专八改错+练习

Proof-reading & Error-correction:

Each of the following passages contains ten errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:

For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank

provided at the end of the line.

For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "^" sign and write the

word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the

end of the line.

For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the

blank provided at the end of the line.

EXAMPLE

When ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an

it (never/) buys things in finished form and hangs(2) never

them on the wall. When a natural history museum

wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) ___exhibit

Error-correction Exercise 1

English teachers hear ―he‖ and ―she‖ misused on a daily

basis. Small mistakes often make simple

exchanges comical, and sometimes frustrating. Learning

to communicate a foreign language can be exciting or 1____________ just daunting. Fortunately, public education in Japan

provides a wonderful introduction with the English language. 2____________ Speaking, listening, reading, and writing are considered to

be the four language skills need to communicate in English. 3____________ The receptive skills, reading and listening, are often easier

to acquire than their receptive counterparts, writing and

speaking, which is the productive skills. But Japan is a 4____________ special case. Grade school students spend hours diligently on 5____________ mastering grammar, studying vocabulary and composing lengthy

compositions, but rarely have the opportunity to highly develop

their conversational skills. Thus, many people here in Japan have

reading and writing skills far superior than their unpracticed 6____________ oral skills. ―I s imple cannot express myself. I understand what

I read and hear, and I cannot communicate the thoughts I have,‖7____________

a common cry heard from students in Japan. It is our belief

that students are much more motivated to learn English

when they interested in the subject matter. 8____________

1

In order to create a comfortable and entertaining

environment, teachers catch up with games, or activities 9____________ that stimulate a situation where English might be useful

for those specific students. Teachers mole each class to

the students present. While at dinner together or while

visiting a scenic area, students should discover new 10___________ vocabulary words and practice speaking in realistic

social situation rather than a classroom.

Error-correction Exercise 2

Farmers are notorious for complaining about the climate: 1____________ too cold, too hot, too rainy. Now that they have the ultimate 2____________ moan--- too good. A nice mix of sun and rain is suiting their

maize and soybean fields too well that they face the prospect 3____________ of glut. The too good weather has already depressed prices on

the Chicago commodity markets. So are recent crop reports 4____________ which show that farmers have planted more maize and soybean

this season than economists had bargained for. Only

livestock farmers are nor grumbling. For them cheap

crops translate into lower feed prices--- and fatter cattles, 5____________ pigs, chickens and profits.

In normal circumstances farmers’ organizations

would have hoped of higher support prices from Washington.

But circumstances are far from normality. The federal budget 6____________ deficit has put such a crimp on farm subsidies that members

of the Congress’ agricultural commit tees say they are 7____________ finding it next to impossible to provide extra help.

This has not stopped farmers from trying. Disaster

relief is in the legislative works for had-hit in various states, 8____________ led by California, citrus and vegetable crops are devastated 9____________ by a freeze last winter. Determined efforts are also under way

to improve the lot of diary farmers, particularly those with such 10___________ uneconomically small herds of cows. They lose money on

every gallon of milk they send to market.

Error-correction Exercise 3

Protection from danger has also influenced the type

of house man builds. While enemies threatened him, 1____________ man made his house as accessible as possible. The 2____________ tree-dwellers of the Philippines protected themselves by

living high up the ground. When danger threatened, they 3____________ move the ladders leading to their homes. And in the 4____________ southwest America the cliffs dwellers built their homes 5____________ high on the sides of cliffs, where access was very difficult.

Nomad tribes must move from place to place,

take care of sheep that are always in need of fresh grass. 6____________ their houses must be simple and easy to transport. This

nomads of central Asia have developed a house made

out of framework of poles covered with felt. The house 7____________ is round because the framework is curved. The poles are

fastened together at the top by a wooden ring, and there is 8____________ a hole at the top let the some out.

In Europe there are few wooden houses being built

Today. This is partly because wood is no longer as plentiful

As it once was, and partly because wooden houses are

not quite inflammable. On the other hand, there are many 9____________ wooden houses in America. This is because the first settlers

wanted to build houses quickly and expensively. Since 10___________ the country was covered in many places with forests.

Some trees had to be cut down to make room for houses.

Error-correction Exercise 4

Halloween’s origin dated back t o the ancient Celtic 1____________ festival of Samhain (pronouncing sow-in). The Celts, 2____________ who lived 2,000 years ago in the area that is now Ireland,

United Kingdom, and northern France, celebrated its new 3____________ year on November 1. This day marked the end of

summer and the harvest and the beginning of the dark,

cold winter, a time of year that was often associated

with human death. Celts believed that at the night 4____________ before the new year, the boundary between the worlds

of the live and the dead became blurred. On the night 5____________ of October 31, they celebrated Samhain, it was believed 6____________ that the ghosts of the dead returned to earth. In addition

to causing trouble and damaging crops, Celts thought

that the presence of the otherworldly spirits made easier 7____________ for the Druids, or Celts priests, to make predictions

about the future. For a people entirely dependent on

the volatile natural world, these prophecies were an

important source of comfort and direction during the

long dark winter.

To commemorate the event, Druids built

sacred bonfires, which the people gather to burn 8____________ crops and animals as sacrifices to the Celtic deities.

During the celebration, the Celts wore costumes,

typically consisting of animal heads and skins, and

attempted to assume each other’s fortunes. When 9____________ the celebration was over, they lit their hearth fires, 10___________ which they had extinguished earlier that evening,

from the sacred bonfire to help protect them during

the coming winter.

Error-correction Exercise 5

Even as headlines scream about $50 a barrel oil, energy firms

and their investors are becoming increasingly excited about its

likeliest replace: not wind nor wave nor solar power, but 1______________ gas—or, to be precise, gas that is frozen and transported as liquefying 2______________ natural gas (LNG). This is expected to become as ubiquitous and

crucial to the global economy as petroleum is today. Scenario planners

at Royal Dutch/Shell think that gas may surpass oil for the world's most 3_____________ important energy source by 2025.

While oil became increasingly important during the past century,

for much of that period natural gas was seen as its ugly stepsister:

burnt off or ―stranded‖ when discovered by accident, but rarely sought 4_____________ after. Demand for gas has taken off in recent years, thanking chiefly to its 5_____________ greenness—it burns far cleaner than oil or coal, making it ideal for new

power plants from California to China. And burning gas is much little 6_____________ carbon-intensive than burning coal—making it helpful less easy to 7_____________ blame for global warming.

Until recently, the development of a global gas market has hindered 8_____________ by one inconvenient fact. Gas is, by definition, gaseous at room temperature;

oil is a liquid that can easily be transported. Gas traditionally needed elaborate

systems of pipelines to get from the wellhead to the customer. That meant 9_____________ it was typically used fairly close to which it was produced, shipped at great 10____________ expense via pipeline—or, more often, simply wasted.

Error-correction Exercise 6

The pioneering launch of 3G services at the end of 2001 in Japan and

South Korea, the world's two most advanced mobile markets, did little

to lightening the mood. In both countries, operators were using 3G technologies 1___________ different from the W-CDMA standard (which is also known as UMTS)

being adopted in Europe. An unproving technology, W-CDMA was plagued 2___________ by teething troubles: base-stations and handsets from different vendors

would work together reliably, and early handsets were bulky and 3___________ temperamental. Operators postponed the launch of 3G services from

2002 to 2003 and then to 2004, and a handful chose to launch sometimes 4___________ shaky 3G services earlier.

Y et now, at last, the 3G bandwagon is starting to roll. According to

figures from Deutsche Bank, there were 16 commercial 3G network 5___________ worldwide at the beginning of the year, and there will be around 60

by the end of the year. Matti Alahuhta, head of strategy at Nokia,

the world's largest handset-maker, says the second half of 2004 will

be seen as ―the starting point for the global acceleration of 3G‖.

Nokia and many handset-makers have high hopes for the Christmas 6___________ market. The early, brick-like W-CDMA handsets have given away to 7___________ much smaller, sleeker models. In Japan and Korea, sales of 3G handsets

are booming. Even in America, that wireless laggard, 3G services have

been launched in several cities, and the country's largest operators have

committed themselves to build 3G networks. 8___________ Having swung too far towards pessimism, the industry is now becoming

cautiously optimistic about 3G, says Tony Thornley, the president of

Qualcomm, the firm that pioneered the technology that underpins all

of the various technological flavours of 3G. Qualcomm has announced

that it is having trouble to meet demand for W-CDMA radio chips. 9___________ ―As we get very near to seeing these things become a reality, we

become more optimistic about that 3G can deliver,‖ says Peter Bamford 10___________ of V odafone, the world's largest mobile operator. So now that it is finally

happening, how does the reality of 3G stack up against the original vision?

Error-correction Exercise 7

Many a successful company have faltered after the departure of its 1___________ charismatic founder. On the surface, the media and financial-information

firm that Michael Bloomberg built is still thriving despising his sudden 2__________ career shift in 2002, when the billionaire left to become mayor of New Y ork.

The story of how Bloomberg trounced Reuters, a British company that

used to dominating the market, is an oft-cited business classic—thanks not 3___________ least to Mr Bloomberg's own self-congratulation but insightful telling of it 4___________ in a book, ―Bloomberg by Bloomberg‖. Yet there are signs that all is not

well. Mr Bloomberg's exit is proving a big loss for the firm's risk-taking

and unusual tough corporate culture (which the mayor is now trying to 5___________ replicate in New Y ork's traditionally flabby City Hall). Maintain 6___________ growth at the firm in the longer term could be difficult.

Mr Bloomberg's great innovation, in the early 1980s, was to put historic

and current price data for bonds and shares together with analytic tools

into a desktop terminal sold to financial firms that it was easy to use and 7___________

backed by exceptionally customer service. He spotted this opportunity 8___________ while worked at Salomon Brothers, then the most aggressive firm on 9___________ Wall Street. He then went on to set up Bloomberg News, a global service

that, with Bloomberg TV, radio and a group of finance magazines, give 10__________ the firm stature (if not much revenue, as yet) well beyond the financial

markets.

Error-correction Exercise 8

Adidas may be upset that the star Australian Olympic swimmer

whom it sponsors, Ian ―the Thorpedo‖ Thorpe, has cast doubt to the 1____________ firm's claims that its new swimsuits ―help you swim faster‖. Mr Thorpe

reckons that most of the recent advances in swimsuits have been ―visible‖. 2____________ But several top sporting-goods brands have a different reason to fret. 3____________ The shirts and shoes they make for athletes are the target of perhaps the

biggest-ever crusade against sweatshops. The Play Fair at the Olympics

Campaign was launched off jointly in March by Oxfam, Global Unions, 4____________ an international confederation of trade unions, and the Clean Clothes

Campaign. It juxtaposes the ideals of the Olympics with the realities

of the sportswear industry. And big brands such as Puma and Umbro

are starting to sweat.

A report by the campaigners describes labour problems allegedly rising5____________ from the industry's long and wound supply chains. Big companies 6____________ outsource manufacturing through contractors, then subcontractors,

and fierce retail competition translates into a squeeze on factories in

Bulgaria, China, Indonesia or wherever. Deadlines are tighter, and

sportswear retail prices have slid at 5-10% in the past five years. 7____________ Y et the big-brand companies still claim to have proper codes of

conduct for labour practices. Seven-day weeks and 18-hour days?

Oh, those are the suppliers' fault.

In the general sweat of the clothing industry, why target sportswear?

Because it has few globally known companies with big market shares. 8_____________ The biggest, Nike, Adidas and Reebok, which together have nearly

15% of the $58 billion market, have already ―named and shamed‖. 9_____________ After the anti-sweatshop campaigns of the late 1990s, all three joined

the Fair Labour Association, which sends inspectors, unannounced for, 10____________ to check on working conditions in factories.

Error-correction Exercise 9

Japan's unproductive service industries are holding back its improving

economy for achieving even better performance. For a country 1______________

that boasts some of the best manufacturers in the world, Japan's

service sector remains striking poor. In recent years precious 2______________ little has been done to improve things —businesses and individual

consumers must struggle with outdated and efficient services. 3______________ Y et the sector represents a huge opportunity for Japan. Reformed

and galvanised, it could take up the slack of future economic slowdowns

and lessen the burden on export-leading manufacturing. Why are service 4______________ industries so backward and what might be done to improve them?

For more than a decade after a financial crisis in 1989 plunged

once-booming Japan at a long period of slow growth, weak companies 5______________ and wobbly banks clinging to each other in mutual defiance of reality. 6______________ Troubled borrowers needed the banks to overlook their problems and

keep openly the flow of money; the banks, too short of capital to admit 7______________ that their loans had soured, obliged. Over time, this led to the emergence

of so-called ―zombies‖—companies that are competitively dead, but,

sustain by their banks, continue to walk the Earth and give healthier 8_____________ firms nightmares. And zombies are most prevalent in the service

sectors of the economy, especially construction, property and wholesale

and retail distribution.

The unholy alliance between zombies and banks has proved one of

the most during, distorting and debilitating compacts in modern 9_____________ economic history. It has set Japan apart from other countries striking 10_____________ with financial crises and greatly prolonged its economic suffering.

Lately, however, there are signs that things are changing.

Error-correction Exercise 10

Anyone who opens a current account at a bank

he is lending the bank money, repayment of which he 1_____________ may demand at any time, either cash or by drawing a 2_____________ check in favor of another person. Primarily, the banker-

customer relationship which is of debtor and creditor—3_____________ which is depending on whether the customer’s

simple account is in credit or is overdrawn. But, in

addition on that basically simple concept, the bank and 4_____________ its customer owe a large number of obligations to one

and another. Many of these obligations give rise to problems 5_____________ and complications, but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer

of goods, cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.

The bank must obey its customer’s instructions, and not

those of anyone else. When, for example, a customer

first opens an account, he instructs the bank to enter its

count only in respect of checks drawn by himself. 6_____________

He gives the bank specimens of his signature, and there

is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or obligation

to pay out a customer’s money on a check on which

its customer’s signature has forged. It makes no difference 7_____________ that the signature maybe a very skillful one: the bank must 8_____________ recognize its customer’s signature. For this reason there

are no risk to the customer in the modern practice, adopted 9_____________ by some banks, of printing the customer’s name on his

check.. If this facilitates forgery, this is the bank which will 10____________ lose, not the customer.

Error-correction Exercise 11

Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert with 1 __________ the skill of pronouncing his own language; but few people are even

moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many

reasons this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest 2 __________ that the fundamental reason which people in general do not speak 3___________ foreign languages very much better than they do are that they never 4___________ fail grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, 5 __________ and consequently never set to tackling it in the right way. Far 6 __________ too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language

is a skill--- one needs careless training of a special kind, 7___________ and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of

itself. I think even teachers of language, while recognizing the

importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical

teaching, the branch of study concerning with 8 ___________ speaking the language. So the first point which I want to make is 9 ___________ that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher

should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this,

and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the student

to feel that here is a matter worthy receiving his close attention. 10__________

Error-correction Exercise 12

During the past quarter century the power for man to alter the

nature of his world has not only been increased to one of disturbing 1___________ magnitude but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all

man’s assaults upon the environment is contamination of air, earth, 2 ___________ rivers, and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution

is for most part irrecoverable; the chain of evil it initiates not 3 ___________ only in the world that must support life but in living tissues is

reversible. In this now universal contamination of the environment, 4___________ chemicals is the sinister and little-recognized partner of radiation in 5___________ changing the very nature of the world an its life. Strontium 90,

releasing through nuclear explosions in to the air, comes to earth in 6___________ rain or drifts down as fallouts, lodges in soul, enters in to the corn or

wheat growing there, and in time takes up its abode in the bones of 7 ___________ a human being. Similarly, chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests

or gardens lying long in soil, entering into living organisms, passing 8___________ form one to the other in a chain of poisoning and death. Or they pass 9___________ mysteriously by underground stream until they emerge and combine

into new forms that kill vegetation, sicken cattle, and make 10 __________ unknown harm on those who drink form once pure wells. As Albert

Schweitzer has said, ―Man can hardly even recognize the devils of

his own creation‖

Error-correction Exercise 13

Many students today display a disturbing willingness to choose

academic institutions, fields of study and careers in the basis of 1___________ earning potential. In an extensive 1989 survey of college students

nationwide, 72 percent of students reported that their primary objective

to attending college was to make more money upon graduation. 2___________ This state of mind came with the present generation. Studies

show that the majority of baby boomers attended college to develop

themselves, their critically thinking skills and their personal philosophies 3___________ of life.

Nationally, the number of students going into business-related

field has sharply increased, and this rise has attributed primarily to 4___________ the shift in educational and career priorities. At Duke, economy is 5___________ now the most popular major, attracting nearly 15 percent of under-

graduates, and history majors comprise only 5 percent of the under- 6___________ graduate population. Thirty years ago the situation was reversed,

with economic and business administration majors together

consisting 8.7 percent of undergraduates and almost 12 percent of 7___________ undergraduates declared themselves history majors. The number of 8___________ English majors has also decreased, from 9 percent in 1969 to 5.5

percent today.

Degrees in economics are marketed and likely to garner their 9__________ holders of high salaries without the added effort of medical or law 10__________ school. And given the objectives of current college students, such

options are attractive.

Error-correction Exercise 14

The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers

for many centuries. The Greeks assumed that the structure of lan-

guage had some connection to the process of thinking, which took 1__________ root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages

could be.

Only recently linguists begin the serious study of languages that 2__________ were very different from their own. Two anthropologists-linguists, 3__________ Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many

native languages of North and South Americas during the first half of 4__________ the twentieth century. We are obliged for them because some of 5__________ these languages were since vanished, as the peoples who spoke 6__________ them died or became assimilated and lost their native languages. The 7__________ newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the

well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some

scholars even accused Boas and Sapir for fabricating their data. 8__________ Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in

the fact that Navajo was used by the US military as a code during 9__________ World War II to send secret messages.

Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of

American Indian languages and developed the idea that the structure

of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.

Whorf came to believe a sort of linguistic determinism which, in 10_________ its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and

that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching

consequences for the culture of a society.

Error-correction Exercise 15

Over the last 30 years, the United States has driven into 1____________ recession three times by abrupt surges in the price of oil. As the

price of crude has surged over the last two weeks, reached new 2____________ heights almost daily, some economists have begun to worry that

the current "oil shock" will slam the brakes of the nation's economic 3____________ expansion again.

It probably won't. Owing to the disquieting parallels with the oil shocks 4____________ of the 1970's, the 1980's and the 1990's, the impact of the current oil

spike on the American economy is likely to be much more intense than 5____________ in previous surges.

Not only is the economy much more energy-efficient - gasoline prices

have been stable in recent weeks - and, more important, in contrast to 6____________ previous periods when oil shocks occurred, inflation remained under 7____________

control. So rather than pushing up interest rates and compounding

the economic slowdown, rising energy prices today are slowing the rise

of interest rates, provided an unexpected dollop of economic stimulus 8____________

on the side. "The past oil shocks gave the economy a one-two big punch,"

said Ethan Harris, a chief economist. "This time it's more like little jabs."

Oil prices started rising substantially in May, driven by growing world

demand, as well as by concerns over possible disruption of supplies

from an unstable Iraq and other major producers as Russia and Venezuela. 9____________ Though prices fell back slightly in June, they picked up again in July –

and truly set alarm bells as the benchmark crude oil contract neared 10____________

a record $50 a barrel this week on the New York Mercantile Exchange.

英语专业八级考试校对与改错

模拟试题参考答案

Key to Error-correction Ex. 1

1．答案：在communicate后面加上in，语法辨析题。

详解：语法错误，介词缺失。借此在此表示手段、方式、方法等，这里的意思是―用……

交际‖，这句话的意思是：学会用一门外语来交流是件很让人兴奋的事情。再如：speak in English; write a message in code。

2．答案：把with改为to，词汇题。

详解：词法错误，介词误用。Introduction to sth.表示对某物的介绍，这是个固定用法。

这句话的意思是：值得庆幸的是，日本的公立教育很好地介绍了英语这门语言。3．答案：把need改为needed，语法辨析题。

详解：句法错误，非谓语动词误用。这里是过去分词needed做定语修饰the four language skills，相当于the four language skills（that/which are）needed。这句话的意思是：听、说、读、写被认为是英语交流所需的四项基本语言技能。

4．答案：把is改为are，语法辨析题。

详解：句法错误，主谓不一致。句中的which引导的是非限制性定语从句，它在从句中做主语，其先行词是writing and speaking，是复数的概念，所以从句中的系动词也应该是复数形式。

5．答案：删除on或者把on改为in，词汇题。

详解：词法错误，固定短语误用。动词spend的用法是spend …on sth及spend…(in) doing sth。

6．答案：把than改为to，词汇题。

详解：词法错误，介词误用。形容词superior的用法是be superior to …，表示优于某事/某人。

7．答案：把and改为but，语篇题。

详解：句法错误，连词误用。根据上下文语义判断，前后两句表达的是转折的意思，应用转折连词but。

8．答案：删除they或者在they后面加上are，语法辨析题。

详解：句法错误，从句成分缺失。根据语法规则，在表示时间、地点、条件、方式或者让步等状语从句中，如果谓语动词是系动词be，而从句主语又和主句主语一致，可以把从句中的主语和谓语部分省略，但不能只省略系动词。

9．答案：把catch改为come，词汇题。

详解：词法错误，固定短语误用。catch up with和come up with二短语有其意义相同之处：追赶、赶上。但此处根据上下文，应为come up with作―提供，供应‖解。再如：For years he has kept coming up with new and good ideas.多年来，他都在提供一些新颖的好点子。

10．答案：把should改为can，词汇题。

详解：词法错误，情态动词误用。根据上下文，学生具备这种能力（can），而不是必须的责任或者义务（should）。这句话的意思是：当大家一起吃饭或者参观一个景点的时候，学生可以发现一些新词，在现实的社交情景下练习口语，而不是在教室里进行。

Key to Error-correction Ex. 2

1．答案：把climate改为weather，词汇题。

详解：词法错误，名词误用。Climate是指长时间内看来，某一地域的比较稳定气候特点，为可数名词。当要特指某一时间内的天气状况，如阴晴、寒暖的变化时，用的是weather，为不可数名词。

2．答案：把now that后面的that删除，语篇题。

详解：词法错误，副词误用。根据上下文，可知文中要表达的―现在，当前‖的意`思，而now that表示的是―既然，由于‖的意思，不符合上下文意思。因此that一词多余。3．答案：把too改为so，词汇题。

详解：词法错误，副词误用。此处so…that…是个固定的句型结构，表示―如此……以致于……‖的意思，表示结果状语。

4．答案：把are改为have，语法辨析题。

详解：句法错误，时态不一致。根据前一句，so后面用的是现在完成时has already

depressed

5．答案：把cattles改为cattle，语法辨析题。

详解：语法错误，名词单复数误用。Cattle一词的单复数同形，应此后面不应该加上s。6．答案：把normality改为normal，语法辨析题。

详解：语法错误，名词误用。在本句中，far from…是个状语，修饰后面的形容词而不是名词。

7．答案：删除the，语法辨析题。

详解：语法错误，冠词误用。有一些专有名词前是不需加上定冠词the，如congress, parliament, Time（《时代》周刊）, Life（《生活》周刊）等名词前皆不需加定冠词。8．答案：在hard-hit前加上the，语法辨析题。

详解：语法错误，定冠词缺失。在形容词前面加上定冠词the表示一类的人或者物，构成名词短语，又如：the poor, the rich, the dead, the living等等。

9．答案：把are改为were，语法辨析题。

详解：句法错误，时态不一致。根据句中的last winter可以得知，事情是在过去的时间发生的，因此该用过去时而非现在时。

10．答案：把diary改为dairy，形近词辨析题。

详解：词法错误，名词误用。diary是―日记‖的意思，而dairy是―奶制品‖的意思。

Key to Error-correction Ex. 3

1．答案：把while改为when，词汇题。

详解：句法错误，连词误用。虽然while和when都可以表示―当……时候‖，但是一般while后面接延续性动词，并常用进行时态，而when则不然。此句后面加的不是进行时，因此用when更佳。

2．答案：把accessible改为inaccessible，词汇题。

详解：词法错误，形容词误用。根据文章原意，―当威胁来临时，人们应使他们的房屋不容易遭侵犯，不容易接近。‖所以这里应该用的是accessible―容易接近的‖之反义词inacce ssible―不容易接近的‖。

3．答案：把up改为above，词汇题。

详解：词法错误，介词误用。英语当中，要表示―离地面以上一定的高度‖时，习惯上用的是above the ground而非up the ground。

4．答案：把moved改为removed，词汇题。

详解：词法错误，动词误用。Move表示―移动，改变位置‖，而remove可表示―拿走，处理掉‖的意思。根据原文，住在高处的人们当威胁来临的时候，拿掉了通向他们住所的梯子。所以用remove更佳。

5．答案：把cliffs改为cliff，语法辨析题。

详解：语法错误，名词误用。cliff dwellers表示―居住在悬崖上的人‖。当两个名词连用，并且第一个名词作定语修饰第二个名词的时候，通常情况作定语的名词用单数形式。6．答案：把take改为taking，语法辨析题。

详解：句法错误，非谓语动词误用。在动词take前面，即逗号后面没有连词，动词take 必须用非谓语形式，这里需用其现在分词形式，因为take这一动作是前半句同样的主语nomads主动发出的。

7．答案：删除out，词汇题。

详解：词法错误，介词误用。be made of sth这一固定搭配表示―由…..造成‖，这里out 就显得多余了。

8．答案：把by改为with，词汇题。

详解：词法错误，动词误用。原文要表示的意思应是―用一个木制环固定‖，动词fasten 后面的习惯用法，加的介词用with，而by表示的是被动的意思。

9．答案：把not删除，词汇题。

详解：词法错误，否定此误用。Inflammable和flammable两词意思相同，都解释为―易燃的，可燃性的‖，原文要表示的是―木制的房屋通常都是很易燃的‖，用了not显然有悖原意，因此该删除。

10．答案：把expensively改为inexpensively，语篇题。

详解：词法错误，副词误用。原文意思为―在美洲有许多木制房屋，因为当时第一批定居者希望迅速和廉价的建造房屋‖。因此不用expensively―昂贵地‖，而该用inexpensively―廉价地‖。

Key to Error-correction Ex. 4

1．答案：把dated改为date，语法辨析题。

详解：词法错误，动词误用。这句话主要是为了陈述事实，陈述晚圣节的起源，应该用一般现在时。

2．答案：把pronouncing改为pronounced，语法辨析题。

详解：句法错误，非谓语动词误用。这句话主要是进一步说明Samhain一词的发音。

单词本身不会发出声音，是被人说出来的，应此该用过去分词。

3．答案：在United Kingdom前面加上定冠词the，语法辨析题。

详解：语法错误，定冠词缺失。The United Kingdom是一个专有名词，是个国名，由一般词语构成专有名词时，一般前面需要加上定冠词the。又如：the United States. 4．答案：把介词at改为on，词汇题。

详解：词法错误，介词误用。在表示时间的时候，如果泛指，常用的搭配是in the morning/evening/afternoon, at night/ noon，但如果要表示某个特定的早上、上午、下午或者晚上，应该用介词on。又如：on Saturday night/morning。

5．答案：把live改为living，词汇题。

详解：词法错误，形容词误用。live可以作形容词或者副词，意思是―活的、生动的、现场直播的‖，而the living表示的是―活着的人‖，与the dead― 死去的人‖相对。6．答案：应在it was前加上副词when，语法辨析题。

详解：语法错误，关系副词缺失。it was…句是定语从句，修饰前面的时间名词the night。7．答案：在动词make后面加上it，语法辨析题。

详解：语法错误，形式宾语缺失。英语中，think, fingd, prove, show, deem, believe, consider, count, feel, imagine, make, regard, suppose, take等动词后有不定式作宾语，且又有补足语，必须用形式宾语代替不定式，才不会出现头重脚轻的现象。

8．答案：可以把which改为where，或者在which前面加上around，语法辨析题。

详解：词法错误，关系副词误用。先行词bonfire这里是表示地点的名词，这句话的意思是人们聚集在篝火四周烧烤粮食和猎物作为祭祀用。

9．答案：把assume改为tell，词汇题。

详解：词法错误，固定短语误用。t ell one’s fortune表示的是―给某人算命‖的意思。10．答案：把lit改为relit，语篇题。

详解：词法错误，动词误用。根据下文可得知，hearth fire在较早前已经被熄灭，所以

后面应该是再点燃或者重新点燃。

Key to Error-correction Ex. 5

1．答案：将replace 改为replacement，语法辨析题。

详解：考查replace的相关形式的使用。Replace意思为―替代、替换‖，只能作动词使用，但从它的修饰词likeliest来看，此处显然只能使用其名词形式。

2．答案：将liquefying改为liquefied，语法辨析题。

详解：考查分词的使用。现在分词表明事物自身具备的性质、特点等，而此处liquefy 的分词形式用来修饰后面的natural gas，表明natural gas通过外部作用而转换形成另一种状态――液化天然气。过去分词可用来表动作或作用的后果。

3．答案：将for 改为as，词义辨析题。

详解：考查句子前后结构的连接意义。for表目的，而根据整个句子的意思，此处并不指gas替代oil的目的，而是指其作用―――作为最重要的能源供应‖。

4．答案：将but改为and，逻辑推理题。

详解：考查句子间的逻辑关系。连接词的前后句子在意思上是一致的，是并列或递进关系，而非转折关系。

5．答案：将thanking改为thanks，词汇题。

详解：此题考查介词短语的固定搭配用法，thanks to不受句子结构或语法功能的影响，它的形式固定。

6．答案：将little改为less，语法辨析题。

详解：考查比较级的用法。根据后面的比较级标志than可以推断形容词carbon-intensive 应该使用比较级，much可作程度副词修饰比较级，因此，little属于误用。

7．答案：将helpful改为helpfully，语法辨析题。

详解：形式宾语it和真正宾语之间应为形容词结构，此处出现了两个形容词，而二者并非并列关系，因此应看作修饰关系，而根据意思，helpful应为修饰词。

8．答案：在has和hindered之间添加been，语法辨析题。

详解：考查句子的语态。分析整个句子，不难发现，主语development同谓语动词hinder 存在的是被动关系，而且hindered之后还有by提示。

9．答案：在get和from之间添加it，语法辨析题。

详解：考查代词it的使用。get此处为实义动词，后面需接宾语，而宾语实指gas，所以用其代词形式使句子结构完整，意思明确。

10．答案：将which改为where，语法辨析题。

详解：考查关系代词在定语从句中的使用。该句讲的是以前天然气一般在开采地附近消费，所以定语从句表明的应该是地点，而不是事物。

Key to Error-correction Ex. 6

1．答案：将lightening改为lighten，语法辨析题。

详解：考查to的用法。前面的to是不定式标志，而非介词，did little to do sth. 意为―无助于‖，因此应使用动词形式。

2．答案：将unproving改为unproven，语法辨析题。

详解：考查分词的用法。被修饰词technology和分词的关系应为被动，而且从时间上看，也应属于过去，表明该项技术尚未得到验证。因此，只能使用过去分词。

3．答案：在would和work之间添加not，语篇分析题。

详解：考查对该部分整体意思的把握。这里是讲W-CDMA的teething troubles，因此，从意思上看，would work together reliably跟它相矛盾，应改为否定形式。

4．答案：将and改为though，逻辑推理题。

详解：考查句子间的逻辑关系。前句讲的是营运商推迟3G的上市，而后句讲的是有些营运商却将这项尚未成熟的服务提前上市，因此，它们之间存在的是转折关系。5．答案：将network改为networks，词汇题。

详解：考查network作具体名词时的用法。network作―网络‖讲的时候，一般作不可数名词，而根据句子意思，此处显然是指网络营运商，因此需用复数形式。

6．答案：将many改为other，语篇题。

详解：考查逻辑概念能力。Nokia是hand-set maker，同众多hand-set maker一起只能用other来表示这一概念，使用many则会混淆概念。

7．答案：将away改为way，词汇题。

详解：考查固定搭配形式。give away意思是―给予、分配、丧失‖，give way to意思是―让位于‖。此处讲的是大砖块似的手机被小巧的手机取代。

8．答案：将build改为building，语法题。

详解：考查固定短语的后续形式。commit to意思是―承诺、答应做某事‖，to是介词，后面只能跟名词，所以动词应改为动名词。

9．答案：将to meet改为meeting，语法辨析题。

详解：考查词语搭配形式。Have trouble (difficulty)后续形式为(in) doing sth.，而不使用不定式。

10．答案：将that改为what，语法辨析题。

详解：考查关系代词和疑问代词的区别。区分that和what，要视其在句子中的语法作用，that用以引导语义完整的句子，而what则在句子中要么作主语，要么作宾语。

Key to Error-correction Ex. 7

1．答案：将have改为has，语法辨析题。

详解：考查短语many a的用法。Many a虽表复数概念，但其谓语动词要求使用单数。2．答案：将despising改为despite，词汇题。

详解：考查词语类别及形式的变化。despising是现在分词形式，表―轻视、看不起‖之义，despite可作介词，表―尽管、纵使‖之义，通过分析整个句子，便知此处应表转折。3．答案：将dominating 改为dominate，语法辨析题。

详解：考查固定搭配的后续形式。used to表示―过去常常做某事‖，后续动词原形。注意其与be used to的区别，后者表示―习惯于‖，后续名词或代词。

4．答案：将self-congratulation改为self-congratulatory，语法辨析题。

详解：考查词性在句子中的作用。通过分析句子后部分，可知该词应与insightful一道修饰名词telling，所以应改为形容词形式。

5．答案：将unusual改为unusually，语法辨析题。

详解：考查词语间的修饰关系。通过分析，unusual不应是corporate culture的修饰语，而是用来修饰tough，表明tough的不同寻常之处，所以应改为副词。

6．答案：将maintain改为maintaining或to maintain，语法辨析题。

详解：考查句子成分的词性要求。通过分析，该句不是祈使句，句子缺乏主语，因此应改用其名词性形式，才能是句子语法结构完整。

7．答案：去掉it，语法辨析题。

详解：考查定语从句关系代词的使用。通过分析，that应为定语从句的引导词，修饰terminal，it的使用显然是多余的。

8．答案：将exceptionally改为exceptional，语法辨析题。

详解：考查词语之间的修饰关系。被修饰部分customer service是名词性短语，只能由形容词来修饰。

9．答案：将worked改为working，语法辨析题。

详解：考查while作连接词时的用法。while作连接词时，后续部分一般使用现在分词形式，表示在做某事的时候又做了另一件事。

10，答案：将give改为gives，语法辨析题。

详解：考查主谓一致的问题。该句的主语是关系代词that，并列主语Bloomberg TV, radio and a group of finance magazines是以with与其联结，不应用来判断谓语动词的语法形式，即谓语动词只需与that所表示的概念保持一致。

Key to Error-correction Ex. 8

1．答案：将to改为on，词汇题。

详解：考查词语的搭配形式。Cast doubt on意为―置疑、怀疑‖，为一固定结构。2．答案：将visible改为visual，词义辨析题。

详解：考查对近义词的准确把握。Visible意为―可见的、明显的‖，分析该部分，此义与其余部分有冲突，前面是怀疑其有效性，而此处又肯定其有效性。因此，需替换掉visible，而其形近词visual最为恰当，它的意思是―视觉的、看起来如此‖。3．答案：在several和top之间添加other，语篇题。

详解：考查概念分析能力。前面讲到Adidas所遇到的问题，而Adidas属于top sporting-goods brands之列，缺少other就会使这一概念发生混淆。

4．答案：去掉off，词汇题。

详解：考查动词和副词搭配后的意义变化。launch是―发动、发起‖的意思，在此处语义已经完整，off为多余的。另外，launch常跟out、into搭配使用，表示―出航、着手、开始一项事业‖等。

5．答案：将rising改为arising，词义辨析题。

详解：考查形近词的区别。rise from意为―升起‖，arise from意为―从……产生、由……

而形成‖。根据此句，应表示问题产生的原因。

6．答案：将wound改为winding，语法辨析题。

详解：考查现在分词和过去分词的用法。现在分词表事物具备的性质，而过去分词表事物承受的后果，从语态和时态方面区分二者的使用。此处指―曲折的‖供应链。7．答案：将at改为by，词汇题。

详解：考查介词的用法。表价格下降或上升的幅度用by，而at指商品买卖的价格。8．答案：在has和few之间添加a，语篇题。

详解：考查推理能力。前面讲到sportswear的几家大公司，这些公司在国际上享有知名度，容易成为各方关注的目标，所以此处应使用a few表示肯定。

9．答案：在already 和named之间添加been，语法辨析题。

详解：考查被动语态的使用。几家大公司Nike, Adidas and Reebok因为上述问题而被点名和批评，因此在句中同谓语动词的关系应为被动。

10．答案：去掉for，词汇题。

详解：announce for是―宣布参加或支持‖的意思，而此处只需表明―以不公开的方式‖派人检查。

Key to Error-correction Ex. 9

1．答案：将for改为from，词义辨析题。

详解：考查介词的用法。For表目的，同前面的hold back在语义联系上由冲突，整句是讲服务业拖了经济的后腿，因此，使用from才能使语义保持一致，符合全句的意思。2．答案：将striking改为strikingly，语法辨析题。

详解：考查副词修饰形容词。形容词可由表示程度的副词修饰，但形容词之间不能形成修饰关系。

3．答案：将efficient改为inefficient，语篇题。

详解：考查对整句意义的把握。由and连接的并列词所表达的意义应该一致，既然前者是说服务业落后，后者就不能说其高效。

4．答案：将export-leading改为export-led，语法辨析题。

详解：考查现在分词和过去分词的使用。此处从语态上分析，应理解为―由出口带动的‖，表被动。

5．答案：将at改为into，词汇题。

详解：考查短语的搭配形式。plunge 常和into搭配使用，意思是―使陷入……之中‖。6．答案：将clinging改为clung，语法辨析题。

详解：考查并列谓语动词的用法。此处是由and连接的两个并列句，在叙述事情时，二者的时态应保持一致。

7．答案：将openly改为open，语法辨析题。

详解：考查系动词的用法。keep此处为系动词，后续形容词，而非副词。

8．答案：将sustain改为sustained，语法辨析题。

详解：考查词语在句中的语法功能。Sustain并非跟are、continue、give并列一致，它只能是分词短语，起补充说明的作用。

9．答案：将during改为durable，词义辨析题。

详解：考查形近词的意义区别。During只能作介词使用，而意义也和此处完全不一致，它从形式上容易让人产生混淆。此处的意思应为―持久的‖。

10．答案：将striking改为stricken，语法辨析题。

详解：考查分词的使用。从语义上分析，指的是遭受金融危机打击，因此在语态上表被动。

Key to Error-correction Ex. 10

1．答案：去掉he，语法题。

详解：考查定语从句。本句主语为anyone, who opens a current account at a bank为定

于从句修饰限定anyone，谓语动词为is lending，很显然这里多了一个代词he。考生在做题时尤其要注意含有较长定语从句的地方。错误之处一般都放在上下两行交界的地方。

2. 答案：在cash 之前加in，词汇题。

详解：考查词汇的固定搭配。either cash or by drawing a check，―以现金形式或者开立支票的形式‖这里―以现金形式‖为固定搭配in cash。而且由后面的―by drawing a check‖的―by‖可以知道此处为某种方式或者手段,从结构分析来看，在cash 之前肯定也要加一个介词。―以现金形式‖是固定搭配in cash。所以在cash 之前加介词in。

3. 答案：去掉which，语法题。

详解：考查定语从句the banker-customer relationship which is of debtor and creditor，―银行和客户间的关系是债权人和债务人间的关系‖从破折号以及下句没有划线的一行―这取决于客户的账户是有盈余还是透支‖which引导的句子是对上一句的说明。如此一来，只要分析上一句结构就可以了，此处主语是banker-customer relationship，谓语动词为is, 那么很显然which是多余的，否则which引导定于从句，此句就只剩一个主语，找不到任何谓语了。所以最简单的就是去掉which.

4. 答案：把on 改成to，词汇题。

详解：考查介词搭配。除此之外为固定搭配in addition to。提醒考生注意此处basically simple concept这一副词修饰形容词的结构。而出题人很容易就用形容词修饰形容词来设置陷阱。

5. 答案：去掉and，词汇题。

详解：考查固定搭配。银行和客户间相互间都由责任。相互为固定搭配one another。

6. 答案：把count改成account，词汇题。

详解：考查考生对形似词的记忆。―he instructs the bank to enter its count ……‖ 客户指示银行登入账户。上下文都是银行和客户以及客户的账户，所以此处一眼就可以看出应该为―account‖

7. 答案：has ˇforged —been，语法题。

详解：考查被动语态。its customer’s signature has forged.―该客户的签名是伪造的‖，主语是signature签名，所以不会使用主动语态。

8. `答案：将maybe改为may be，语法题。

详解：考查句法和形似词。t he signature may be a very skillful one―签名可能是精心模仿的。‖maybe 是副词，而此处需要一个谓语动词，所以要把maybe 拆分开。

9. 答案：将are改为is，语法题。

详解：考查单复数。显然no risk是单数，there be结构中be 肯定为单数。

10. 答案：将this改为it，语法题。

详解：考查强调句型。―损失的是银行而非客户‖强调句型为It is …that(which)…。所以this要改为it。

Key to Error-correction Ex. 11

1．答案：将with改为in，词汇题。

详解：考查词汇搭配。Every normal person is expert with the skill of pronouncing his own language;每个正常人都能很熟练地使用本国语言。be expert in sth.熟练于干某事为固定搭配。

2. 答案：在reasons后加for，词汇题。

详解：考查篇章理解的搭配问题。上文提到很多人不善于说外国语言。there are many reasons this,应为这有很多原因。显然，对此事的解释、原因应该是reasons for sth.

3. 答案：将which 改为why，篇章题。

详解：考查篇章理解的连词使用。本句话比较长。要看完整个句子才能找出问题所在。

详细分析之后4题也就找出答案了。首先，划出该句主语the fundamental reason，把which引导的句子which …..than they do先分离出来，把它看成定语从句，谓语动词就是are了。主体框架是―基本原因在于……‖我们立刻想到这句话的搭配是―the reason why… is that…‖；即―整体来说，人们不能好好使用外语的基本原因在于……‖。所以只要将which 改为why就可以了。

4. 答案：将are改为is，语法题。

详解：考查谓语动词的单复数。从上文分析可以看出，主语是the fundamental reason，是单数，谓语动词―are‖显然要改为―is‖。考生应该注意，越是长句，越应该细心，将句子条分缕析，一一划分结构才有助于寻找问题所在。

5. 答案：去掉fail，逻辑题。

详解：考查篇章逻辑。有考生可能一眼看到fail后面跟的也是动词grasp,现然要在fail 后加to。但是别忘了―人们没有好好使用外语的原因在于他们从来没有把握学习发音这一问题的本质。‖而不是―never fail to…把握了该问题的本质‖。一般来说，改错中总有一个逻辑题，就是把肯定改成否定，否定改成肯定。如果是纯粹词汇题，一般要使用该词的否定前缀或者后缀。

6. 答案：将to 改为about或者将tackling改为tackle，词汇题。

详解：考查词汇固定搭配。显然set to后面应该跟动词原型tackle, 否则能加动名词的应该是set about doing sth. 着手干某事。

7. 答案：将careless改为careful，逻辑题。

详解：考查上下文逻辑和形似词。―one needs careless training of a special kind, ―学说外国语是一种技巧，需要特殊地精心训练。‖怎么可能是三心二意的训练呢？显然从逻辑上来说也要将careless改为careful。另外提醒考生注意形似词的使用。

8. 答案：concerning改为concerned，词汇题。

详解：考查形似词。―语言老师也忽略了说这一方面的学习。‖concern，有关，关于。

此处应为分词做后置定于定语。到底是用现在分词还过去分词取决于前面的名词。将此句补充完整处为―the branch of study which is concerned with speaking the language.‖所以应把concerning改为concerned。

9. 答案：which改为that，语法题。

详解：考查最高级时引导词的使用。此处which 引导地定语从句的先行词point之前加了序数次the first，所以引导词只能用that。

10. 答案：worthy改为worth，词汇题。

详解：考查形似词的使用。是值得密切关注的一件事。值得为be worth doing. worth 多做表语，后加动名词。worthy 除作定语外，一般为be worthy of sth.。

Key to Error-correction Ex. 12

1. 答案：去掉been，语法题。

详解：考查动词词性。Increase既可以做及物动词也可以做不及物动词。但是用于被