肝胆外科文献常用英语单词

文献生词

malignancy 恶性,恶性肿瘤hepatectomy 肝切除术

bilirubin 胆红素

bilirubinemia 胆红素血症Hyperbilirubinemia 高胆红素血症Indocyanine green 吲哚花青绿indocyanine green retention 靛青绿滞留量试验hepatic insufficiency 肝功能不全,肝功能衰退jaundice 黄疸

retrospective review 回顾性调查intraoperative 手术中的,术中parameters 参数

Logistic Regression Logistic回归prognosis 预后

prognostic 预后的

hilar 门的,脐的cholangiocarcinoma 胆管上皮癌intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma 肝内胆管癌

anatomic 解剖的,解剖学的hepatic hilus 肝门

perioperative 围手术期的

indication 适应证,指征

curative 治愈的

resection 切除术

likelihood 可能性

liver function 肝功能

metastasis 转移

hepatocellular carcinoma 肝细胞癌

unexpected 意外的,忽然的

cholestasis 胆汁淤积

biliary drainage 胆汁引流

extended hemihepatectomy 扩大半肝切除术Trisegmentectomy 三段切除

Chronic viral hepatitis 慢性病毒性肝炎

cirrhosis 肝硬化

serum 免疫血清,血清

on admission 入院时,住医院时percutaneous 经皮的

transhepatic 经肝的

endoscopic biliary drainage 内镜胆管引流,内镜胆管引流术, endoscopic 内窥镜的;内窥镜检查的drainage tube 引流管,排液管

portal vein 门(静)脉

embolization 栓塞,栓塞术,栓子形成

peritoneal 腹膜的

dissemination 播散,散布

laparotomy 剖腹手术

distant metastasis 远端转移

Surgical Procedures 外科手术

anastomosis 吻合术

enteric 肠的

in terms of 以…的观点;以…的方式hemorrhage 出血

hemorrhagic 出血性的

hemolysis 溶血

hemolytic 溶血的

hematology 血液学

hematological 血液的

hemodynamics 血流动力学

coagulation status 高凝状态

prothrombin time 凝血酶原时间

activated partial thromboplastin time 激活部分促凝血酶原激酶时间antithrombin 抗凝血酶

thrombolytic 溶血栓药,血栓溶解剂

duration 持续时间;期间

nonlinear least squares method 非线性最小平方法

natural logarithm 自然对数

categorize 分类

galactose tolerance test 半乳糖耐量试验

half life 半衰期

computed tomography scan 计算机体层摄影扫描,CT扫描contrast medium 对比剂,造影剂

bolus 推注

integrated software 集成软件

variables 变量

continuous variable 连续变量

categorical variable 分类变量

univariate 单变量

multivariate 多变量

univariate analysis 单变量分析

multivariate analysis 多元分析,多元统计分析stepwise procedure 逐步过程

chi square test χ2检验,卡方检验,

cutoff value 截断值

Odds Ratio 比值比

Mann Whitney test 曼-怀二氏检验

tailed 有…尾的

receiver operating characteristic curve 接受者（机）操作特征曲线morbidity and mortality 并发症和死亡率decompression 减压

in regard to 关于,至于

living related liver transplantation 活体亲属供肝肝移植术parenchyma 实质

liver parenchyma 肝实质

excretory 排泄的,分泌的parenchymal 质的,主质的

shrinkage 皱缩,皱缩度biotransformation 生物转化

adenosine triphosphate 三磷腺苷

ammonia 氨

Aspartate Aminotransferase 天冬氨酸氨基转移酶Alanine Aminotransferase 丙氨酸氨基转移酶Lactate Dehydrogenase 乳酸脱氢酶

alkaline phosphatase 碱性磷酸酶

glutamyl 谷氨酰基

Inferior Vena Cava 下腔静脉

abdominal aorta 腹主动脉

Paraaortic 主动脉旁的

celiac axis 腹腔干

common hepatic artery 肝总动脉

proper hepatic artery 肝固有动脉

superior mesenteric Artery 肠系膜上动脉

Hepatic artery thrombosis 肝动脉血栓形成pseudoaneurysm 假性动脉瘤

portacaval shunt 门(静脉与)腔静脉分流术arterialization 动脉化

angiography 血管造影术

occlusion 闭塞梗塞

occluded 闭塞的

collateral 侧的,侧支,副的confluence 合流,汇流

autologous vein graft 自体静脉移植物

porta hepatis 肝门

Portal lymph node 肝门淋巴结

second order biliary radicles 二级胆管根

lobar atrophy 肝叶萎缩

caudate lobe 尾状叶

falciform ligament 肝镰状韧带periampullary 壶腹周围的Retroduodenal 十二指肠后的

jejunum (jejunal) 空肠（的）

ileum (ileal) 回肠（的）

colon(colonic) 结肠（的）rectum (rectal) 直肠（的）

anal canal 肛管

oncology 肿瘤学oncological 肿瘤学的neoplasm 肿瘤，新生物neoplastic 肿瘤的，新生物的neoplastic seeding 肿瘤播种papillary tumor 乳头瘤adenocarcinoma 腺癌cystadenoma 囊腺瘤

testis 睾丸

gastrinoma 胃泌素瘤squamous cell carcinoma 鳞状细胞癌carcinoid tumors 类癌

sarcoma 肉瘤

focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) 局灶性结节性增生parenchymal disease 器质性疾病advanced cancer 晚期癌症

well differentiated 分化良好

nodule 结节

nodal metastases 淋巴结转移

therapeutic effect 疗效

neoadjuvant chemotherapy 新辅助化疗radiofrequency ablation 射频消蚀

arterial chemoembolization 动脉化疗性栓塞infiltrating 浸润

macroscopically 肉眼[检查]的;目视的carcinoembryonic antigen 癌胚抗原

indication 适应症指征contraindication 禁忌证

preoperative workup 术前全面评估postoperative morbidity rate 术后并发症发生率operative approach 手术入路

radical operation 根治术,根治性手术

en bloc 整个地,整块地inoperable 不能手术的,不能做手术的palliative 姑息的

diagnostic laparoscopy 诊断性腹腔镜检查

non-therapeutic laparotomy 非治疗性剖腹探查术invasive techniques 微创技术

procedural complications 手术并发症pancreaticoduodenectomy 胰十二指肠切除术

Adrenalectomy 肾上腺切除术thrombectomy 血栓摘除术lymphadenectomy 淋巴结切除术

Lymph Node Dissection 淋巴结清扫术

lymph node harvest 淋巴结清扫

end to side anastomosis 端侧吻合术hepaticojejunostomy 肝空肠吻合术cholecystectomy 胆囊切除术

Caudate lobectomy 尾状叶切除术radiopharmaceutical agent 放射性药剂

iodized oil 碘化油

absolute ethanol 无水乙醇

scintigraphy 闪烁扫描术

helical 螺旋的,螺旋状,螺旋状的cross sectional imaging 横断层面成像magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 磁共振成像endoscopy retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

内镜下逆行胆胰管造影magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

磁共振胰胆管成像intraoperative ultrasonography 术中超声检查法contrast enhanced computed tomography对比增强扫描CT

positron emission tomography PET正电子发射断层扫描cholangiogram 胆管造影

Recurrence 复发

follow up 随访

concomitant 伴发的,附随的comorbidities 并存病

bleeding 出血,流血extravasation 外渗,溢出

hemobilia 胆道出血

biliary fistula 胆瘘

pleural effusion 胸腔积液

lung edema 肺水肿

splenomegaly 脾肿大hypersplenism 脾功能亢进

hepatic encephalopathy 肝性脑病

ascites 腹水

subphrenic abscess 膈下脓肿endotoxaemia 内毒素血症myocardial infarction 心肌梗死

pyrexial 发热的

hypothermic 低体温的

Biliary Stricture 胆管狭窄

steatohepatitis 脂肪性肝炎

fatty liver 脂肪肝

adipose tissue 脂肪组织

primary sclerosing cholangitis 原发性硬化性胆管炎angina 心绞痛

sepsis 败血症,脓毒症perfusion 灌注

ex vivo 离体,在活体外

in situ 原位

right upper quadrant 右上象限

proximal part 近心端

perineural 神经周围的bifurcation 二根分叉部,分岔ipsilateral 身体的同侧的,同侧的Institutional Review Board 机构审查委员会Ethics Committees 伦理学委员会predispose to 易患，使易感染、诱发platelet 血小板hyperalimentation 高营养支持

cirrhotic 硬变的

morbidity 并发症，发病率medications 用药

dislodge 移去,逐出,取出gonadal 性腺的,生殖腺的Histologic 组织学的

frozen section 冰冻切片

atrophy 萎缩

hypertrophy 肥大,过度生长proliferation 增生,增殖hyperplasia 增生;数量性肥大Stem cells 干细胞

bone marrow derived 骨髓衍生的epithelium 上皮,上皮细胞encased 包裹reconstruction 重建,再造,重构inflammatory 炎症性的

broad spectrum antibiotics 广谱抗菌素

blood culture 血培养

Gram Negative bacillus 革兰阴性[芽胞]杆菌cut surface 切面

stent 支架

catheter 导管

direct cannulation 直接插管spectrophotometer 分光光度计

rupture 破裂,vt.(使)破裂somatostatin 生长抑素Extracellular Matrix 细胞外基质cohort 同期组群

Length of Stay 住院时间

after discharge 出院后

stratified 分层的,成层的clear cut 明确的

In this regard 在这方面

come at a cost 是有代价的progressively 进行性地,渐进地rationale 原理,基础理论homogeneous 同类的同质的heterogeneous 异类的,不同的putative 假定的omnipotent 全能的,无所不能的as controls 作为对照preconditioned 预处理preconditioning 预处理prospectively 前瞻性prospective randomized date 前瞻性随机数据Disease-Specific survival 疾病特异性生存率

irreversible 不可逆的

references 参考

Cochrane 循证医学cholangiopancreatography 胰胆管造影术

resolution 分辨率（决心，决议解决）herein 如此,鉴于，在此处iatrogenic 医源性

palliation 缓和,减轻

running suture 连续缝合

orthotopic liver transplantation 原位肝移植chemoradiation 放化疗

preneoplastic change 癌前变化

carcinogenesis 致癌作用

dysplasia 发育不良,不典型增生endoprosthesis 内镜置管术

pruritus 瘙痒

pruritis 瘙痒症

Etiology (aetiology) 病原学

etiologic 病原学的

epidemiology 流行病学

epidemiological 流行病学的pathophysiology 病理生理学

lesion 病变

Radionuclide 放射性核素nitrosamine 亚硝胺类pathogenesis 发病机制

carcinoid 类癌

Mucinous Adenocarcinoma 粘液腺癌

Clear cell adenocarcinoma 透明细胞腺癌Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma 印戒细胞腺癌Adenosquamous Carcinoma 腺鳞状癌Squamous Cell Carcinoma 鳞状细胞癌

Oat Cell Carcinoma 燕麦细胞癌Undifferentiated Carcinoma 未分化癌Papillomatosis 乳头状瘤病Papillary Carcinoma 乳头状癌hepatoblastoma 肝母细胞瘤Haemangioendothelioma 血管内皮瘤neuroendocrine tumour 神经内分泌瘤Leiomyosarcoma 平滑肌肉瘤malignant fibrous histiocytoma 恶化纤维组织细胞瘤nodular tumors 结节性肿瘤cachexia 恶液质

sterilize 灭菌,消毒

surgical radicality 手术的根治性angiogenetic 血管生成

angiogenic 血管源性的，生成血管的antiangiogenic 抗血管生成的chemosensitization 化疗增敏photosensitizer 感光剂,光敏剂irradiation 放射，照射conformational radiotherapy 适形放射治疗brachytherapy 短距离放射治疗stereotactic 立体定位的,立体定向的interventional radiology 介入放射学

oxaliplatin 奥沙利铂

doxorubicin 多柔比星

gemcitabine 吉西他滨immunosuppressant 免疫抑制剂Portography 门静脉造影术

contrast agent 对比剂,造影剂

lipiodol 碘油

Iodophor 碘伏

cystic duct 胆囊管

choledochal duct 胆总管

choledochal cysts 胆总管囊肿

Choledocholithiasis 胆总管结石hepatolithiasis 肝内胆管结石病oriental cholangiohepatitis 东方人胆管肝炎Biliary malformation 胆管畸形

Liver fluke 肝吸虫protocol 治疗方案therapeutic regimen 治疗方案Palliative Treatment 姑息治疗Signs and Symptoms 体征和症状plethora 多血症,多血质Differential Diagnosis 鉴别诊断Randomized Controlled Trials 随机对照试验enterocinesia 肠动,肠蠕动Ligation 结扎术

luminal obstruction 官腔阻塞screening 普检,筛查,筛选predisposing factor 易感因素enhanced susceptibility 增强易感性hyperbaric oxygen treatment 高压氧治疗asymptomatic 无症状的indolent 无痛的Intractable Pain 顽固性疼痛

visceral 内脏的steatosis 脂肪变性latency 潜伏期

side effects 副作用decompensation 失代偿

anoxia 缺养症

anoxic 缺氧的anoxemia. 缺氧血症;血缺氧ischemia 局部缺血,缺血Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury 缺血再灌注损伤ischemic change 缺血性改变anemia 贫血

pyogenic 化脓的

purulent 化脓性,脓性的hepatomegaly 肝肿大umbilical fissure 裂脐

cytokine 细胞因子neuropeptide 神经肽neurotransmitter 神经递质fluorescence in situ hybridization 荧光原位杂交necrosis 坏死necrocytosis 细胞坏死

apoptosis 凋亡

apoptotic 细胞凋亡的desmoplastic reaction 纤维成形性反应oncogene 癌基因

Suppressor Genes 抑制基因

genetic 遗传的

epigenetic change 基因外改变hypermethylation 超甲基化sequential occurrence 顺序发生

stepwise 分步的,分段的,逐步的mesenchymal 间质

morphology 形态

atypia 非典型,异型性Phenotype 表型

dehydration 脱水

paraffin 石蜡

impregnation 浸渍,受精,受孕embedding 包埋,埋植

serial section 连续切片anesthesia 麻醉anesthesiology 麻醉学

anesthetist 麻醉师

orifice 管口,口,小孔

one orifice 一个管口intubate 插管

pancreatic secretion 胰腋

centrifuge 离心,,离心机cannulation 管子

reactive oxygen species 活性氧recanalization 再通，再穿通Celiac Plexus 腹腔丛

arteriolar 微动脉的,小动脉的Collateral Circulation 侧支循环

intima 内膜

subintimal 内膜下的mitochondria 线粒体

multifocal 多病灶的endemic 地方性的amenable 适合的

more specifically 更具体地说mainstay 主要依据

kink 扭折,纽结

lethal 致命的

常用英语单词归类

1..Jobs（职业篇） doctor（医生/博士）manager（经理）teacher（老师）driver（司机）student（学生）nurse（护士） scientist（科学家） singer歌手 policeman(警察)businessman商人farmer农民 waiter服务员,boss老板,visitor（参观教者）lawyer律师dancer舞蹈者actor 演员engineer工程师fireman消防员 editor 编辑guide导游, reporter记者inventor发明家 assistant（助理） cook厨师 librarian 图书管理员artist（艺术家）university大学生musician（音乐家） 2. .Food（食物篇） breakfast早餐 lunch午饭 supper晚饭 dinner晚饭，正餐 meals三餐rice（米饭）fruit（水果） orange（橙） vegetable（蔬菜）soup汤 milk products奶制品 meat 肉类 sugar食糖 grain谷类 fast food 快餐 salt食盐 beef（牛肉）pork（猪肉）chicken（鸡肉）fish（鱼） juice（果汁）drinks （饮料）cake 蛋糕 milk（牛奶）potato（土豆）carrot（萝卜） tomato（西红柿） noodle（面条）hamburger（汉堡包）Coke（可乐）beer 啤酒 ice cream（冰激凌） chocolate（巧克力）water（水） coffee 咖啡 tea茶 cookie饼干 3. Family（家庭篇） grandfather / grandpa （外）祖父 ,爷爷 grandmother / grandma（外）祖母, 奶奶father爸爸 mother妈妈 aunt阿姨 uncle叔叔 sister姐妹 brother哥弟son（儿子）parents（父；母）daughter（女儿）children 儿童 adult 成人 the old老人 the young年轻人 kid/child/ children小孩classmate同学 neighbour邻居 .4.Subjects（课程篇） class（课）art（美术chemistry（化学）history历史maths（数学） Chinese语文English英语 physics物理 music音乐 P.E体育 computer电脑geography地理biology生物 politics 政治 science class 自然课 5..Clothes（衣服） shoes鞋子 jeans（牛仔裤） T-shirt（短袖衣服） shirt（衬衫） dress（裙子）coat（大衣） skirt（短裙） trousers裤子 socks袜子 jacket 夹克衫 socks袜子 sweater毛线衣 boots靴子 hat帽子 shorts短裤 raincoat雨衣 6..Numbers（数字篇） First第一 second第二 third第三 hundred一百thousand一千 million百万billion十亿

英语词汇学考试重点整理

Explain the following terms 一1) free morpheme/ A free morpheme is one that can be uttered发出，表达alone with meaning. It can exist on its own without a bound morpheme. In the traditional sense, a free morpheme is a word. 例如hand ,eat, get 2) bound form/never used as sentences. – ess in countess, lioness and duchess –ish in boyish, childish and greenish –s in hats, books and cups 3) function words/ function words are often short words, they do not have much lexical meaning and some of them have no lexical meaning of their own; They are often short words such as determiners限定词, conjunctions连词, prepositions介词, auxiliaries辅助物, and so forth. 如to, the , of , by 4) content words实词/ They are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning. They are the nouns, main verbs, adjectives形容词and adverbs副词of a language. 二1) syntheti c综合的language / inflectional grammatical markers, French, German and Russian. 2) analytic language/word order, prepositions or auxiliary verbs , English and Chinese 3) Indo-European family of languages/ Europe and parts of Southern Asia Eight groups 三1) morphemes /The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible可分的or analyzable into smaller forms. 2) allomorphs/variants变体of the same morphem如im-, ir-, il- : allomorphs of the morpheme in- 3) root / is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. work able, work er, work ed, and work ing 4) stem /A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology. Inflectional (but not derivational) affixes are added to it. It is the part of word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. 如undesirables, undesirable; desired, desire 5) base / A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. Desirable, desire - base and root, not stem; undesirable, desirable-base, not root and stem 6) inflectional affixes/A inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality复数, tense, and the comparative比较的or superlative 最高的degree. 如-s, -ed, -er, -est 7) derivational affixes / When they are added to another morpheme, they derive a new word. re+write, mini+car, super+market, modern+ize, work+er 8) compounding 复合法/Compounding is a word-formation process consisting of combining two or more bases to form a compound word 9) derivation 派生法/Derivation or affixation is generally defined as a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix or a suffix or both to the base 10) conversion 转化法/Conversion is a word-formation process in which a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix. 11) initialism/It is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase. 12) acronym首字母缩略词/Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, etc. Acronyms differ from initialisms in that they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters. 13) blending拼缀/Blending is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by

初中英语单词分类大全(打印版)

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28. or 29. which 30.one 31. would 32. all 33. will 34. there 35. say 36. who 37. make 38. when 39. can 40. more 41. if 42. no 43. man 44. out 45. other 46.so 47. what 48. time 49. up 50. go 51. about 52. than 53. into 54. could 55. state 56.only 57. new 58. year 59. some 60. take 61. come 62. these 63. know 64. see 65. use 66. get 67. like 68. then 69. first 70. any 71. work 72. now 73. may 74. such 75. give 76. over 77. think 78. most 79. even 80. find 81. day 82. also 83. after 84. way 85. many 86. must 87. look 88. before 89. great 90. 7 back 91. through 92. long 93. where

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