2017年考研英语如何避免翻译错误

2017年考研英语如何避免翻译错误
2017年考研英语如何避免翻译错误

2017年考研英语如何避免翻译错误

翻译的过程大致分为三步:理解、表达与校正。理解指对原文的理解,主要是指首先找到要翻译句子的主谓结构,看看这句话主要讲什么,然后再找出句子的其他成分,如定语、宾语、状语等。表达是指把原文分析后,用译文表达。校正就是在完成了表达之后,对照原文进行检查,看看所选词义是否符合上下文,原文要表达的意思有没有表达错误,汉语的译文中意义上是否与原文对等,译文有没有译者增加的不是原文作者的意思,或者译者删减,丢失了原文作者要表达的意思。

理解原文是翻译最关键、最易出问题的一步。译文的模糊不清很多时候是源于译者对原文理解得不透彻、不仔细。理由可以从以下几个方面来考虑:

(1)搞清句子结构,辨别主语和谓语。抓住了句子的主干,各部分之间的从属关系也就看得比较清楚,有益于从整体把握句子。

(2)理解虚拟语气。虚拟语气是英语特有的一种表达方式,它包括对现在、未来、过去的假设,在英语中有多种表现,译成汉语时一定要弄清它的对象和范围,尽量把虚拟的意思传达出来。

(3)搞清楚关系。句中如果有代词,应根据上下文找出其所指代的内容,并将其准确地翻译出来。

(4)明白否定的方式。英语思维的特点也表现在它对否定式的用法上,中国读者往往容易在这里产生错误。例如 All that glitters is not gold.(发光的未必都是金子)在这里是以全部否定的形式来表达部分否定的事实。英语也用双重否定表示肯定,这种现象英语中常见,汉语中并不常见,翻译时需要多加注意。

(5)一词多义。一词多义是很常见的现象。判断词义一定要根据上下文确定其具体的义,不能因为是过去认识的词便不加深究,便草率地按以前的理解翻译而产生错误。如Don‘t worry about preparations for this year’s July Fourth parade. Everything is in apple pie order.(别担心今年国庆日游行的准备事宜,样样东西都弄妥当了)如按通常的理解以为apple是“苹果”的意思,就出错了。

(6)注意英国英语和美国英语的不同。英美语言之间有很多差异,比如 英国英语中continent指欧洲大陆,而在美语中,continent却指美洲大陆 又如 英语中homely是“家常的、朴素的”的意思,并无贬义,在美语中却是“不漂亮的”。所以翻译时一定要搞清文章是英语作者还是美国作者写的。

(7)成语。成语具有约定俗成的特点,属于语言中较难理解的部分。英语的某些成语具有形象思维的特点,可以和汉语相吻合,比如 Strike the iron as it is hot.(趁热打铁)但有一个成语的含义与我们的理解大相径庭,如 Claw me and I will claw thee.(互相吹捧)所以翻译时一定要小心。

(8)语意的褒贬与轻重。翻译时还要注意词语的感情色彩,即它是褒、是贬,还是中性。这种感情色彩往往表明了作者的主观态度,好恶与爱憎。把握住它对于正确、传神的翻译是非常必要的。有时单凭个别词是难以判断的,还要根据上下文来判断,因为为达到讽刺的目的,作者可能正话反说或反话正说。

(9)注意文章的语体色彩。如果是专业文章,那么术语一定很多,叙述也较客观,少有个人色彩,翻译时应多选用正式的词语。如果是一般的叙述,则可能日常用语较多,小词和短语较多。翻译时也要注意这一点,以此来确定词语的选择。

(10)留心文化背景。中西文化的差异非常明显。比如,中国的亲戚划分非常仔细,而英

文中的cousin一词对应的中文可以是表(堂)兄弟(姐妹),可以有八个词义之多。

只要同学们肯坚信自己的努力,遵循这些方法,耐心认真地复习,就会守得云开见月明,深切体会到考研这部大戏的圆满结局了。

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年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc

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Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the u nconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯,我们的大脑是自动运转的,轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择,而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”,这是威廉?华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)19世纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪,甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。因此,在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯,似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现,当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候,我们创建了平行路径,甚至是全新的脑细胞,可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但是,不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯;一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑,它们就会留在那里。相反,我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Th inking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possib ilities.”

2017年考研英语一真题-高清版含答案

2017年考研英语一真题-高清版含答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding “yes!”1helping you feel close and2to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a3of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you4getting sick this winter. In a recent study5over400healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6the participants’susceptibility to developing the common cold after being7to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come8with a cold,and the researchers9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10about 32percent of that beneficial effect.11among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12. “Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13risk for colds that’s usually14with stress,”notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps15the feeling that others are there to help16difficulty.” Some experts17the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often called“the bonding hormone”18it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it19in the brain,where it20mood,behavior and physiology.

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