BEC高级精讲班1-20讲讲义12

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BEC高级精讲班第12讲讲义

VocabularyStudy

I. Vocabulary Study

-force

force noun

?MILITARY?军队

air force空军

armed forces 武装部队

?MILITARY ACTION?

[uncountable] military action used as a way of achieving your aims 武力

Peace cannot be imposed by force. 和平是不可能靠武力来强制实现的。

?PHYSICAL POWER?

[uncountable]the amount of physical power with which something moves or hits another thing 力量

force of

The force of the explosion blew out all the windows. 爆炸的力量将所有玻璃都冲击碎了。?NATURAL POWER?

[uncountable and countable] a natural power or event

the force of gravity 地心引力

?ORGANIZED GROUP?

[countable usually singular] a group of people who have been trained and organized to do a particular job 一群人

the company's sales force 公司的销售人员

the quality of the teaching force 高水平的教师队伍

task force noun [countable]

1 a group formed for a short time to deal with a particular problem 短期工作专门小组task force on

a task force on health care reform 医疗改革专门小组

2 a military force sent to a place for a special purpose 先遣部队

?STRONG INFLUENCE?

[countable] something or someone who is powerful and has a lot of influence on the way things happen 强势人物或事情

the driving force (behind something/somebody) (=the person or thing that makes something happen) 驱动力

Betty Coward was the driving force behind the project. 贝迪是这个项目的发起人。

a force for change/peace/democracy etc (=someone or something that makes change, peace etc more likely to happen) 主张改变/和平/民主的力量

-place

workplace n. 工作场所[countable] the room, building etc where you work

in the workplace

a report into discrimination in the workplace 一份关于工作场所歧视问题的报告

marketplace noun [countable]

1 the marketplace

the part of business activity that is concerned with buying and selling goods in competition with other companies 交流或竞争的场所

Some retailers worry that new regulations will hurt their ability to compete in the marketplace. 一些零售商担忧新的法规颁布后会损害它们在市场上的竞争力。

2 an open area in a town where a market is held 集市

Howcultureinfluencesbusiness

II. How culture influences business

1. Speaking.

2. Reading.

National culture, international business

barrier noun [countable]

1a rule, problem etc that prevents people from doing something, or limits what they can do 壁垒,障碍,隔阂,妨碍因素

the removal of trade barriers (=something such as a tax that makes trade between countries difficult) 取消贸易壁垒

barrier to

Problems with childcare remain the biggest barrier to women succeeding at work. 照料孩子仍是妇女在工作岗位取得成功的最大障碍。

barrier between

We want to break down barriers between doctors and patients. 我们试图打破医生和病人

间的障碍。

The language barrier (=the inability to communicate with someone because you speak a different language) makes debate impossible. 语言障碍使得辩论变得不可能。

2 a type of fence or gate that prevents people from moving in a particular direction 栅栏

Crowds burst through the barriers and ran onto the pitch. 人群冲破栅栏,跑进球场。

3 a physical object that keeps two areas, people etc apart 屏障,障碍物

barrier between

The mountains form a natural barrier between the two countries. 这些山脉在这两个国家间形成了天然的屏障。

methodology noun[uncountable and countable]

plural methodologies

the set of methods and principles that you use when studying a particular subject or doing a particular kind of work 方法

methodology for (doing) something

We've been developing a new methodology for assessing new products. 我们正在开发一种评价新产品的方法。

There are some differences in methodology between the two studies. 这两种研究在方法上有着诸多不同。

?methodological adjective

There are a few methodological issues we need to discuss.

?methodologically adverb

The study was methodologically flawed. 这项研究在方法上有瑕疵。

identical adjective exactly the same, or very similar 一模一样的

four identical houses 四座一样的房子

identical to/with

Nutritionally, infant formulas are almost identical to breast milk. 从营养角度讲,婴儿配方与母乳几乎相同。

The ingredients are identical with those of competing products. 这些成分与我们竞争对手生产的产品完全一样。

identical in

The sisters were identical in appearance and character. 这两个姐妹在长相和性格上完全一致。

?identically adverb

intrigue verb

1 [transitive] if something intrigues you, it interests you a lot because it seems strange or mysterious激起……好奇心、兴趣;迷住

Other people's houses always intrigued her. 她总是对别人的房子很感兴趣。

2 [intransitive] formal to make secret plans to harm someone or make them lose their position of power耍阴谋,实施诡计

intrigue against

While King Richard was abroad, the barons had been intriguing against him.

criterion noun plural criteria[countable usually plural]

a standard that you use to judge something or make a decision about something标准the criteria we use to select candidates 我们选择应征者的标准

criterion for

the criteria for measuring how good schools are 评判学校是否优秀的标准

Academic ability is not the sole criterion for admission to the college. 学术能力并不是大学入学的唯一标准。

a set of criteria for identifying people who are genuinely ill and unable to work meet/satisfy/fulfil criteria 满足要求

To qualify for a grant, students must satisfy certain criteria. 为了能够得到资助,学生们必须要满足一定的要求。

touch on/upon something phrasal verb

to mention a particular subject when talking or writing 提及

The report touches on the relationship between poverty and poor health. 这份报告提到了贫穷与健康差之间的关系。

These issues were touched on in Chapter 2. 第二单元涉及这些问题。

well-being noun [uncountable]

1 a feeling of being comfortable, healthy, and happy 健康,幸福

well-being of

We are responsible for the care and well-being of all our patients. 我们要对所有病人的照料和健康负责。

a sense/feeling of well-being

A good meal promotes a feeling of well-being. 一顿可口的饭菜会提升人们的幸福感。physical/psychological/material etc well-being

the physical and emotional well-being of the children 孩子的身体和情感健康

2 the well-being of a country is the state in which it is strong and doing well 国家的强大和欣欣向荣

We are now concerned for the economic well-being of the country. 我们现在担心这个国家的经济实力。

emotive adjective making people have strong feelings 激起(或表现、诉诸)感情的,情绪的

?synonym emotional

emotive issue/subject/word etc 激起人们高涨情绪的问题/话题/话语

Child abuse is an emotive subject. 虐待孩子是个令人情绪激动的话题。

?emotively adverb

underlying adjective

underlying cause/principle/problem etc

the cause, idea etc that is the most important, although it is not easily noticed 重要的原因,重要的想法

the underlying causes of her depression 他精神抑郁的重要原因

There is an underlying assumption that younger workers are easier to train. 年轻人易被培训是一条重要的观点。

prerequisite noun [countable] formal something that is necessary before something else can happen or be done先决条件,前提

prerequisite for/of/to

A reasonable proficiency in English is a prerequisite for the course. 上这门课的前提条件就是要英语流利。

dilemma noun [countable]

a situation in which it is very difficult to decide what to do, because all the choices seem equally good or equally bad 进退两难的局面

a moral dilemma 一个感情上进退两难的局面

in a dilemma

I'm in a dilemma about this job offer. 我对于这份工作邀请感到进退两难。

This placed Robert Kennedy in a dilemma. 这让罗伯特·肯尼迪处于进退两难的处境。Many women are faced with the dilemma of choosing between work and family commitments. 许多妇女都面临着在工作和奉献家庭两者之间作选择的两难处境。

scenario noun[countable]

plural scenarios

1 a situation that could possibly happen 设想可能会发生的局面

Imagine a scenario where only 20% of people have a job. 设想这样一个情景:只有20%的人有工作。

possible/likely/plausible scenario

Under a likely scenario, world population will double by 2050. 在2050年前可能会有这样一种情况,即世界人口将会翻一番。

a possible scenario 可能的情况

worst-case/nightmare scenario (=the worst possible situation) 最坏的/噩梦般的情况The worst-case scenario was that he would have to have an operation. 最坏的情况就是他将接受一次手术。

2 technical a written description of the characters, place, and things that will happen in a film, play etc(小说情节梗概)剧本提纲;电影脚本;分镜头

centre verb[transitive]

center American English

to move something to a position at the centre of something else 位于中央

The title isn't quite centred on the page, is it? 文章的标题并不在纸的正中央,是吗?centre around/round something phrasal verb

if your thoughts, activities etc centre around something or are centred around it, it is the main thing that you are concerned with or interested in 担忧或感兴趣

In the 16th century, village life centred around religion. 在16世纪,生活在村庄里的人们主要对宗教感兴趣。

centre on/upon something phrasal verb

if your attention centres on something or someone, or is centred on them, you pay more attention to them than anything else 关注

The debate centred on funding for health services. 这次辩论主要集中讨论医疗服务的资金问题。

Much of their work is centred on local development projects. 他们做的许多工作都跟当地发展的项目有关。

respondent noun [countable] formal someone who answers questions, especially in a survey 被试着

Only 62 percent of respondents said they were satisfied. 只有62%的被调查者说他们很幸福。

reasoning noun [uncountable]

a process of thinking carefully about something in order to make a judgment 推论,推理

scientific/logical/legal reasoning 科学/逻辑/法律推理

reasoning behind

What is the reasoning behind this decision? 这个决定背后的理由是什么?

plot verb

past tense and past participle plotted present participle plotting

1 [intransitive and transitive] to make a secret plan to harm a person or organization, especially a political leader or government 密谋伤害某人或组织,尤指政治领导人和政府组织

plot to do something

They had plotted to blow up the White House. 他们密谋引爆白宫。

plot against

He suspected that the military were secretly plotting against him. 他怀疑军队正在密谋推翻他。

The minister was found guilty of plotting the downfall of the government. 这位部长涉嫌阴谋推翻政府。

the story of a woman who plots revenge 一个关于一位妇女密谋报复的报道

2 [transitive] also plot out

to draw marks or a line to represent facts, numbers etc绘图

We plotted a graph to show the increase in sales figures this year. 我们将今年销售额的增长绘制在一幅图上。

plot something on something

You can plot all these numbers on one diagram for comparison. 你可以将这些数字绘制在一幅图上用作对比。

welfare noun [uncountable]

1 someone's welfare is their health and happiness 幸福,健康

Our only concern is the children's welfare. 我们唯一的担忧就是孩子们的幸福。

2 help that is provided for people who have personal or social problems 福利

welfare benefits/services/programmes etc

the provision of education and welfare services 提供教育和福利服务

The company's welfare officer deals with employees' personal problems. 这家公司的福利官员的职责就是解决员工的个人问题。

3 American English money that is paid by the government in the US to people who are very poor or unemployed 福利事业

British Equivalent: benefit

on welfare

Most of the people in this neighborhood are on welfare. 这个社区中的多数人都是靠救济生活。

bring somebody/something ? in phrasal verb

1 to introduce a new law 颁布一项新法律

Harsh anti-Trade Union laws were brought in in the early 1980s. 严厉的反工会法于80年代早期颁布。

2 to ask someone to become involved in a discussion or situation 聘请

I'd like to bring in Doctor Hall here and ask him his views. 我想聘请…博士来这里并询问他的意见。

The police were brought in to investigate the matter. 他们把警方请来,调查此事。

3 to earn a particular amount or produce a particular amount of profit 产生收益

The sale of the house only brought in about £45,000. 这栋房子只卖了4万5英镑。

4 to attract customers to a shop or business 吸引

We've got to bring in more business if we want the restaurant to survive. 我们如果想要让这家饭馆继续生存下去,我们就必须吸引更多人。

opt [intransitive] to choose one thing or do one thing instead of another 选择

opt for

We finally opted for the wood finish.我们最终选择用木头做最终的修饰.

opt to do something

Many young people are opting to go on to college. 很多年轻人现在都选择上大学.

opt out phrasal verb

to decide not to be part of a group or system 决定不参加, 退出

opt out of

Britain wants to opt out of the new European regulations. 英国打算推出新欧洲体系.

option noun

?CHOICE?

[countable] a choice you can make in a particular situation 选择

There are a number of options available.

He had two options.

This was not the only option open to him.

option for

a range of options for cutting costs

one/another option is to do something

Another option is to rent somewhere for six months.

option of doing something

She had the option of staying for an extra year.

Teenage mothers often have no option but to (=have no other choice except to) live with their parents.

E

(at) first hand

if you see, experience, hear etc something at first hand, you see, experience etc it yourself, not through other people 亲身看到、体验、听见

Many people have seen the horrors of war at first hand. 许多人都亲眼看到了战争的恐怖。

4. Reading 2.

elite noun [countable]

a group of people who have a lot of power and influence because they have money, knowledge, or special skills

political/social/economic etc elite 政治/社会/经济界精英

elite adjective

an elite group contains the best, most skilled or most experienced people or members of a larger group

an elite group of artists 一群优秀的艺术家

elite universities 优秀的大学; 一流的大学

stand alone

a) to be strong and independent 独立,自强

the courage to stand alone

b) to be at a distance from other objects or buildings 远离

The house stood alone at the end of the road.

seniority noun [uncountable]

1 if you have seniority in a company or organization, you have worked there a long time and have some official advantages资历深

I had fifteen years seniority, and they couldn't fire me. 我在这家公司有十五年了,所以他们没有解雇我。

2 when you are older or higher in rank than someone else 年长,地位高

a position of seniority 高级别职位

discharge verb

?SEND SOMEBODY AWAY?

[transitive] to officially allow someone to leave somewhere, especially the hospital or the army, navy etc, or to tell them that they must leave 正式命令某人离开(尤指)Hospitals now tend to discharge patients earlier than in the past. 医院有意让病人比以前早些出院。

discharge somebody from something

Several of the recruits were discharged from the Army due to medical problems. 一些刚招募来的新兵由于医疗问题而被军队开除。

discharge yourself British English (=leave hospital before your treatment is complete) conditionally discharge somebody British English

(=let someone leave prison if they obey particular rules)

Dunning was conditionally discharged for two years.

?GAS/LIQUID/SMOKE ETC?

[intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive] to send out gas, liquid, smoke etc, or to allow it to escape 释放气体、液体、烟雾

discharge something into something

Sewage is discharged directly into the sea. 污水直接排放入大海。

discharge into

Rainwater collects here and then discharges into the river Kennett. 雨水在这里收集,然后排放进…河。

?SHOOT?

[transitive] formal to fire a gun or shoot an arrow etc 开枪,放箭

A soldier accidentally discharged his weapon.

?DUTY/RESPONSIBILITY/DEBT ETC?

[transitive] formal to do or pay what you have a duty to do or pay 尽职,执行任务,履行

discharge your duties/responsibilities/obligations etc

The trustees failed to discharge their duties properly.

preserve verb [transitive]

1 to save something or someone from being harmed or destroyed 保护

We must encourage the planting of new trees and preserve our existing woodlands. 我们必须鼓励种植树木并保护我们现有的森林土地。

2 to make something continue without changing 继续保持

the responsibility of the police to preserve the peace 警察的职责就是维护和平

Norma tried to preserve a normal family life in difficult circumstances. 诺马想要在困境中维护好一个正常的家庭生活。

3 to store food for a long time after treating it so that it will not decay 保存食物黄色 Italy 红色 Spain 棕色 France 蓝色England 紫色 Germany

Buildinginternationalteams

III. Building international teams

1. Speaking.

BEC higher Speaking Test Part Three : 这一部分共7分钟,分为两个阶段,两个学生首先要进行3分钟的交流。这时老师递给两位考生一张纸,上面有提示性的文字放在桌子中间,让两位考生能同时看到,方便后面的讨论。

Agreeing and Disagreeing

We can reinforce a proposal by adding supporting ideas.

In order to disagree effectively, it is important to give reasons or ask questions.

P75

1. There are two fundamental problems. Firstly, the candidates only attempt to deal with the second part of the task; they ignore the bullet point about company representatives. Secondly, because they do not attempt to establish a shared context, they talk at cross-purposes. They need to establish who the visitors are and their objectives in entertaining them; then they can assess the suitability of any proposals made and move the discussion towards a conclusion

2. Both candidates are much better overall. They quickly establish the identity and profile of the visitors before addressing the first part of the task. They appear to understand the task and move it on towards a conclusion. They reach an agreement and summarize the main points.

Exam tips:

recap (recapitulate) verb[intransitive and transitive]

past tense and past participle recapped present participle recapping

to repeat the main points of something that has just been said扼要描述,概述;总结;

概括

Let me just recap what's been discussed so far.

recap on

to recap on the previous lecture

?recap noun [countable]

2. Writing.

Dear Mr. Jacek

Further to our conversation of 11 November, I am writing to confirm your visit. Since this will be your first trip to the United Kingdom, I include some information about the way we operate.

The first meeting is scheduled for 11.15 am and you should be ready to start promptly. Some people say that the British have a rather relaxed attitude to time and that starting 15 minutes late is normal. However, Jim Walsh, the Head of Sales, is extremely keen on punctuality, so do not be tempted to take any risks.

One difference between this office and yours that you may notice is the apparent lack of formality between colleagues here. In Britain it is usual to use a person’s first name once you have been introduced and you will usually be invited to do so. Also, please do not be offended if our staff here do not use your professional title; only medical docto rs are given the title “Doctor’ here. As I said, especially between colleagues, it is common simply to use a person’s first name.

A number of our managers are women and you should be aware that they are treated in exactly the same way as their male counterparts.

If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact me on 020 799 2603.

I look forward to seeing you on 8 December.

Yours sincerely

offend verb

1

[intransitive and transitive] to make someone angry or upset by doing or saying something that they think is rude, unkind etc 惹怒

His remarks deeply offended many Scottish people.

be offended by/at something

Liddy was offended by such a personal question.

The careful language is designed not to offend.

Numberexpressions

IV. Number expressions

年代的表达

年代应两位两位的表达,遇到0应念成oh.

1700/1800 seventeen hundred// eighteen hundred

2000 two thousand (twenty hundred)

2004 two thousand and four (twenty oh four)

年代的前面用介词in连接

in 2008 = in the year 2008 (在2008 年)

其他时间短语的搭配:

in the 1990s 在20世纪90年代

in the 21st century 在21世纪

in the early/late 1990s 在90年代初期/在90年代末期

in the mid-1990s 在90年代中叶

decade 注意发音

at the turn of the century

钱的表达

(1) 货币符号的正确书写£ pound $ dollar € euro

(2) 货币符号于数字的位置顺序

10镑: £10( ten pounds)

10美元: $10 (ten dollars)

(3) 各国货币的种类currency

US$4 (four US dollars)

Aus$4 (four Australia dollars)

HK$4 (four Hong Kong Dollars)

(4) 带小数点前的念法

£5.98:读做

five pounds (dollars) and ninety-eight pence (cents)(pence 是penny的复数) five pounds(dollars) ninety-eight

five ninety-eight

(5) p也是货币单位

35p (读做thirty-five p) =thirty-five pence

(6) 大笔金额的写法

$8m (eight million dollars)

£9bn (nine billion pounds)

小数的表达

0.3 nought point three(小数点前的零用nought, 英国英语)

78.03 seventy-eight point oh three (小时点后面的零读做oh)

12.12 twelve point one two (小数点后面的位数一位一位地念)

美国英语则不论零的位置都念成是zero。

分数的表达

? a h alf; ? three quarters;2? two and a half

介词用法简介Saying when things happened

在表示时间时,我们有三个介词可以选择:in,at和on。

介词in的用法:

介词in 用在年、月份、季节、一天中某个部分以及年代的前面。比如,

in 1999 在1999年

in August 在八月份

in winter 在冬季

in the afternoon, in the evening, in the morning 在下午/在晚上/在早上

in the 1950s 在50年代

in the 21st century 在21世纪

介词on的用法:

介词on用在星期几、几号等具体的日期前。比如:

on Thursday 在星期四

on 19 January 在1月19日

on Monday morning (请比较:in the morning)

on a cold night (请比较:at night)

但是当星期几的前面有指示性的词比如:this,next和last来修饰时,就不用介词on。

介词at的用法:

介词at 用在点钟、宗教节日和一些固定的词组中。比如:

at 5.30 p.m. 在下午5.30分

at Easter 在复活节

at the end of the war 在战争的末期

at the beginning of the term 在这学期开始

但是当宗教节日中带有day这个词时,前面的介词用on 。

at Christmas on Christmas Day

at/on the weekend 在周末

at Easter/Christmas // on Christmas Day

Oralpractice

V. Oral Practice

请根据下面提出的模拟场景与自己的另一学习伙伴讨论3分钟。

Scenario

Your company is entertaining foreign visitors for three days. You have been asked to organize social activities for them. Discuss and decide together:

u Which company representatives the guests should meet

u What activities would be suitable

思路提示:

Background

A manufacturing company: shoe manufacturer, sportswear manufacturer

A service provider: travel agency, in the banking sector, telecommunications,

My Situation:

I work for a sportswear manufacturer in Shanghai, China. I am in the Marketing Department. We specialise in producing casual clothes and highlight quality as our core competitiveness. Soon there will be a group of three visitors coming to visit our Pudong plant. They are from Italy. They are going to make up their mind to outsource their sportswear order to us due to our high quality of craftsmanship and our speed and delivery. Therefore, this trip is vital for our company and will mean a substantial contract to us.

Who do they meet?

I think our Italian visitors should be met by our President, CEO, Marketing Manager and Production Manager.

Possible activities to be chosen from

l A meal at an expensive restaurant: traditional Chinese food, Italian food l A round of golf: a good way of networking

l A sightseeing tour of the city: Pudong, light rail train,

l A shopping trip: souvenirs of China

l A visit to a sports event

l An evening at the theatre: Peking opera, music concert, musical

Additional Topics:

l Itinerary

l What information about visitors beforehand: how many people in the group, how many men and women delegates, their age, their hobbies and interests.

l Preparation: food, entertaining activities, accommodation, vehicles, air tickets

在这部分的交流中要注意要给对方机会,不要自己忘乎所以的高谈阔论,而对方连一句嘴都插不进来。要记住这部分是讨论(discussion),而不是辩论(debate), 比如你可以说What do you think? //What’s your opinion?//How about you?//Do you agree with me? 当对方说出自己的想法后,你还可以说I think so. // I agree with you.// Your idea sounds practical. 同时,如果你的同伴在表达上不够理想时,如果你能伸出“援助之手”的话,考官在评定你交流能力时就会给你很高的评价。

Ex. 2:

Your company is launching a new product. You have been asked to organize a public relations event as part of the launch. Discuss and decide together:

u Who should be invited

u What the programme should involve

思路提示:

Background

Car manufacturer: VW China

New product: Z4, a sports car

Target market: The car is intended for the whole China market.

My Situation:

VW China is a leading manufacturer in China. We endeavour to make an impact by launching our new car model Z4. This is a sports car with bright colours and state-of-the-art

technical improvements. We believe it must be a big hit with the young generation. Therefore, VW pay special attention to the new product launch.

Who should be invited?

At present, China’s automobile market is saturated and experiences cutthroat competition. Therefore, we have to use first-class media to publicize our Z4 to the young generation.

l Journalists from big-name motor magazines and newspapers

l Journalists from CCTV and local TV stations

l Automobile Association Officers

Programme

l Strategy announcement

l Briefings on car functions

l Comparison between Z4 and competitors’ cars

l Visit to the car plant to observe the car production

l To welcome the first Z4 rolling off the assembly line

l Welcome photographers to shoot pictures

l Time for questions and answers at the end

l Entertaining period for further contact

Additional Topic related a product launch

l Booking venue

l Catering service

l Accommodation

l Printing: brochures, information pack

l Inviting guests and confirming their arrival

l Written information, doing paperwork

l Preparing a model car on the show

Businesspassagereading

VI. Business Passage Reading.

Ban on direct selling set to be lifted

Agence France-Presse

in Shanghai

The mainland is preparing to lift its ban on direct selling and plans to issue a draft regulation by September, state press reported yesterday.

“Illegal pyramid selling will face a serious crackdown while legitimate direct selling companies from home and abroad will receive encouragement and support from the Chinese government,” said D eng Zhan, deputy director-general of the Ministry of Commerce’s Foreign Investment Administration.

The mainland imposed a ban on direct sales in 1998 after numerous fraud scandals.

Ten foreign-funded direct selling companies such as Amway and Avon were allowed to continue operations but had to shift product promotion to retail outlets, the China Daily said.

The stop-gap measures will come at the end of this year, in line with promises China made on its accession to the World Trade Organization.

Richard Holwill, vice-president of Alticor, the parent company of US-based consumer products giant Amway, said the deregulation followed the mainland’s commitments to the global trade club and the directive would improve conditions for all direct sellers.

Amway racked up about US$1 billion in revenue on the mainland last year, making the country one of its biggest markets.

pyramid selling noun [uncountable]

a business activity in which the main income comes from people who buy the right to sell products, rather than from the sale of the products themselves. Pyramid selling is illegal in many places.

crackdown noun [countable usually singular]

action that is taken to deal more strictly with crime, a problem, protests etc crackdown on/against

a military crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrations

the government's crackdown against drugs

legitimate adjective

1 fair or reasonable

Most scientists believe it is legitimate to use animals in medical research.

2 acceptable or allowed by law

Their business operations are perfectly legitimate.

3 a legitimate child is born to parents who are legally married to each other

?legitimately adverb

a legitimately elected government

He complained quite legitimately about his treatment.

?legitimacy noun [uncountable]

Opponents have questioned the legitimacy of the ruling.

fraud noun

1 [uncountable and countable] the crime of deceiving people in order to gain something such as money or goods 诈骗,欺骗,欺诈行为

tax/insurance/credit card etc fraud

He's been charged with tax fraud.

electoral fraud

2 [countable] someone or something that is not what it is claimed to be 骗子,假货

I felt like a fraud.

The police exposed the letter as a fraud.

Stop, fill, close, bridge a gap: 填补空白,弥补缺陷

directive noun [countable] an official order or instruction 命令,指令

directive on

proposals for implementing the EU directive on paternity leave

rack verb

1 [transitive usually passive] to make someone suffer great mental or physical pain Great sobs racked her body.

be racked by/with something

Her face was racked with pain.

Liza was racked by guilt.

2 rack your brains

to try very hard to remember or think of something

I racked my brains, trying to remember his name.

rack something ? up phrasal verb

to get a number or amount of something, especially a number of points in a competition 获得胜利,得分

He racked up 41 points.

VII. Reading Test Part 1

Question Type: Matching

BEC Higher考试的第一个部分就是阅读考试,共进行一个小时。你在一个小时之内要完成6个部分,52道题。在这一讲中我们就重点讲解阅读考试的第一部分。

Part One

第一部分共有8道题,考察的形式是搭配题。题目中首先给出8句话,然后有五个与商务有关的片段,或者是一篇长文章,整个文章的阅读量为450字左右。话题可能涉及产品介绍、广告、告示、书评或报纸消息等。下面我们就来看一道例题。

Questions 1-8

* Look at the sentences below and at the five pieces of advice on writing a proposal. * Which piece of advice does each sentence refer to?

* For each sentence 1-8, mark one letter A, B, C, D or E on your Answer Sheet.

* You will need to use some of these letters more than once.

Example:

You may be able to speak to someone about the proposal.

1. You should back up all claims you make.

2. Don’t repeat the content of previous proposals.

3. Emphasise how your particular expertise could help the client.

4. Companies may already have prepared some ideas about what they expect in the proposal.

5. Remember that proposals are read by more than one person.

6. Be aware that all clients regard themselves as unique.

7. You should separate verifiable information from your personal point of view.

8. Start with a statement that will be accessible to everyone who studies it. Writing a business proposal is not an easy task, so here are some tips designed to help you write a winning proposal.

When dealing with this kind of question type, you should take the following steps:

1. See the question requirement and find out the topic of the passage;

2. Underlie the key words in the eight questions so that you can have the impression of each question and help you to match them later;

3. Look at the five choices one by one. Remember that you can use any of them more than once.

Analysis:

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