全新版大学英语笔记unit4_book2

U4 Book2

1.(标题) virtual: adj.

1) created and existing only in a computer

*I can visit a virtual store and put what I want in my basket at the click of a mouse button.

*Some people spend too much time escaping from reality into the virtual world conjured up on their computer screens.

2) almost what is stated; in fact though not in name

*The officials hear this kind of talk in virtual silence.

*国王处处都受王后的影响，以至于王后成了国家实际上的统治者。

(=The king was so much under the influence of his wife that she was the virtual ruler of the country.)

2.(L. 2) interpret: v.

1) understand (sth. said, ordered, or done)

*The gift is generally interpreted as a bribe.

*She made a gesture, which he chose to interpret as an invitation.

2) give or provide the meaning of, explain

诗有助于阐述人生的意义。

(=Poetry helps to interpret life.)

*The evidence is difficult to interpret.

3) translate what is said in one language into another

(=No one in the tour group spoke Spanish so we had to ask the guide to interpret.)

3.(L. 5) stretch: v. (cause to) become longer, wider, etc. without breaking

*My wool coat stretched when I washed it.

*The child stretched the rubber band to its full extent.

*你已经使我忍无可忍了。

(=You are stretching my patience to limit.)

4.(L. 8) submit: vt.

1) give (sth.) to sb. so that it may be formally considered

*I am going to submit an application for that job in Microsoft.

*Peter submitted his application to the local government.

2) yield (oneself); agree to obey

*Should a wife submit herself to her husband?

*We should submit ourselves to discipline.

Collocation:

submit oneself to 甘受, 服从

submit to 服从于；把…提交给…

submit willingly 心悦诚服

5.(L. 9) edit: vt. revise or correct

*Scholars often edit Shakespeare’s plays.

(=John didn’t finish editing the annual report until the end of last month.)

6.(L. 9) communicate:

1. vi. contact sb. in any way, eap. by speaking to them, writing to them or calling them (followed

by with)

*We can communicate with people in most parts of the world by telephone.

*年轻人有时抱怨无法与父母沟通思想。

(=Young people sometimes complain of not being able to communicate with their parents.)

2. vt. make (news, opinions, feelings, etc.) known

*The radio stations communicate the storm warnings to the islanders.

*She communicated her ideas to her subordinates.

7.(L. 13) at times: sometimes

*At times, I feel that I want to leave this job.

8.(L. 18) take in:

1) receive, admit

2) include

3) make (clothes) narrower

4) understand

5) deceive

6) see at a glance; see at once

(Directions:) Match the above definitions with the sentences below.

1. The dress was too big, so I took it in. (=3)

2. I didn’t take in what you were saying. (=4)

3. She took in every details of the other woman’s clothes. (=6)

4. Do you mean we should get rid of the stale and take in the fresh? (=1)

5. Don’t be taken in by her promises (=5)

6. This is the total cost of the trip, taking in everything. (=2)

Collocation:

take after 仿效，跟随；相象，在相貌、脾气或性格上相似

take apart 拆开

take back 收回（所说的或所写的事）

take down 拿下，放下

take for 把…视作；误认为

take off 脱掉（衣服等）；起飞

take on 从事；开始对付：

take out 取出；弄走

take over 接管

take up 举起；再次开始

9.(L. 18) spit: vt. send (liquid, food, etc.) out from the mouth (used in the pattern: spit sth.(out)

(at/on/onto sb./sth.))

*He’s very ill and spitting (up) blood.

*The baby spat its food out on the table.

*他气呼呼地作了答复。

(=He angrily spat out her answer.)

10.(L. 19) symptom: n.

1) sign of the existence of sth. bad

*The Government must not ignore these symptoms of discontent among their own supporters.

(=High interest rates are a symptom of a weak economy.)

2) change in the body that indicates an illness

*A cold, fever and headache are the usual symptoms of flu.

*持续地咳嗽可能是非典型性肺炎的症状。

(=A persistent cough may be a symptom of atypical pneumonia.)

11.(L. 21) nightmare: n. a terrible dream

*Driving through that snowstorm was a nightmare.

*I had a nightmare about falling off the skyscraper.

12.(L. 26) conversely: adv. in a way that is opposite to sth.

*$1 will buy 100 yen worth of Japanese goods. Conversely, 100 yen will buy $1 worth of

American goods.

*You can add the fluid to the powder or, conversely, the powder to the fluid.

13.(L. 33) but then: yet at the same time

*The failure of China’s soccer team l ooks inevitable. But then, anything can happen in football.

*这个马戏团并不出色，不过观众的要求也并不高。

(=The circus was not a very good one, but then, the audience was not demanding.)

14.(L. 33) jar: v. have a harsh or an unpleasant effect (used in the pattern: jar sth., jar on sb./sth.)

*The fall jarred every bone in my body.

(=The way he laughs jars on me.)

15.(L. 34) suck in: (usu. passive) involve (sb.) in an activity, an argument, etc., usu. against their will

*Some teenagers don’t want to get involved with gangs, but they find themselves getting sucked in.

*我不想卷入有关学校改革的辩论。

(=I don’t want to get sucked into the debate about school reform.)

16.(L. 34) keep up with:

1) learn about or be aware of ( the news, etc.)

*Carrie likes to keep up with the latest fashions.

*He didn’t bother to keep up with the latest news. His only concern was to study.

2) move at the same rate as

*My salary doesn’t keep up with inflation.

*他请了位家庭教师，因为他的功课跟不上班上其他同学。

(=He hired a tutor because he wasn’t able to keep up with the rest of the class.)

17.(L. 39) in sight:

1) visible

*No vehicle is in sight.

*哪儿也见不到他。

(=He is nowhere in sight.)

2) likely to come soon

(=Peace was in sight at last after four years of war.)

*An immediate agreement is nowhere in sight.

Collocation:

lose sight of 看不见；失去联系；忘记；没有考虑到

out of sight 看不到，不被看到

18.(L. 42) remark:

1. n. things said or written as a comment

*He closed the discussion with the remark that “he who plays with fire gets burnt”.

(=Mr. Smith approached us and made a couple of remarks about the weather.)

2. v. say, esp. something which one has just noticed; give as an opinion

*A local newspaper remarked that inflation was not to be checked for the time being.

*His fluency with the Chinese language was remarked upon by all his Chinese colleagues.

这两个词都是名词，都有“谈论”、“评论”之意。

remark 是常用词，指议论、评价，常含有一种随便的意味。例如：

I should be pleased to have your remark.

我将很高兴听到你的意见。

Her absence of hair could hardly escape remark.

她没有头发，免不了被人议论。

comment 通常强调批判性的评述。例如：

Some scathing comments were heard from visitors.

从来宾那听到了一些尖刻的批评。

It became a matter of cynical comment among the neighbors.

她成了邻居们冷嘲热讽的话题.

19.(L. 46) emotional: adj.

1) of the emotions

*She is grateful to him for his emotional support while she was in trouble.

*It’s quite difficult to handle emotional problems.

2) having emotions that are easily excited.

*It’s said that the Italians are more emotional than we are.

*他非常易动感情，我离开时他哭了

(=He was very emotional; he cried when I left.)

20.(L. 46) cue: n. anything that serves as a signal about what to do or say

*When he started to talk about the finance, which was our cue to get up quietly and leave.

*The time had come to say good night. At mother’s cue, we all ascended.

21.(L. 49) routine: n. fixed and regular way of doing things

*These two babies have different daily routines.

*请按常规办事。

(=Please do it according to routine.)

22.(L. 50) rely: vi. depend confidently on, put trust in

*He can always be relied upon for help.

*你放心好了，我会早到的。

(=You may rely on my early arrival.)

Collocation:

rely on/upon 依靠; 信任, 信赖

rely upon it 放心

这些词都有“信任”、“相信”的意思。

rely 指完全的信任。例如：

You are the only woman I can rely on.

你是我唯一能指望的女人。

He can be relied on to keep secret.

相信他能保密。

trust 常强调基于没有说服力的证据的信仰产生的信心。例如：We must try to trust one another. Stay and cooperate.

我们必须试图相互信任。留下来并且相互合作

I don't think I could trust myself to speak to him about it.

我认为我不能对他谈论这件事。

depend 意味着对另一个人的帮助或支持有信心。例如：

It is foolhardy to depend on Middle Eastern countries for our oil supplies.

把我们的石油供应都依赖于中东国家是鲁莽的。

It all depends on how you tackle the problem.

那要看你如何应付这问题而定。

23.(L. 53) abuse:

1. n. 1) wrong or excessive use

*the abuse of power

*alcohol abuse

2) cruel treatment

*The abuse of the helpless prisoner made him bitter.

*human rights abuses

2. vt. 1) put to wrong use; use badly

*He abused his privileges in activities outside his official capacity.

*他辜负了我对他的信任。

(=He has abused my confidence in him.)

2) do cruel things to (a person or animal)

(=I won’t allow you to abuse that dog.)

*The arrested men have been physically abused.

CF: abuse, misuse & mistreat

这些词都是动词，都有“不公正对待”、“伤害”或“滥用”之一。

abuse 最普通，指各种故意的或非故意的、言语上的辱骂或行为上的伤害。例如：

He was always abusing people when he was drunk.

他酒醉后总爱骂人。

The serf-owners had the right to beat, abuse or even kill the serfs at will.

农奴主有权任意打马甚至杀掉农奴。

misuse 指不适当的使用，即“误用”、“滥用”，并不一定有目的性。例如：

He misused the idiom.

他把这个成语用错了。

He misused his knife at the table by lifting food with it.

吃饭时他误用刀子拿食物。

mistreat 多用于美国英语，表示苛刻或残暴对待。例如：

The dog’s owner mistreated him terribly.

这条狗遭到主人的虐待。

The magistrate administered a public thrashing to the landlord who had mistreated his brother.

法官对那虐待兄弟的地主施以公众鞭苔。

24.(L. 54) restore: vt. bring back to a former condition (used in the pattern: restore sth.; restore sb.

to sth.)

*Winning three games restored their confidence.

(=Doing sports every day restored the old man to good health.)

25.(L. 55) arrange: vt.

1) prepare or plan

*A marriage has been arranged between Mr. Brown and Miss White.

*观光局为我们到罗马去的旅行筹备一切。

(=The Tourist Bureau arranged everything for our journey to Rome.)

2) put in order

*I arranged the books on the shelves.

*Before going away, he arranged his business affairs.

Collocation:

arrange for 安排, 准备

arrange with sb. about sth. 与某人商定某事

26.(L. 56) flee: v. run away (from)

*They all fled (from) the burning ship.

(=He killed his enemy and fled the country.)

27.(L. 57) interview:

1. n. 1) meeting at which a journalist asks sb. questions in order to find out their news

*In an exclusive interview with our reporter, the film star revealed some of his personal affairs. *Radio interviews are generally more relaxed than television ones.

2) formal meeting at which sb. applying for a job is asked questions, as a way of judging how

suitable they are

*I have been asked to go for an interview for a project I applied for at Harvard University.

*She has had a couple of job interviews, but no offers.

2. vt. ask questions of (somebody) in an interview

*As a journalist, he interviewed many government officials.

*I will be interviewed next week for the chief Executive’s job.

Collocation:

give an interview to sb. 接见某人

have an interview with sb. 会见某人

job interviews （对申请工作者的)口头审查

28.(L. 58) appointment: n.

1) agreement to meet or visit sb. at a particular time (followed by with)

*You can’t see the president of the university unless you make an appointment.

*我已约定下午三时去看牙医。

(=I have an appointment with my dentist at 3pm.)

2) choosing of someone for a position or job

* John took the appointment as director.

Supplementary Reading

Ⅰ. Culture Notes

Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet

(Directions:)

You are required to read the words while listening to the following passage and then have a dialogue about the pros and cons of Internet.

Ten years ago, the term internet was practically anonymous to most of the people. And today internet has become the most ever powerful tool for man throughout the world. However, like every single innovation in science and technology, internet has its own advantages and disadvantages. Advantages

Communication:

The foremost target of internet has always been the communication. By the advent of the Internet, our earth has reduced and has attained the form of a global village. Nowadays, with the help of email, MSN, Skype and other services, it has become very easy to establish a kind of global friendship where you can share your thoughts and explore other cultures of different nations.

Information

Easy access to information is probably the biggest advantage internet is offering. Any kind of information on any topic under the sun is available on the Internet. The search engines like Google, yahoo are at your service on the Internet. You can almost find any type of data on almost any kind of subject that you are looking for. Students and children are among the top users who surf the Internet for research. Today, it is almost required that students should use the Internet for research for the purpose of gathering resources. Teachers have started giving assignments that require research on the Internet.

Entertainment

Easy access to entertainment is another popular reason why many people prefer to surf the Internet. People can Download games, visit chat rooms or just surf the Web for fun. There are numerous games that may be downloaded from the Internet for free. Chat rooms are popular because users can meet new and interesting people. When people surf the Web, there are numerous things that can be found. Music, hobbies, news and more can be found and shared on the Internet.

Services

Many services are now provided on the internet such as online banking, job seeking, purchasing tickets for your favorite movies, hotel reservations, guidance services on topics engulfing every aspect of life. Often these services are not available off-line and can cost you more. Disadvantages

Theft of Personal information

If you use the Internet, you may be facing grave danger as your personal information such as name, address, credit card number etc. can be accessed by hackers, or even cyber criminals to make your problems worse.

Spamming

Spamming refers to sending unwanted e-mails in bulk, which needlessly obstruct the entire system. Such illegal activities can be very damaging, so instead of just ignoring it, you should make an effort to try and stop these activities so that using the Internet can become that much safer.

Virus threat

Virus is nothing but a program which disrupts the normal functioning of your computer systems. Computers attached to internet are more prone to virus attacks and they can end up into crashing your whole hard disk, causing you considerable headache.

Pornography

This is perhaps the biggest threat related to y our children’s healthy mental life. There are thousands of pornographic sites on the Internet that can be easily found and can be a harmful factor to letting children use the Internet.

Ⅱ. Language Study

1.（Para. 1）It is the sound of the only lasting disagreement in a household that is otherwise

peaceful.

Translate the sentence into Chinese.

(=这是一个原本安宁的家庭中唯一挥之不去的不和谐音。)

2.（Para. 1）household: n. all the people living together in a house

* American swimmer Michael Phelps has become a household name across the world after breaking the Olympic record for most gold medals in a single Games.

在美国拥有汽车是很普遍的，大多数家庭拥有一辆或一辆以上的私人汽车。

(=Automobile ownership in the United States is widespread, with most households owning one or more private auto. )

3.（Para. 1）be hooked on: be very keen on and absorbed in

* The Outdoors Magazine describes close-to-home destinations for those hooked on outdoor adventures.

新的研究发现那些试着抽烟的孩子在生理上迷上烟草的速度比人们想象得要快。

(=A new study finds that children who experiment with cigarettes can become physically hooked on tobacco faster than people think.)

4.（Para. 2）on top of: in addition to

* The last few years were rough. Heart surgery, stomach cancer, and on top of that he lost everything when his house burned down.

他除了向我借了50英镑外, 还向我借汽车。

(=On top of borrowing 50, he asked me to lend him my car.)

5.（Para. 2） intense: adj. serious and concentrated

* Members of the United Nations Security Council were holding an intense dialogue on the lifting of economic sanctions on Iraq.

随着伊拉克战争的加速，美军医疗人员正在接受紧张的训练。

(=As the war in Iraq stepped up, the U.S. Army medics were receiving intense training.)

6.（Para. 3）worldwide:

1. adj. around the world

This travel agency offers worldwide booking of airlines, hotels, cars, cruises, and vacations.

全球个人电脑市场依然强劲，2004年第四季度的增长率为13.7％。

(=The worldwide PC market remained strong in the fourth quarter of 2004 with a growth rate of 13.7%.)

2. adv.

Their products are selling well worldwide.

她以顾问的身份在世界各地旅游。

(=she travels worldwide as a consultant.)

7.（Para. 3）It leads to intimacy before acquaintance; it scatters secrets

outwards, not inwards; and, most worrying of all, it is a

vehicle for liars.

Translate the sentence into Chinese.

(=它使人们还未相识就已亲近；它不能保守秘密反而扩散秘密；而最令人担心的是，它是撒谎人传播谎言的工具。)

8.（Para. 3）scatter: vt. throw in different direction

* The book is a collection of my musings and scattered thoughts.

他把妻子的骨灰撒在自己家的农场中。

(=He scattered his wife's ashes at the family farm. )

9.（Para. 3）outwards: adv. toward the outside

* Most people's properties can be expanded either outwards or upwards, so you don't have to think about moving to a more expensive house to have an extra room or two.

现在，很多大学都希望从校外得到新的资金来源。

(=Universities nowadays look outwards for new sources of financing. )

10.（Para. 3）vehicle: n. means by which thoughts, feelings, people, or goods

can be conveyed

* Use this guide to choose the cleanest and most fuel-efficient vehicle that meets your needs.

在欧洲，文化遗产被公认为一种文化特性的载体。

(=Cultural heritage is widely recognized across Europe as a vehicle of cultural identity.)

11.（Para. 5）overnight:

1.adv. during or for the night

* Most anti-virus companies issued updates overnight to allow their programs to detect the

virus when it is uploaded from the Internet to a victim's PC.

在战争环境中，孩子们在一夜之间就可能会变成大人。

(=Under war conditions children may be transformed overnight into adults.)

2. adj. happening during the night

* Overnight mail services are available in this part of the country.

她乘夜车去纽约。

(=She took the overnight train to New York.)

12.（Para. 7）on the whole: all things considered, in general

On the whole, those countries experience a decrease in lung cancer that can probably be linked with tobacco control.

总的来看，该项目对俄罗斯的国家安全构成了某些威胁。

（=On the whole, the project poses a certain threat to Russia's national security.）

13.（Para. 7）I said, trying to be reasonable but not altogether succeeding, that in and among the

things they "tell" each other on the tap-tap, a tendency to murder might just have

been overlooked, might it not?

Translate the sentence into Chinese.

(=我说，他们啪哒啪哒“讲”给互相听的事情中，杀人的倾向或许就被忽略了，难道这不可能吗？我说这话时尽量想做到通情达理，但不完全成功。)

14.（Para. 7）reasonable: adj. (of a person or their behavior) showing

fairness and good sense

* I'm sure he'll understand what happened — he's a reasonable man.

在这个超市里，你能以合理的价格买到优质食品。

(=In this supermarket you can get quality food at a reasonable price.)

15.（Para. 7）tendency : n. inclination, leaning

The car has a tendency to drift towards the left; we need to have it checked.

欧洲人口已显示出不断减少的发展趋势。

(=Europe's population has developed a tendency to shrink.)

16.（Para. 7）overlook: vt. fail to take notice; miss

* Everyone here in the community is important, and no one will be overlooked.

他似乎忽略了一个重要的事实。

(=He seems to have overlooked one important fact.)

17.（Para. 9）Seizing the initiative she moves over to the attack.

Paraphrase the sentence.

(=When she proved my ideas wrong she started to attack, forcing me to be on the defense.)

18.（Para. 10）slip: vi. go or move quietly or quickly, esp. without attracting

attention

*A new year slips into the valley with spring-like temperatures.

她快速挣脱了手铐，抓起枪，杀死了她的绑架者。

(=She slipped out of her handcuffs, grabbed a gun and killed her captors. )

19.（Para. 12）horror: n.a feeling of great fear or shock

The sight of his pale, ugly face filled me with horror.

当飞机撞上大楼时，人群恐惧地尖叫着。

(=The crowd cried out in horror as the plane hit right into the building.)

20.（Para. 12）plot: n. a plan or an outline of the events in a play or novel

The plot of a story will extend beyond the bounds of the story itself.

那部新小说的情节在作者的头脑中逐渐形成。

(=The plot of the new novel gradually developed in the author's mind.)

21.（Para. 12）to one’s knowledge: as far as one knows personally

* To her knowledge, she was the only one in her department to interview for the position.

据我所知，本星期大剧院没有演出。

(=To my knowledge there are no shows at the Grand Theater this week. )

22.（Para. 12）Needless to say, it is a new version of the old tale of innocents calling forth evil

forces they cannot control, this time in the form of a visitor with the ever-handy axe

packed in his luggage.

Translate the sentence into Chinese.

(=不用说，这又是一些无辜的人引出了邪恶的力量却又不能控制的老故事的翻版，这一次的邪恶力量是以一位来客的面貌出现，但行囊中却藏着斧头，随时可以拿出来杀人。)

23.（Para. 12）needless to say: as you already know or would expect

*Needless to say, there are other solutions. But this one is the most cost-effective.

约翰摔伤了他的左臀部。不用说，他将有一段时间不能工作。

(=John has broken his left hip. Needless to say, he’ll be off work for a while. )

24.（Para. 12）call forth: bring into action or existence

* Physical deformity calls forth our charity. But the infinite misfortune of moral deformity calls forth nothing but hatred.

她的所作所为引起了夫妻间的争吵。

(=Her behavior called forth a quarrel between the couple.)

25.（Para. 13）imitate: copy the behavior, speech, etc. of (sth./sb.)

* Some of the younger singers try to imitate their musical heroes from the past.

你喜欢那些用豆腐和其他蛋白质为原料模仿成肉制品的素菜吗？

(=Do you like vegetarian dishes that use tofu or other sources of protein to imitate meat?)

Ⅲ. Comprehension Task

Since the topic of Text B has something to do with Internet, now here is a passage about educational technology in American schools. You are required to accomplish two tasks based on the passage.

Task One: Questions and Answers

(Directions:)

In this section, you will listen to a passage about the educational technology in American schools. After you listen to it, you are required to answer the following questions

.

1.What is the question? And who asked it?

2.In order to answer this question, what elements should we consider?

3.Do all schools in USA have access to Internet? Do they use it in the same way?

4.Why do some schools use video conferencing?

5.What is Smart Board? Can you say something about it?

6.What kind of devices do some teachers use in their teaching?

7.According to the educators, which is more important, device or content?

Task Two: Spot Dictation

(Directions:)

Listen to the passage again and fill in blanks with the words you heard.

This is the VOA Special English ________ (=Education Report).

A question from the West Bank: Zuheir Khlaif wants to know how American schools use _______(= educational technology).

There is not a simple answer. It depends on the subject and level of students, of course. But it also depends on the interest and training of the teachers, and the goals and budgets of the schools.

Schools are almost all connected to the Internet. But some have more technology, and use it more, than others. For example, some schools use computers for activities like video conferencing, to bring the world into the classroom.

And some classrooms are equipped with things like a Smart Board, a kind of interactive whiteboard. Interactive whiteboards are large displays for presentations. They connect to a computer and can operate by touch. They can be used for documents or writing or to project video.

Some teachers are trying creative new ways to teach with devices like iPods and mobile phones. But educators say the most important thing, as always, is the content.

This is the VOA Special English ________ (=Education Report).

A question from the West Bank: Zuheir Khlaif wants to know how American schools use _______(= educational technology).

There is not a simple answer. It depends on the ________(=subject and level) of students, of course. But it also depends on the interest and training of the teachers, and the ________________ (=goals and budgets of the schools).

Schools are almost all _________(= connected ) to the Internet. But some have more technology, and use it more, than others. For example, some schools use computers for activities like _________ (=video conferencing), to bring the world into the classroom.

And some classrooms are ________(=equipped with) things like a Smart Board, a kind of interactive whiteboard. Interactive whiteboards are large displays for presentations. They connect to a computer and can _______(=operate by touch). They can be used for documents or writing or to

________ (=project video).

Some teachers are trying ______ (=creative new ways) to teach with devices like iPods and mobile phones. But (= educators) say the most important thing, as always, is the _______ (= content).