直接引语与间接引语的区别和用法

直接引语与间接引语的区别和用法

定义:

直接引语:直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引号。

例:He said:" It is too late."

间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成。

例:He said it was too late.

直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题

第一:人称的变化。

主语为第一人称的直接引语,变间接引语时,人称要做相应调整。

例如:

直接引语 She said:" I am hungry."

间接引语 She said she was hungry.

直接引语 Mum said to me:" You must clean your bedroom by yourself."

间接引语 Mum told me that I had to clean my bedroom by myself.

第二:时态变化

直接引语变间接引语时,间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律如下图。

注意:

1.直接引语为客观真理时,间接引语时态不变,仍用一般现在时。

例如:Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth."

Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.

2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时,间接引语仍用一般过去时。例如:She said:" I went to England in 1998."

She said she went to England in 1998.

3.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,间接引语时态不变。

He says:" I bought you a book yesterday."

He says that he bought me a book yesterday.

第三:指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。

第四:句式上的变化

1.陈述句变间接引语时,用that连接。

如:She said:" I am a girl."

She said that she was a girl. (that可以省略)

2.一般疑问句,选择疑问句和反意疑问句变间接引语时,要用陈述语气,并要加连词if或whether。

例如:She asked me:" Are you Mr. Li?"

She asked me if I was Mr. Li.

She asked us:" Do you want to go on a picnic?"

She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.

3.特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。

例如:"How much have we spent on petrol this year," Susan asked her husband. Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.

4.祈使句变间接引语,一改二变三加四去。

一改:said (to) 改为asked或told, ordered等

二变:said to 的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语

三加:即在动词原形前加to,使成为动词不定式

四去:去掉please

例:He said to her:" Don't take the book away."

He asked her not to take the book away.

5.感叹句变为间接引语

"What awful weather it is!" she said.

She complained about the awful weather.

"What a bright girl you are." He said to me.

He praised me that I was a bright girl.

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