基础医学英语术语复习题

1. cyto means

A. fat

B.smooth

C. blue B. cell

2. myo- refers to your:

A. brain

myoptic nerve

feet

muscle

3. neuro means:

nerve

new

digestive system

endocrine system

4. kary/o means

cell

karaoke

nucleus

illness

5. leuk/o means:

white

limpid

black

sickle-shaped

6. erythro/o means:

membrane

heart-shaped

red

brown

7. histo/o means:

film

time

tissue

yellow

8. melano means: black

diseased

malignant

cancer

9. path/o means: within

purple

excised

disease

10. somat/o means: extremity

body

tissue

nerve

11. Endo means: Above.

Below.

Within.

Fat.

12. Thromb/o means: To throb.

To divide.

To clot.

To dry out.

13. Brady- means: Fast.

Irregular. Prolonged.

Slow.

14. Salping/o means .

Fallopian tube.

Pus.

Polyp.

Flesh, connective tissue.

15. Onych/o means

Testicle.

The same as Orchi/o.

Single, one.

Nail.

16. Tachy- (as in tachycardia) means:

A slowing down

Irregular

Fast or rapid

Malignant

17. andro means:

above, over

human

through

male

18. viscer/o means:

cut open

internal organs

exoskeleton

relate to

19. cyano

blue

white

cyanide

large

20. gno/o means:

small

knowledge

science of

branch

21. onc/o means:

old

cancer

tumor

deadly

22. iatr/o means: hirsute

iodine

physician, medicine cold

23. lip/o:

white

fat

rough

soft

24. xantho means: yellow

brown

anti

reversed

25. eti/o (as in etiology): system

science of

cause

history

26. dys- means:

two

difficult

easy

forked

27. hypo- means: below, incomplete over, outside

through

inside, within

28. chrom/o means: silver

color

brittle

shiny

29. rhabd/o means: rod-shaped

science of

rapid

history

30. sarco means: flesh, connective tissue solid

opaque

forked

31. -emia means: Blood Condition. Deficiency.

Excess of.

Death of

32. -pnea means : Break.

Breathing. Swallowing.

Circulation.

33. -stenosis means: Hardening.

Constriction.

Expanding.

Malignancy.

34. -ostomy means:

Cut into or incision.

Ablation.

Enlargement.

Create an artificial opening.

35. -otomy means:

Cut into or incision.

Ablation.

Enlargement.

Create an artificial opening.

36. -megaly means:

Multiply.

Ablation.

Enlargement.

Diseased.

37. -plasia means:

Formation, development or growth. Repairing of, suturing. Metastisizing of a tumor. Condition.

38. -cele means:

Cell.

Chest.

Cavity.

Swelling, protrusion.

39. -itis means:

Itching.

Burning.

Scaly.

Inflammation.

40. The Suffix "pepsia" refers to:

Chest muscles

The nervous system

Digestion

Hearing

41. Scraping away of the skin or mucous membrane by friction. Contusion

Abrasion

Carbuncle

Bullae

42. Surgical repair of the cornea.

Keratonomy

Corneoplasty

Keratoplasty

Keratoscopy

43. Inflammation of the tympanic membrane.

Anotia

Labyrinthitis

Meniere's disease

Myringitis

44. Bluish discoloration of the skin. Cyanosis

Edema

Cilium

Effusion

45. Disease of the heart muscle. Cardioplexy

Cardiopathy

Cardiomyopathy

Myopathy

46. Removal of the gallbladder. Cystectomy Choledochectomy Cholecystectomy Cholangiography

47. Painful menstruation. Amenorrhea Hypermenorrhea

Dyspareunia

Dysmenorrhea

48. Above the pubic bones. Perineum

Transperineal

Inferiopubic

Suprapubic

49. Enlargement of a finger or toe. Dactylomegaly

Ankylosis

Diaphysis

Kyphosis

50. The medical term for headache. Cephalgia

Cyanosis

Migraine

Concussion

51. Red blood cell.

Lymphocyte

Eosinophil

Leukocyte

Erythrocyte

52. An infection with the fungus Candida. Thrush

Macrophage

Titer

Impetigo

53. Disease of a lymph node. Lymphadenopathy

Adenoidopathy

Adenectomy

Adenitis

54. A woman who has never been pregnant. Nulligravida

Primigravida

Nullipara

Primipara

55. Accumulation of blood in a joint. Hemarthrosis

Hematuria

Hematosis

Hepatitis

56. Protrusion of the eyeballs.

Exophthalmos

Ophthalmus

Exotropia

Opacification

57. Abnormal widening of the bronchi. Bronchiolitis

Bronchiectasis

Bronchiolvescular

Asthma

58. Membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. Meninges

Cerebrospinal fluid

Meningitis

Myasthenia

59. An agent that causes disease.

Phagocyte

Protease

Prophylaxis

Pathogen

60. Blood in the urine.

Uremia

Hematocrit

Heomstasis

Hematuria

61. Erythrocytes are:

White blood cells.

Red blood cells.

Benign tumor cells.

Also known as Leukocytes.

62. The superior vena cava is:

The major artery that supplies the trunk and legs with blood. Located in the lower trunk of the body.

Located in the lower part of the neck..

Connected to the celiac trunk.

63. The common carotid artery is:

In the upper portion of the thigh.

Beneath the Medulla Oblongata

At the base of the neck.

Inside the Cerebellum

64. The carotid artery branches into the:

Internal carotid artery; the external carotid artery. Supratrochlear, supertrochlear..

Inferior thoracic, superior thoracic.

Common iliac artery, external iliac artery..

65. The integumentary system does NOT include the: Liver.

Hair.

Nails.

Mouth.

66. The right ventricle is the:

One of the primary heart valves.

Large lower cavity of the heart.

Left upper portion of the heart..

Right upper portion of the heart

67. The septum:

Divides the heart lengthwise into left and right.

separates the right and left nasal cavity.

The thin wall which separates one alveolus from another.

All of the above.

68. The cervical lymph nodes are located:

Near the groin.

In the armpit.

Near the stomach.

In the neck.

69. Inguinal means:

Near the heart.

In the groin area.

The region of the small intestines.

The lower leg.

70. Axillary lymph glands are located:

In the neck.

In the groin.

In the upper leg.

In the armpit.

71. A bronchoplasty is the surgical repair of the bronchus.

True

False

72. A fistula is tube-like passage between two organs, for example, between the

kidney and an organ of the digestive system.

True

False

73. A sigmoidoscopy is an endoscopic examination of a part of the small intestines.

True

False

74. The term percutaneous is derived from the greek "to cut a (small) incision (through the skin)"

True

False

75. Ablation refers to the procedure of expanding a vessel (e.g., an artery) using a balloon.

True

False

76. A Laryngostomy is a surgical incision (opening) from the neck into the larynx.

True

False

77. Ablution means to destroy or remove.

True

False

78. A neurorrhaphy is the separating of a blood vessel.

True

False

79. Osteoclasis is the surgical breaking of a bone.

True

False

80. Costectomy is the surgical repair of the coccyx.

True

False

Matching: Matching the terms in each of following sets with their definitions and write the appropriate letter (a-e) to the left of each number:

1. bilateral a. compound made of many subunits

2. hemiplegia b. paralysis of one side of the body

3. Quadrisect c. Partial state of unconsciousness

4. polymer d. pertaining to both sides of the body

5. semicoma e. cut into four parts

6. melanocyte a. scanty menstrual flow

7. leukoderma b. loss of color in the skin

8. xanthoocyte c. dark-colored cell

9. adhesion d. cell with yellow color

10. oligomenorrhea e. attachment of parts

11. sinistral a. parasite that lives inside the body

12. ectoparasite b. toward the left

13. endoparasite c. endbrain

14. mesencephalon d. parasite that lives outside of the body

______ 15. telenephalon e. midbrain

______

______ 16. ytoplasm a. organelles that manufacture energy from

food

______ 17. DNA b. organelles that manufacture protein

______ 18. TP c. genetic material

______ 19. ribosomes d. energy compound of the cell

______ 20. mitochondria e. fluid that fills the cell

______ 21. homeostasis a. building phase of metabolism

______ 22. catabolism b. state of internal stability

______ 23. anabolism c. fibrous protein in connective tissue

Case Studies

1. Esopha’geal spasm 食道痉挛

This patient is a 53-year-old white female who has consulted for occasional episodes of dysphagia(吞咽困难) with moderate to severe tight, gripping pain in the mid-thorax. The onset is sudden following ingestion of food or beverage. The pain is retrosternal (胸骨后的) at first and then radiates to the cervical and dorsal regions. It is not improved by assuming a supine position(仰卧). There is no vomiting or dyspnea(呼吸困难). In the absence of other symptoms, esophageal spasm is suspected. If difficulties persist, fluoroscopy(荧光检查)with a barium9(钡)swallow will be done to rule out paraesophageal hiatal hernia.(食管旁食管旁裂孔疝)

2. Pathology report-Cervical and Endometrial Biopsies

Two separate uterine(子宫的) specimens are submitted. Specimen 1 is a cervical biopsy（宫颈活检）1.3cm in maximum width by 1.1 cm thickness.

The exocervical (外子宫颈的) surface is smooth. There are numerous areas of mild to moderate dysplasia(发育异常). Slide F shows the endocervix(宫颈内膜) displaying metaplasia by hyperchromatic cells(高染色细胞) involving almost the entire thickness of the epithelium. No area of invasion of the basement is observed. There is chronic inflammation(慢性炎症).

Specimen 2 consists of multiple fragments of endometrial tissue.

Examination show a proliferative(增生性的) type of endometrium(子宫内膜). No malignancy is seen.

3. Laparoscopy(腹腔镜检查)and laparotomy(剖腹手术)

The patient was taken to the operating room under general anesthetic. A pneumoperitoneum (气腹) was performed for usual laparoscopy procedure

per an infraumbilical (脐下的) incision. Visualization(造影，显影) of the abdominal viscera(内脏) was complicated by multiple small bowel (小肠)adhesions. The laparoscopy instruments were therefore withdrawn. Interrupted 3.0 Vicryl sutures(缝合线) were placed periumbilically（脐周的）. An exploratory laparotomy （剖腹探查术）was then performed by means of

a midline incision.

81. The term supine means

A. lying face down

B. standing in the anatomic position

C. sitting

D. lying face up

82. The cervical region is the region of the

A. heart

B. arm

C. neck

D. head

83. A word that means the same as dorsal is

A. anterior

B. inferior

C. posterior

D. superior

84. the terms metaplasia and dysplasia refer to

A. formation of cells

B. numbers of cells

C. size of cells

D. color of cells

85. The phrase “adhesion were lysed”means that

A. parts were joined together

B. joined parts were separated

C. parts were removed

D. specimens were taken

86. The term hyperchromatic means

A. excessively large in size

B. excessively small in size

C. deficient in color

D. containing excess color

87. The term pneumoperitoneum refers to

A. inflation of the thoracic cavity

B. incision of the abdominal cavity

C. inflation of the abdominal cavity

D. incision of the pleural cavity

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actual a. 实际的；现实的 AD n. 公元 ad (缩) =advertisementn.广告 Add vt.添加，增加 addition n. 增加；（算数用语）加 address n. 地址 admire v. 钦佩；羡慕 admirer admiration admission n. 准入, 接纳 admit vt. 承认，准许（入场，入学，入会） adult n. 成年人 adulthood advance v. 推进，促进；前进 advancement advantage n. 优点；好处 adventure n. 冒险；奇遇 advertise vt. 为……做广告 advertisement n. 广告 advice n. 忠告，劝告，建议 advise vt. 忠告，劝告，建议aeroplane n. (英)飞机 affair n. 事，事情 current affairs affect vt. 影响 afford vt. 负担得起（……的费用）；抽得出（时间）；提供 afraid a. 害怕的；担心 be afraid of /to do sth. Africa* n. 非洲 African非洲的，非洲人的 n. 非洲人 after ad. 在后；后来 prep. 在……之后；在后面 conj. 在……以后 afternoon n. 下午，午后

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