜子,告诉我 ·第二十六篇：On Motes and Beams 微尘与栋梁 ·第二十七篇：An October Sunrise 十月的日出 ·第二十八篇：To Be or Not to Be 生存还是毁灭 ·第二十九篇：Gettysburg Address 葛底斯堡演说 ·第三十篇：First Inaugural Address(Excerpts) 就职演讲（节选） 1．青春-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 青春不是人生的一个阶段，而是一种心境；青春不是指粉红的面颊、鲜艳的嘴唇、富有弹性的膝盖，而是指坚定的意志、丰富的想象、充沛的情感；青春，它是清新的生命之泉。 青春是一种气质，勇敢胜过怯弱，渴求冒险而不贪图安逸。这样的气息60老者常常有，20青年恰恰无。年岁增添，未必使人垂老；理想不再，终于步入暮年。 岁月悠悠，衰微只及肌肤；热忱抛却，颓废必致灵魂。忧烦、惶恐、自卑，使人心灵扭曲，心灰意冷。 无论60还是16岁，人人心中都怀着对新奇事物的向往，象孩童般对未来充满憧憬，此情永不消退，在生活的游戏中汲取快乐。在你我的内心深处都有一座无线电台，只要它接收到人间和上帝发出的美好、希望、欢乐、勇气和力量的信号，你就会青春永驻。
成人本科学位英语 英汉互译练习及解析
1.我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。 We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. 2. 在建立个人网站前，先问问自己，为什么想要一网站，想要达到的目标是什么。 Before you build a personal site， ask yourself why you want one， and what you want to accomplish. 3. 在造访一个提供网站空间服务的网站时，你会看到种类繁多的方案可供选择，哪一种价位可以给你多少网络空间及多大的传输流量。 When you visit the site of a Web host，you’ll see a wide variety of plans-so much space and so much network traffic for so much money. 4. 典型的网站包括图像、文字及图片，比较精心制作的网站还有动画、影像、声音和其他额外的内容。 Web site typically contain graphics， texts and pictures， while more elaborate ones include animation，video， audio and other extras. 5. 关于网站设计，有许多是很吸引人的，也有许多则令人泄气。 There are many things about Web sites that are appealing and many that are just plain frustrating. 6. Pizza came to the U. S. with Italian immigrants; the first U. S. pizzeria opened in 1905， and pizza became one of the nation’s favourite foods after World War Ⅱ。 It is now popular worldwide. (英译汉)比萨随着意大利移民引进美国;1905年第一家美国比萨店开业了，第二次世界大战后比萨成为全美国最喜爱的食物之一。现在比萨畅销全世界。 1.这架班机正点起飞吧? Is the plane on schedule? 2.准备好机票与登机牌。 Let’s get our tickets and boarding pass ready. 3.如果有退票的，请通知我。 Please notify me if there is any cancellation. 4.请于起飞前一小进到达机场。 Please be at the airport at least one hour before departure? You’ll be late if you don’t arrive in one hour before leaving. 5.我需要提前多少天付款订票? How long in advance of the flight must I pay to confirm the booking? 6. Promises are often like the butterfly， which disappear after beautiful hover。(英译汉) 承诺常常很像蝴蝶，美丽地盘旋然后不见。 1.只要走一下就到了吗? Is it within walking distance? 2.我儿子骑在我肩上看游行。 My son rode pickaback on me to watch the parade. 3.其实我一点都不喜欢我现在的工作。 The fact of the matter is I’m not enjoying my new job at all. 4.他有边吃饭边抽烟那让人讨厌的习惯。 He has the irritating habit of smoking during meals. 5.如果我今早没忘了把油箱加满，我们不会没油的。 If I hadn’t forgotten to fill up the tank this morning，we wouldn’t be out of gas. there any charter flights?(英译汉) 有包机航班吗? 1、A：有什么我可以为您效劳的吗?
全新版大学英语-2-英语短语翻译整理
Unit 1 Ⅰ. Useful Expressions 1. 被系在…上be attached to… 2. 探索行为exploratory behavior 3. 偶尔on occasion 4. 父母的责任parental duties 5. 揭示，阐明throw light on 6. 最终目的an ultimate purpose 7. 要做的动作desired action 8. 所希望的结果desirable outcome 9. 关键critical point 10. 育儿观 value of child rearing 11. 弥补某种错误行为making up for a misdeed 12. 回想起来in retrospect 13. 善意的well-intentioned 14. 前来帮助某人come to sb.’s rescue 15. 极其熟练、温和地with extreme facility and gentleness 16. 适用于apply to 17. 发展到evolve to 18. 发展创造力promote creativity 19. 值得追求的目标worthwhile goals Ⅵ. Sentence Translation 1. But one of the most telling lessons Ellen and I got in the difference between Chinese and American ideas of education came not in the classroom but in the lobby of the Jinling Hotel where we stayed in Nanjing. (=然而，我和艾伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在期间寓居的金陵饭店的大堂。) 2. He probably got as much pleasure out of the sounds the key made as he did those few times when the key actually found its way into the slot. (=他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。) 3. I soon realized that this incident was directly relevant to our assigned tasks in China: to investigate the ways of early childhood education (especially in the arts), and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity. (=我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育（尤其是艺术教育）的方式，揭示了中国人对创造性活动的态度。) 4. 我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。(= With a few exceptions my Chinese colleagues displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel.)
新东方英语背诵美文30篇
·第一篇：Youth 青春 Youth Youth is not a time of life; it's a state of mind; it's not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it's a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it's the freshness of the deep springs of life. Youth means a tempera-mental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for the adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than of grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear ,self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spring back to dust. Whether 60 or 16 ,there is in every human being's heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing childlike appetite of what's next and
工程管理工程造价中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文资料对照外文翻译 Design phase of the project cost management Abstract Project cost management is the basic contents to determine reasonable and effective control of the project cost. Described the current stage of the project cost management situation on the strengthening of the various stages of construction cost management of the importance of and raised a number of key initiatives. Keywords：cost of the construction project cost management status investment decision phase of the design phase of the implementation phase of the cost management in a market economy, Even under the WTO and China's accession to the world community, China's construction industry how to effectively control construction cost of the construction and management of an important component part. However, the current budget for the construction projects - estimate, budget, Super budget accounts for the "super three" is still widespread and that eventually led to a serious loss of control of project investment. Project cost management is the basic contents to determine reasonable and effective control of the project cost. As the project cost to the project runs through the entire process, stage by stage can be divided into Investment Decision stage, the design and implementation phases. The so-called Project Cost effective control is the optimization of the construction plans and design programs on the basis of in the building process at all stages, use of certain methods and measures to reduce the cost of the projects have a reasonable control on the scope and cost of the approved limits.
中考英语翻译-英汉互译专题(含解析)
中考英语翻译-英汉互译（含解析） (后附详细答案) (绝对精品试题，提高实战能力，值得下载打印背诵) 一、翻译 1.翻译下列句子 （1）Daniel needs to________ （改变他的生活方式）now. （2）Do they need to buy ________ （两千克胡萝卜）? （3）The hair clip________ （和我的粉色外套搭配）. I'll take it. （4）I want to buy some presents________ （和Amy的不同）. （5）She always walks a long way to school, so she________ （最需要一双鞋）. （6）They visit houses and ________ （和里面的人玩游戏）. （7）________ （欣赏满月）is not much fun for children. （8）The jeans look quite nice. May I________ （试穿一下）? （9）Some dogs just don’t know ________（怎样取乐）. （10）Apple juice ________ （尝起来好）. 2.我明白了，你是—名老师。 ________ ________ ．You are a teacher． 3.根据汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。 （1）昨天哈利上学迟到了。 Harry ________ school yesterday. (be) （2）王先生因病住院了，他的女儿正在照顾他。 Mr. Wang is ill in hospital and now his daughter ________ him. (take) （3）很多废弃物能变成像纸一样的材料。 Many waste things ________ a paper-like material. (turn)
英语翻译——笔记整理及单词概述
考研翻译重点词汇 Abstract n.摘要，概要，抽象 adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.（使）加快，（使）增速， n.接受速成教育的学生 Account (1)看法,认识 (2)解释,说明 Account for 占…(多大)比重; 解释, 说明 Achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩，达到；完成 Acquire vt.得到，养成，vt 获得；招致，学得（知识等），求得，养成（习惯等），捕获， Action n.作用，动[操]作，行动，机械装置[作用]，（小说等中的）情节 Activity n.活动，活动的事物，活动性，机能，功能 Actually adv.现实的，实际的；目前的；明确的，有效的 Additional adj.增加的，额外的，另外的 Advance vt.&vi.（使）前进，（使）发展；促进， vt.提出 Advantage n.利益，便利，有利方面，有利条件；优点；优势， （网球等）打成平手（deuce ）而延长比赛后一方先得的一分（攻方所得称 advantage in ，守方所得则称 advantage out ） Agree vi.一致；相合同意，赞成约定，允诺，答应，相宜，调和，符合，和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎，差不多，差一点；将近 Amount n.量，数量，数额，总额，总数 vi.合计，共计 An immense amount of … 大量 An amount of … 一些 A certain amount of … 某些 Analogous 与…类似, 与…相似 And 而, 然而 Apply … to … ≈ lie with 存在于,发生于 Approach vt.&vi.接近，走近，靠近； vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理； n.靠近，接近，临近 Appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的； vt.挪用；占用；盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵，辩论； vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明，说服，劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现；出现；发生； vi.起身，起来，起立 As 译为 (1) 像, 如 ; (2) 作为 As … as (比较的两者要一致) = not so … as 译成:“… 和 … 一样 ” As is mentioned above 如上所述, (如上所示,如图所示---作文可以写) Aspect n.方面，方位，朝向 Assert vt.声称，断言，维护，坚持 Assume vt.假设，认定, 臆断，猜想，假装，担，担任，就职 Attempt n.尝试，企图vt.尝试，企图 Augment vt.增加，提高，扩大； n.增加，提高，扩大 Availability n.可用性，有效性，实用性 Base n.基础，底座，基地，根据地 vt.把…建立在，以…为基础 Behavioral adj.动作的，行为方面的 Big bang 大爆炸理论 Branch n.树枝，枝条，支，分科，分系； vi.出枝，树叉 Breakthrough : 突破 Break prison (监狱)越狱 Break out v. 爆发 Out break: n. 爆发
英语背诵美文30篇(附中文翻译)
生而为赢——英语背诵美文30 篇 目录： ·第一篇：Youth 青春 ·第二篇： Three Days to See(Excerpts)假如给我三天光明（节选） ·第三篇：Companionship of Books 以书为伴（节选） ·第四篇：If I Rest, I Rust 如果我休息，我就会生锈 ·第五篇：Ambition 抱负 ·第六篇：What I have Lived for 我为何而生 ·第七篇：When Love Beckons You 爱的召唤 ·第八篇：The Road to Success 成功之道 ·第九篇：On Meeting the Celebrated 论见名人 ·第十篇：The 50-Percent Theory of Life 生活理论半对半 ·第十一篇：What is Your Recovery Rate? 你的恢复速率是多少？ ·第十二篇：Clear Your Mental Space 清理心灵的空间 ·第十三篇：Be Happy 快乐 ·第十四篇：The Goodness of life 生命的美好 ·第十五篇：Facing the Enemies Within 直面内在的敌人 ·第十六篇：Abundance is a Life Style 富足的生活方式 ·第十七篇：Human Life a Poem 人生如诗 ·第十八篇：Solitude 独处 ·第十九篇：Giving Life Meaning 给生命以意义 2 ·第二十篇：Relish the Moment 品位现在 ·第二十一篇：The Love of Beauty 爱美 ·第二十二篇：The Happy Door 快乐之门 ·第二十三篇：Born to Win 生而为赢 ·第二十四篇：Work and Pleasure 工作和娱乐 ·第二十五篇：Mirror, Mirror--What do I see 镜子,镜子,告诉我 ·第二十六篇：On Motes and Beams 微尘与栋梁 ·第二十七篇：An October Sunrise 十月的日出 ·第二十八篇：To Be or Not to Be 生存还是毁灭 ·第二十九篇：Gettysburg Address 葛底斯堡演说 ·第三十篇：First Inaugural Address(Excerpts) 就职演讲（节选） ·第三篇：Companionship of Books 以书为伴（节选） Companionship of Books A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and
英语四级翻译整理
【翻译原文】 自上世纪90年代后期起，七夕节(the Double SeventhFestival )开始被称为“中国的情人节”。这个节日可以追溯到汉朝，当时对恋人、女孩都是个特殊的日子。这天，女孩会举行仪式，向织女(Zhinv)乞求智慧、技艺和美满婚姻，所以七夕节还被称为“乞巧节(the Begging for SkillsFestival)”。如今，一些传统习俗已经弱化。人们现在把七夕节当作浪漫的情人节来庆祝，尤其是在年轻人中间。 【参考译文】 The Double Seventh Festival has been called ChineseValentine's Day since the late 1990s. The festival canbe traced back to the Han Dynasty. It was then aspecial day not only for lovers, but also for girls.Girls would hold a ceremony to beg Zhinv forwisdom, skills and a satisfying marriage. So it is also called “the Begging for Skills Festival”.Today some traditional customs have been weakened. Now the festival is celebrated as aromantic valentine's day, particularly among young people. 【翻译原文】 腊八节(the Laba Festival)在农历最后一个月的第八天庆祝，标志着春节庆祝活动的开始。“腊”指“腊月(the 12thlunar month)”，是农历第十二个月，“八”指的是数字8。腊八节通常在1月中旬。大多数汉族人遵循腊八节喝腊八粥(Laba rice porridge)的习俗。腊八粥最早在宋朝传入中国。据史料记载，一些大型寺庙会为穷人提供腊八粥来表达对佛祖(Buddha)的虔诚。明朝时，腊八粥成为皇帝在此节日赏赐群臣的神圣食物。 【参考译文】 Laba Festival is celebrated on the eighth day of thelast lunar month, marking the beginning ofcelebrating the Chinese Spring Festival. La means the12th lunar month and ba means the number eight.The date usually falls in mid-January. The majorityof people from Han nationality has followed the tradition of eating Laba rice porridge on theLaba Festival. Laba rice porridge was first introduced to China in the Song Dynasty. Accordingto historical records, some large temples would offer the poor Laba rice porridge to show theirfaith to Buddha. In the Ming Dynasty, it became a holy food that emperors would use to awardtheir officials on the festival. 【翻译原文】 早在公元前200年中国人就开始食用面条，它在中国饮食中占据重要的地位，种类繁多，如鸡蛋面、米粉(rice noodles)，绿豆(mung bean )面和小麦面。在中国北方地区，小麦面条作为主食(staple food)比人米吃得多。米粉则在南方地区更普遍。中国面条有不同的宽度和厚度，似通常都较长，因为中国人认为这象征着长寿，因此面条经常出现在生日庆祝活动中，被称为长寿面(longevity noodles)。 【参考译文】 Noodles were eaten by Chinese as early as 200 BCand occupy an important position in Chinese food.It has many kinds, such as egg noodles, ricenoodles, mung bean noodles and wheat noodles. Inthe northern regions of China, wheat noodles arethe staple food and eaten more than rice. Rice noodles are more commonly consumed insouthern China. Chinese noodles are of varying width and thickness, but they are usually longbecause they
新东方英语背诵美文第30篇
Youth Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life. Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust. Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing appetite for wh at’s next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart, there is a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from man and from the infinite, so long as you are young. When your aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you’ve grown old, even at 20; but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there’s hope you may die young at 80. 译文： 青春 青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙热的恋情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。 青春气贯长虹，勇锐盖过怯弱，进取压倒苟安。如此锐气，二十后生而有之，六旬男子则更多见。年岁有加，并非垂老，理想丢弃，方堕暮年。 岁月悠悠，衰微只及肌肤；热忱抛却，颓废必致灵魂。忧烦，惶恐，丧失自信，定使心灵扭曲，意气如灰。 无论年届花甲，拟或二八芳龄，心中皆有生命之欢乐，奇迹之诱惑，孩童般天真久盛不衰。人人心中皆有一台天线，只要你从天上人间接受美好、希望、欢乐、勇气和力量的信号，你就青春永驻，风华常存。、
工程管理专业英语翻译(第二版)徐勇戈
U2-S1什么是项目管理？ 建筑项目管理不仅需要对设计和实施过程有所理解，而且需要现代管理知识。建设项目有一组明确的目标和约束，比如竣工日期。尽管相关的技术、组织机构或流程会有所不同，但建设项目同其他一些如航天、医药和能源等准等领域的项目在管理上仍然有共同之处。 一般来说，项目管理和以项目任务为导向的企业宏观管理不同，待项目任务的完成后，项目组织通常也会随之终止。（美国）项目管理学会对项目管理学科有如下定义：项目管理是一门指导和协调人力物力资源的艺术，在项目整个生命周期，应用现代管理技术完成预定的规模、成本、时间、质量和参与满意度目标。 与此形成对照，一般的工商企业管理更广泛地着眼于业务的更加连贯性和连续性。然而，由于这两者之间有足够的相似和差异，使得现代管理技术开发宏观管理可以用于项目管理。 项目管理框架的基本要素可以用图2-1表示。其中，应用宏观管理知识和熟悉项目相关知识领域是不可或缺的。辅助性学科如计算机科学和决策科学也会发挥重要作用。实际上，现代管理实践与各专业知识领域已经吸收应用了各种不同的技术和工具，而这些技术和工具曾一度仅仅被视作属于辅助学科领域。例如，计算机信息系统和决策支持系统是目前常见的宏观管理工具。同样，许多像线性规划和网络分析这样的运算研究工具，现在广泛应用在许多知识和应用领域。因此，图2- 1反映了项目管理框架演变的唯一来源。 具体来说，建设项目管理包含一组目标，该目标可能通过实施一系列服从资源约束的运作来实现。在规模、成本、时间和质量的既定目标与人力、物力和财力资源限制之间存在着潜在冲突。这些冲突应该在项目开始时通过必要的权衡和建立新备选方案来解决。另外，施工项目管理的功能通常包括以下: 1. 项目目标和计划说明书中包括规模、预算安排、进度安排、设置性能需求和项目参与者的界定。 2. 根据规定的进度和规划，通过对劳动力、材料和设备的采购使资源的有效利用最大化。 3. 在项目全过程中，通过对计划、设计、估算、合同和施工的适当协调控制来实施项目各项运作。 4. 设立有效的沟通机制来解决不同参与方之间的冲突。 项目管理学会聚焦九个不同独特领域，这些领域需要项目经理所具有的知识和关注度： 1. 项目宏观管理，确保项目要素有效协调。 2. 项目范围管理，确保所需的所有工作（并且只有所需的工作）。 3. 项目时间管理，提供有效的项目进度。 4. 项目成本管理，确定所需资源和维持预算控制。 5. 项目质量管理，确保满足功能需求。 6 . 项目人力资源管理，有效地开发和聘用项目人员。 7 . 项目沟通管理，确保有效的内部和外部通信。 8. 项目风险管理，分析和规避潜在风险。 9. 项目采购管理，从外部获得必要资源。
英语句子翻译整理范文
句子 1. ①It's an important matter. ②The article is full of matter. ③It is a matter of no laughing. ④After turning back from the post office, he had brought a lot of printed matter. 翻译： ①这事很要紧。 ②这篇文章内容丰富。 ③这个问题可不是开玩笑 ④从邮局回来后，他带回来一大堆印刷品。 2.①Modern communication facilities were equipped in each fishing boat, so the fishermen could get in touch with each other at any place. ②Regulations regarding the handing of hazardous wastes have become more stringent and complex. Facilities can no longer ignore their wastes. ③All the facilities in this lab should not be taken out without permission. ④The site ideally should have sufficient lands to provide a buffer zone between the facility and the public surrounding it.
(完整)小学三四年级诵读美文30篇
一、国学篇 1.学而时习之 学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦说乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？ 2.吾日三省吾身 吾日三省吾身：为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？ 3.吾十有五志于学 吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。 4.敏而好学 敏而好学，不耻下问，是以谓之“文”也。 5.知者乐水，仁者乐山 知者乐水，仁者乐山。知者动，仁者静。知者乐，仁者寿。 6.富贵不能淫 富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈，此之谓大丈夫。 7.推恩及人 老吾老，以及人之老；幼吾幼，以及人之幼。天下可运于掌。 8.天将降大任于是人 天将降大任于是人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。 9.在正其心 心不在焉，视而不见，听而不闻，食而不知其味。此谓修身在正其心。
10.人一己百 人一能之，己百之；人十能之，己千之。果能此道矣，虽愚必明，虽柔必强。 二、古诗词篇 峨眉山月歌 （唐）李白 峨眉山月半轮秋，影入平羌江水流。 夜发清溪向三峡，思君不见下渝州。 枫桥夜泊（张继） 月落乌啼霜满天，江枫渔火对愁眠。 姑苏城外寒山寺，夜半钟声到客船。 晓出净慈寺送林子方（杨万里） 毕竟西湖六月中，风光不与四时同。 接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红。 夜书所见（叶绍翁） 萧萧梧叶送寒声，江上秋风动客情。
知有儿童挑促织，夜深篱落一灯明。 望岳杜甫 岱宗夫如何，齐鲁青未了。 造化钟神秀，阴阳割昏晓。 荡胸生层云，决眦入归鸟。 会当凌绝顶，一览众山小。 江畔独步寻花·其一 唐杜甫 黄四娘家花满蹊，千朵万朵压枝低。留连戏蝶时时舞，自在娇莺恰恰啼。 江畔独步寻花·其二 唐杜甫 黄师塔前江水东，春光懒困倚微风。桃花一簇开无主，可爱深红爱浅红？ 游园不值 宋叶绍翁
工程管理专业英语全文翻译
工程管理专业英语全文翻译 Unit 1 the owner’s perspective 第1单元业主的观点 1.2 Major Types of Construction 1.2大建筑类型 Since most owners are generally interested in acquiring only a specific type of constructed facility, they should be aware of the common industrial practices for the type of construction pertinent to them [1]. Likewise, the construction industry is a conglomeration of quite diverse segments and products. Some owners may procure a constructed facility only once in a long while and tend to look for short term advantages. However ,many owners require periodic acquisition of new facilities and/or rehabilitation of existing facilities. It is to their advantage to keep the construction industry healthy and productive. Collectively, the owners have more power to influence the construction industry than they realize because, by their individual actions, they can provide incentives for innovation, efficiency and quality in construction [2]. It is to the interest of all parties that the owners take an active interest in the construction and exercise beneficial influence on the performance of the industry.由于大多数业主通常只对获得特定类型的建筑设施感兴趣，所以他们应该了解与他们有关的建筑类型的常见工业实践[1]。同样，建筑行业是一个相当多样化的部门和产品的集团。一 些业主可能会长时间采购建筑设施一次，并倾向于寻找短期优势。然而，许多业主需要定期收购新设施和/或修复现有设施。保持建筑业的健康和生产力是有利的。 总的来说，业主对施工行业的影响力比他们意识到的要大，因为他们可以通过个人