Reference Tables for Physical Setting CHEMISTRY

Reference Tables for Physical Setting CHEMISTRY
Reference Tables for Physical Setting CHEMISTRY

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK?THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT?ALBANY, NY 12234 Reference Tables for Physical Setting/CHEMISTRY

2011 Edition

Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry –2011 Edition1

Ions That Form Soluble Compounds Exceptions

Group 1 ions (Li +, Na +, etc.)ammonium (NH 4+)nitrate (NO 3–)acetate (C 2H 3O 2–or CH 3COO –) hydrogen carbonate (HCO 3–)chlorate (ClO 3–)halides (Cl –, Br –, I –)when combined with Ag +, Pb 2+, or Hg 22+sulfates (SO 42–)

when combined with Ag +, Ca 2+, Sr 2+, Ba 2+, or Pb 2+

Ions That Form Insoluble Compounds *Exceptions

carbonate (CO 32–)when combined with Group 1ions or ammonium (NH 4+)chromate (CrO 42–)

when combined with Group 1ions, Ca 2+, Mg 2+, or ammonium (NH 4+)phosphate (PO 43–)when combined with Group 1ions or ammonium (NH 4+)sulfide (S 2–)when combined with Group 1ions or ammonium (NH 4+)hydroxide (OH –)

when combined with Group 1ions, Ca 2+, Ba 2+, Sr 2+, or ammonium (NH 4+)

*compounds having very low solubility in H 2O

Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry –2011 Edition

2

Table F

Solubility Guidelines for Aqueous Solutions

Table E

Selected Polyatomic Ions

Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry –2011 Edition

3

10.

20.

30.

40.

50.

60.

70.

80.

90.

100.

Temperature (°C)

S o l u b i l i t y (g s o l u t e /100. g H 2O )

150.

140.130.

120.110.100.

90.80.

70.

60.50.40.

30.

20.10.0

Table G

Solubility Curves at Standard Pressure

Table H

Vapor Pressure of Four Liquids

Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry –2011 Edition4

Li Rb

K Cs

Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Ti Mn Zn Cr Fe Co Ni Sn Pb H 2Cu Ag

Au

F 2

Cl 2Br 2I 2

Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry –2011 Edition

5

Table I

Heats of Reaction at 101.3 kPa and 298 K

Table J

Activity Series **

*The ΔH values are based on molar quantities represented in the equations.A minus sign indicates an exothermic reaction.

Metals Nonmetals Most

Most Active

Active

**Activity Series is based on the hydrogen standard. H 2is not a metal.

Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry –2011 Edition

6

Table K Common Acids

Table N

Selected Radioisotopes

Name

General Examples

Formula

Name Structural Formula

alkanes C n H 2n +2

ethane

alkenes C n H 2n ethene alkynes

C n H 2n –2

ethyne

Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry –2011 Edition

7

Table O

Symbols Used in Nuclear Chemistry

Table Q

Homologous Series of Hydrocarbons

H H H

H

H H C C C

C H

H H C C H H

H

Note:n = number of carbon atoms

Table R

Organic Functional Groups

Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry –2011 Edition8

9

S b P b

79N b +38939

R b 2-8-8-119

C s N a L i (223)F r

87

-18-32-18-8-1

+1R a 88

-18-32-18-8-2

+2(227)A c

-18-32-18-9-2

+3(261)

R f

104

138.9055L a

572-8-18-18-9-2+3178.49

H f

72

*18-32-10-2

+491.224

Z r 40

2-8-18-10-2

+447.867

T i 22

2-8-10-2

+2+3+4

50.9415V 23

2-8-11-2+2+3+451.996

C r 242-8-13-1+2+3+6

95.94M o 422-8-18-13-1+6183.84W

74

-18-32-12-2+654.9380M n 252-8-13-2+2+3+4+755.845F e 262-8-14-2+2+358.9332

C o 27

2-8-15-2+2+3

58.693N i 28

2-8-16-2+2+363.546C u 2-8-18-1+1+2107.868

A g 47

2-8-18-18-1+165.409Z n 302-8-18-2

+269.723G a 31

2-8-18-3+326.98154A l

132-8-3+310.81B

5

2-3+312.011

C 62-4–4+2+4

15.9994O

82-6–218.9984

F

2-7–120.180

N e

10

2-8

4.00260H e

2

2

28.0855

S i

14

2-8-4–4+2+4

72.64

G e 322-8-18-4

+2+4

74.9216A s 332-8-18-5–3+378.96

S e 342-8-18-6–2+4+6

127.60T e 522-8-18-18-6–2+4+6

126.904l

53

2-8-18-18-7

–1+1+5+7

131.29X e

54

2-8-18-18-8

0+2+4+6

(209)P o

84

-18-32-18-6+2+4

(210)A t 85

-18-32-18-779.904B r 35

2-8-18-7

–1+1+583.798K r

36

2-8-18-8

0+2

(222)R n

86-18-32-18-8

174.9668L u 71+3

173.04

Y b 70+2+3

168.934T m +3167.259

E r 68+3164.930H o 67+3162.500

D y 66

+3158.92565+3157.25

G d 64+3151.964E u 63+2+3150.36S m 62+2+3

(145)P m 61+3144.24N d 60

+3140.908

P r +3140.116C e 58

+3+4

232.038

T h +4231.036P a +4238.029

U

+3+4+5+6

(237)

N p (244)

P u (243)A m (247)C m +3(247)B k +3+4

(251)C f

+3(252)E s (257)F m 100(258)

M d 101(259)N o 102

(262)L r

103

30.97376P

15

2-8-5–3+3+5

32.065S 16

2-8-6

–2+4+6

39.948A r

18

2-8-80

35.453C l

17

2-8-7–1+1+5+7

118.71S n 50

2-8-18-18-4

+2+4

14.0067N

7

2-5

–3–2–1+1+2+3+4+5112.41C d 482-8-18-18-2+2114.818

I n 2-8-18-18-3+3200.59H g

80-18-32-18-2+1+2204.383

T l

81

-18-32-18-3+1+3

207.282

-18-32-18-4+2+4

208.980B i

83

-18-32-18-5+3121.760

51

2-8-18-18-5

–3+3106.42P d 462-8-18-18+2+4195.08P t 78-18-32-17-1+2+4

196.967A u -18-32-18-1

+1+3101.07

R u 442-8-18-15-1+3190.23O s 76-18-32-14-2+3+4192.217I r

77

-18-32-15-2+3+4

102.906R h 452-8-18-16-1

+3(98)T c 432-8-18-13-2+4+6+7

186.207R e 75-18-32-13-2+4+6+792.9064412-8-18-12-1+5

180.948T a 73-18-32-11-2(262)

105(266)

S g 106(272)B h 107(277)

H s 108

(276)M t 109

(281)D s (280)

R g 111(285)C n 112(289)

U u q 11488.9059Y 2-8-18-9-2

+344.9559S c 212-8-9-2+3137.33B a 562-8-18-18-8-2+287.62S r 38

2-8-18-8-2

+240.08C a 20

2-8-8-2

+224.305M g 122-8-2

+2

9.01218B e 4

2-2

+2

132.90555

2-8-18-18-8-1

+185.467837

2-8-18-8-1

+139.0983K +122.98977112-8-1

+16.9413

2-1

+11.00794

H

1

1

+1–1

*d e n o t e s t h e p r e s e n c e o f (2-8-) f o r e l e m e n t s 72 a n d a b o v e

**T h e s y s t e m a t i c n a m e s a n d s y m b o l s f o r e l e m e n t s o f a t o m i c n u m b e r s 113 a n d a b o v e

w i l l b e u s e d u n t i l t h e a p p r o v a l o f t r i v i a l n a m e s b y I U P A C .

S o u r c e : C R C H a n d b o o k o f C h e m i s t r y a n d P h y s i c s , 91s t e d ., 2010–2011, C R C P r e s s

P e r i o d

1

2

1

1

2

G r o u p G r o u p 98

754

3G r o u p

3

4

5

7

P e r i o d i c T a b l e o f t h e E l e m e n t s

C

12.011

–4+2+4

6

2-4

A t o m i c M a s s

S y m b o l A t o m i c N u m b e r

E l e c t r o n C o n f i g u r a t i o n

S e l e c t e d O x i d a t i o n S t a t e s

R e l a t i v e a t o m i c m a s s e s a r e b a s e d o n 12C = 12 (e x a c t )

N o t e : N u m b e r s i n p a r e n t h e s e s a r e m a s s n u m b e r s o f t h e m o s t s t a b l e o r c o m m o n i s o t o p e .

K E Y

(226)6

6+5+5D b 10291112

13

1415

16

1718

49

+5+5+5

90

59

91

+5

92

+3+4+5+693

94+3+4+5+6+3+4+5+69596

97T b 98

99

69

18

110(284)

U u t 113**

(288)

U u p 115(292)

U u h 116( ? )

U u s 117(294)

U u o 118+4+3

+2+3

+2+3+3+3Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry –2011 Edition

9

Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry –2011 Edition

10

T a b l e S P r o p e r t i e s o f S e l e c t e d E l e m e n t s

F i r s t A t o m i c S y m b o l N a m e

I o n i z a t i o n E l e c t r o -M e l t i n g B o i l i n g *D e n s i t y **A t o m i c N u m b e r

E n e r g y n e g a t i v i t y P o i n t P o i n t (g /c m 3)R a d i u s (k J /m o l )(K )(K )(p m )

1H h y d r o g e n 13122.21420.0.000082322H e h e l i u m 2372——40.000164373L i l i t h i u m 520.1.045416150.534130.4B e b e r y l l i u m 900.1.61560.27441.85995

B

b o r o n

8012.023*******.3484

6C c a r b o n 10862.6———757N n i t r o g e n 14023.063770.001145718O o x y g e n 13143.45490.0.001308649F f l u o r i n e 16814.053850.00155360.10

N e

n e o n 2081—24270.000825

62

11N a s o d i u m 4960.937111560.97160.12M g m a g n e s i u m 7381.392313631.74140.13A l a l u m i n u m 5781.693327922.7012414S i s i l i c o n 7871.9168735382.329611415

P

p h o s p h o r u s (w h i t e )10122.23175541.823

109

16S s u l f u r (m o n o c l i n i c )1000.2.6

3887182.0010417C l c h l o r i n e 12513.21722390.002898100.18A r a r g o n 1521—84870.00163310119K p o t a s s i u m 4190.833710320.89200.20

C a

c a l c i u m 590.1.011151757

1.54

174

21S c s c a n d i u m 6331.4181431092.9915922T i t i t a n i u m 6591.519413560.4.50614823V v a n a d i u m 6511.621833680.6.014424C r c h r o m i u m 6531.72180.29447.15130.25

M n

m a n g a n e s e 7171.61519

2334

7.3

129

26F e i r o n 7621.8181131347.8712427C o c o b a l t 760.1.917683200.8.8611828N i n i c k e l 7371.9172831868.9011729C u c o p p e r 7451.9135828358.9612230

Z n

z i n c 9061.7

693

1180.

7.134

120.

31G a g a l l i u m 5791.830324775.9112332G e g e r m a n i u m 7622.0121131065.3234120.33A s a r s e n i c (g r a y )9442.21090.—5.75120.34S e s e l e n i u m (g r a y )9412.64949584.80911835

B r b r o m i n e 1140.

3.0

266

332

3.1028

117

36K r k r y p t o n 1351—116120.0.00342511637R b r u b i d i u m 4030.83129611.5321538S r s t r o n t i u m 5491.01050.16552.64190.39Y y t t r i u m 600.1.2179536184.4717640Z r z i r c o n i u m 640.1.3212846826.52164

Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry –2011 Edition

11

F i r s t A t o m i c S y m b o l N a m e

I o n i z a t i o n E l e c t r o -M e l t i n g B o i l i n g *D e n s i t y **A t o m i c N u m b e r E n e r g y n e g a t i v i t y P o i n t P o i n t (g /c m 3)R a d i u s (k J /m o l )(K )(K )(p m )

41N b n i o b i u m 6521.62750.50178.5715642M o m o l y b d e n u m 6842.22896491210.214643T c t e c h n e t i u m 7022.12430.45381113844R u r u t h e n i u m 710.2.22606442312.113645

R h

r h o d i u m

720.2.32237396812.413446P d p a l l a d i u m 8042.21828323612.0130.47A g s i l v e r 7311.91235243510.513648C d c a d m i u m 8681.75941040.8.69140.49I n i n d i u m 5581.8430.23457.3114250

S n

t i n (w h i t e )

7092.050528757.287140.

51S b a n t i m o n y (g r a y )8312.19041860.6.68140.52T e t e l l u r i u m 8692.172312616.23213753I i o d i n e 10082.73874574.93313654X e x e n o n 1170.2.61611650.00536613655

C s

c e s i u m

3760.83029441.873

238

56B a b a r i u m 5030.91000.2170.3.6220657

L a

l a n t h a n u m

5381.111933737

6.15

194

E l e m e n t s 58–71 h a v e b e e n o m i t t e d .

72H f h a f n i u m 6591.32506487613.316473T a t a n t a l u m 7281.53290.573116.415874W t u n g s t e n 7591.73695582819.3150.75

R e

r h e n i u m 7561.934585869

20.8

141

76O s o s m i u m 8142.23306528522.58713677I r i r i d i u m 8652.22719470122.56213278P t p l a t i n u m 8642.22041409821.5130.79A u g o l d 890.2.41337312919.3130.80

H g

m e r c u r y 10071.9234

630.

13.5336

132

81T l t h a l l i u m 5891.8577174611.814482P b l e a d 7161.8600.202211.314583B i b i s m u t h 7031.954418379.79150.84P o p o l o n i u m 8122.052712359.2014285

A t

a s t a t i n e —2.2

575

148

86R n r a d o n 1037—2022110.00907414687F r f r a n c i u m 3930.7300.——24288R a r a d i u m 5090.9969—521189

A c a c t i n i u m 499

1.1

1323

3471

10.

201

E l e m e n t s 90 a n d a b o v e h a v e b e e n o m i t t e d .

*b o i l i n g p o i n t a t s t a n d a r d p r e s s u r e **d e n s i t y o f s o l i d s a n d l i q u i d s a t r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e a n d d e n s i t y o f g a s e s a t 298 K a n d 101.3 k P a — n o d a t a a v a i l a b l e

S o u r c e : C R C H a n d b o o k f o r C h e m i s t r y a n d P h y s i c s , 91s t e d ., 2010–2011, C R C P r e s s

Table T

Important Formulas and Equations Array

DET 609 ADU

Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry –2011 Edition12

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XXX 联系电话:#### 邮箱:globalxiaonizi@https://www.360docs.net/doc/47386968.html, 家庭地址:******* 求职目标 银行业 教育背景 2005.9~2009.6 上海对外贸易学院法学(国际经济法方向)本科 主修课程:国际金融、基础会计、市场营销、国际贸易实务、国际经济法、国际贸易法 实习经历 2008.1~2008.2 中国银行上海正大广场支行见习柜员 ?负责本行开户企业对账单的整理及反馈,记录每天的晨会概要,协调柜台与大堂经理的沟通,接受客户关于存贷业务的咨询,录入信用卡申请资料等 ?积极学习个人理财业务知识,协助客户经理完成指定基金的销售业绩 2007.7~2007.8 联合证券有限责任公司长江西路营业部投资经理助理 ?指导客户开户流程,在投资经理的指导下学习大盘趋势的判断,以及优质股票的推荐 ?负责与潜在客户沟通,分享理财知识,在时机成熟的情况下把投资经理推荐给客户,以其更专业的知识完成客户营销,期间团队营销业绩为8户,个人直接参与5户 2006.7~2006.8 上海零点市场调查有限公司数据采集员 ?参加过3个大型项目,根据项目要求进行电话访问、拦截访问和定点访问,克服被拒绝的心理障碍,不断尝试新的方法与客户沟通,从而赢得客户的信任 ?认真完成问卷填写,及时追问客户真实意见,经督导回访,信息准确率达到95% 实践活动 2006.9~2008.6 上海对外贸易学院励勤人才服务公司市场部业务经理 ?积极联系校外企业,拓展学生的就业市场,并参与项目管理 ?累计为学生提供20个校外工作岗位(包括促销、翻译等)、联系过8家企业来我校做招聘会(包括民生银行、中银国际等)、提出建立学生人才库的构想并录入第一批名单2007.7~2007.8 2007世界特殊奥林匹克运动会志愿者 ?在豫园进行印有Q版刘翔、姚明形象T恤衫的义卖,用双语进行解说和吆喝 ?在三天的义卖中,团队业绩20件,个人直接贡献15件 2006.9~2007.6 英语俱乐部副社长 ?负责社团日常事务的布置协调,包括校外赞助商的邀请、品牌活动英语沙龙的组织和策划、学术讲座组织、校外拓展活动的联系(例如组织社员去人民公园练口语)等 ?使英语俱乐部从一个10+的社团扩充到50+,并整理出学术类社团活动举办活动的思路2006.3~2006.12 上海对外贸易学院学生创业中心管理服务中心市场部助理 ?搜集关于创业的各种比赛、成果、政策性文件等资料,积极参与中心市场战略的制定 ?邀请钱峰明先生参加第一次创业沙龙,并为市场部确定了工作方向 获奖情况 ?学术类:国家奖学金一等奖(1次,1人/学期)、校优秀学生奖学金三等奖(2次,专业前10%) 2006-2007学年度暑期实践先进个人、暑期实践征文二等奖(3人/学期) ?实践类:上海对外贸易学院励勤人才服务公司优秀业务经理(3人/学期,公司共30人) 2007-2008学年度勤工助学先进个人(1人/学期) 2007-2008学年度法学院体育标兵(1人/学期) 技能与培训 ?语言水平:中级口译证书英语六级525 ?计算机水平:上海市电脑中级证书熟练办公软件操作

Harvard referencing 3 哈佛大学参考文献格式指导 - (世界顶尖大学专用版)

References/Bibliography Harvard Style Based on Style manual for authors, editors and printers / revised by Snooks & Co. 2002 Quick guide - How to USE IT ?There are various ways of setting out references / bibliographies for an assignment. NOTE ?Before you write your list of references/bibliography check with your lecturer/tutor for the bibliographic style preferred by the Academic Department. ?The following are examples of one style previously known as the Harvard style based on AGPS style but now revised by Snooks & Co, 2002. The style is based on the author-date system for books, articles and “non-books”. ?Your bibliography should identify an item (e.g. book, journal article, cassette tape, film, or internet site) in sufficient detail so that others may identify it and consult it. ?Your bibliography should appear at the end of your essay/report with entries listed alphabetically. ?If you have used sources from the Internet, these should be listed in your bibliography. n FOR A BOOK The details required in order are: 1. name/s of author/s, editor/s, compiler/s or the institution responsible 2. year of publication 3. title of publication and subtitle if any (all titles must be underlined or italicised) 4. series title and individual volume if any 5. edition, if other than first 6. publisher 7. place of publication 8. page number(s) if applicable ? One author Berkman, RI 1994, Find it fast: how to uncover expert information on any subject, HarperPerennial, New York. Explanation of above citation ? Two or more authors Cengel, YA & Boles, MA 1994, Thermodynamics: an engineering approach, 2nd edn, McGraw Hill, London. Cheek, J, Doskatsch, I, Hill, P & Walsh, L 1995, Finding out: information literacy for the 21st century, MacMillan Education Australia, South Melbourne.

哈佛参考文献注明方法

哈佛参考文献注明方法Referencing using the Harvard method 当你为申报学位而撰写文章、项目、作业、博士论文或硕士论文时,你需要经常参考读过的文献,以证明一个论点、说明一个要点、概括某一理论、报告资料或数据、或是证明你的推论。你必须通过列出参考信息的方式来说明你所参考的这些作品的出处。应该在行文中标注,在最后详细列出。重要的一点是,不可以陈述了其他人的材料或观点但不用列明参考信息的方式说明出处。若有这样的行为,便是抄袭,一旦发现,将按学院的不轨行为程序执行。出于以下的原因,提供参考信息是必要的: ●证明你对主题进行了研究,你的观点是基于已出版的材料而提出的。 ●使你的观点和论点充实; ●承认你采用的资料的出处,以及你的观点是由此发展而来; ●区别哪些观点是你自己的,哪些是别人的; ●让你的读者能找到你的观点的出处,能让他们自行研究这些材料。 哈佛参考文献注明方法的主要方面 哈佛参考文献注明方法(即“名称和日期”法)受到广泛应用。这一体系有两个方面。首先,在文章主体中借用他人作品之处,用括号标出引用标记。其二,在作品最后,以“参考文献”为标题按字母顺序列出文中引用的详细情况。本方法的目的在于确保你的文章正文不会因为有大量的目录信息而给读者造成干扰。引用标记含有最基本的信息,让读者在参考文献表中找到其位置。 请注意: 请各位学生注意,本校学术委员会要求所有学生了解哈佛参考文献注明体系,同时,学生也应注意,有些专业可使用不同的参考文献注明体系。如果有这种情况,教员将告知学生。如果有疑问,请询问教员。 在文中标注参考标记 参考标记通常是以下的形式: ◆用一对括号括起你所参考内容的作者的姓氏,其后是文献的出版年份。例如: 最初结论(Williams,1990)已遭到质疑(Reynolds,1994)。 ◆如果作者的名字随着行文出现了,则在括号中只添加年份。例如: 最初结论已遭到Reynolds(1995)和Roberts(1994)的质疑。 ◆若有两名作者,应同时出现在括号中。例如: 一份最近的研究(Williams及Reynolds,1996)推翻了先前的发现。 ◆若有3个或以上的作者,只列出第一个,其余人员用“等”表示。例如: 在最新的一份报告中,Smith等(1996)提供了另一种方案。

最齐全的Harvard Reference格式引用指南---英国翰思教育

英国留学的小伙伴们都知道大部分学校都是使用Harvard(哈佛)Reference格式,今天hansedu就为你整理了最全的哈佛(Harvard)格式引用指南,接下去看吧! 哈佛reference格式引用:参考List是创建工作时使用的所有资源的完整列表。这份清单包括作者的来源,出版日期,来源的标题等信息。哈佛参考Reference必须: 在文件末尾的单独一页上,作者按字母顺序排列,除非没有作者,则按照源标题排序,如果同一作者有多个作品按日期排序,如果作品在同一年,则标题按字母顺序排列,并在日期之后分配一个字母(a,b,c等)双重间隔:每行文本之间应该有一个完整的空白行,包含所有使用的文本引用的完整引用。 哈佛(Harvard)Reference格式引用:正文在使用来自另一件作品的引用或释义之后,必须包含正文引用。文本中的引用是在文本正文中的引用或释义,它们比完整的参考文献短得多。在参考文献列表中显示了文中引文的完整参考文献。在哈佛大学的引用中,正文引用包含作者或编辑的姓氏,出版年份和页码。 两三个作者:当引用两三位作者的来源时,请列出所有的姓氏; 四个或更多作者:在这种情况下,第一作者的姓氏应该用“et al”来表示; 没有作者:如果可能,请使用负责该职位的组织来代替作者。如果不是,请使用斜体标题:(引文指南,2017,pp。189-201) 同一作者的多件作品:如果引用同一年发行的一位作者的多部作品,那么在一年之后,作品会被分配一封信(a,b,c等)。这个分配是在参考清单中完成的,所以根据作者的姓氏和来源标题按字母顺序完成; 一个括号中引用多个作品:以正常方式列出文本内引用,但在不同引用之间使用分号; 在一个圆括号中引用不同版本的相同工作:包括作者的名字只有一次,后面跟着用分号隔开的所有适当的日期; 引用没有日期的:在这种情况下,只需简单说出“无日期”来代替年份:(Mitchell,无日期,第189页)。 如何引用不同的来源类型,除非明确规定,否则文本内引用使用上述规定;参考文献列表的参考文献在不同来源之间差异很大。

哈佛格式模板

For art,for audiences: How do audiences hide configuring drama and building subjects’ habits Abstract: Bourdieu's practice theory has been widely accepted by more and more scholars and used in interpreting different social life and inequality phenomena. I also try to show my interpretation and application of the theory with peer scholars, especially discuss Bourdieu's "field, habits,capital" concepts with different specific performance in different countries of Italy and Germany. The structures and changes of human society can be fully reflected from people’s activities in arts(Bourdieu, 1984). In this paper, first take the British Shakespeare drama as an example, with the famous French cultural sociologist Bourdieu view: in the field of cultural production,there is also full of interests (although the interests often exist in the "upside down" economic interests manner) field struggling to explain. Then,elaborating the Bourdieu's view through different styles between Italian audiences and Germany audiences in theaters. The former Italian audiences have clear commercial logic thinking, the latter Germany audiences tend to sacred, pure, and aesthetic logic(Parker, 1994). This paper tries to seek the original differences by means of field cultural production framework of Bourdieu. The two countries’ drama audiences rating occupying is not same, this is closely related to audience's different Opera habits. We found that the two "anonymous" processes -- the audiences change identity from craftsmen to a free artist -- have greatly affected the drama production field grade distribution and exposure the main habit differences. Through the full text analysis, we find that commercial always pushes the evolution and development of drama art. The author further reflects a simple "commercial" art as an opposition to elegant culture, and presents there is no essential distinctions between them. It largely depend on the theory of Bourdieu segmentation plays results. In the era of consumption society, in the field of power for legitimate interest of ruling, class definition will be resisted and hegemony digested more and more, it will be followed by the boundary between elegance and vulgarity tends to blur. We can use Bourdieu's theory to describe the drama field production of these two countries, analysis the two national theaters, the power relations between the reproduction of cultural capital and cultural habits of different subjects, locate the different opera styles.

哈佛格式范文

Diversity and global manager Introduction In today’s hyper-complex marketplace, every organization confronts the challenge on how to take the most advantage of the international trends to promote the overall efficiency and effect of businesses and maximize profitability. In fact, diversity has become an overwhelmingly important trend that attracts global attention, especially the human resource diversity. Generally speaking, it is a crucially important fact on organizational performance that weather the employees at all levels are well-trained, dedicated and loyal at their works. The first section demonstrates the key benefits and drawbacks of diversity, which are important for the decision-making of all companies. In the second section, the traits of global managers and their significance are discussed, which are professional background, profound management experiences, global insights and extraordinary leadership. In the last part, the link between diversity and global managers is analyzed from two aspects, and several recommendations are proposed accordingly. Diversity Diversity can be seen everywhere and the processes of most operations have a close relationship with diversity. From the very beginning, materials and manufacturing devices are outsourced from foreign regions to make commodity, advanced technology and inventions are bought to production in many ways, then, multinational workforce take their works in teams and solve problems together, in addition, attentions are paid to specific cultures to attract consumers in different countries and promotions are designed in accordance with habits of the target consumers of different nationalities. Diversity is so significant in resent days that any company can do nothing but come up with great ideas to manage diversity and take the most use of the trend. Diversity management emerges as a result of the rapid process of globalization, especially in the human resource sector such as age, religion, race, gender, culture and specialty,

harvard referrencing 参考格式

Harvard referencing - Library quick guide Updated: 19 October 2012 In-text references- examples Single author Two or three authors Four or more authors Edited book More than one citation is provided in your sentence List all citations alphabetically, with a semi-colon (;) to separate them. Secondary citation This is when you refer to the work of one author cited by another. In the Reference List, refer to the author of the book, not the cited work. For instance, in the example below, Hosany & Martin 2012 would be in the Reference List.

Encyclopedia or dictionary These are only cited in the text, and are NOT included in the Reference List. Website documents Many electronic sources do not provide page numbers, unless they are in PDF format. If quoting or paraphrasing from a website that is NOT a PDF, then the in-text reference is either: ? a section heading (e.g. Better Health Channel 2012, Body image problems in Australian men section) ? a paragraph number (e.g. Better Health Channel 2012, para. 5). Reference List - examples Book – single author Carroll, AB 2012, Business & society: ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management, 8th edn, South-Western/Cengage Learning, Mason, OH. Book – more than one author Note: List all authors, in order of appearance on the title page of the book, and use an ampersand (&) to separate the last two authors. Chalkley, T, Brown, A, Goodman, M, Cinque, T, Warren, B, Hobbs, M & Finn, M 2012, Communication, new media and everyday life, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, Vic. Book – no author Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002, 6th edn, John Wiley & Sons, Milton, Qld. Edited book Lubkin, IM & Larsen, PD (eds) 2013, Chronic illness: impact and interventions, 8th edn, Jones & Bartlett Learning, Burlington, MA. E-book from a database Benavides, EM 2012, Advanced engineering design: an integrated approach, Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK, viewed 1 October 2012, Knovel database. Journal article Taylor, CM, Karunaratne, CV & Xie, N 2012, …Glycosides of hydroxyproline: some recent, unusual discoveries?, Glycobiology, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 757-767. E-journal article from a database Hosany, S & Martin, D 2012, …Self-image congruence in consumer behavior?, Journal of Business Research, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 685-691, viewed 27 May 2012, Elsevier SD Freedom Collection. Newspaper article from a database Carney, S 2012, …Gillard paying price for gamble on the numbers?, The Age, 26 May, viewed 29 May 2012, Factiva database. Website documents Better Health Channel 2012, Body image and diets, Better Health Channel, viewed 16 July 2012, .

harvard_referencing哈弗大学参考文献格式

The University of Glamorgan Guide to Harvard Referencing e d e r , C . W . a n d N a k a s h i m a , M . (2006) ‘A d v a n c e d s t e i n c i v i l e n g i n e e r i n g ’, i n W u , C . H . (e d .) A d v a n c e d c r a s t r u c t u r e m a t e r i a l s : s c i e n c e , m e c h a n i s m s a n d p p l i c a t i o n s .N e t L i b r a r y [O n l i n e ]. A v a i l a b l e a t :t t p ://w w w .n e t l i b r a r y .c o m (A c c e s s e d : 20 J u l y 2010).

Information and data are available from various sources: from printed documents, and increasingly in electronic form: from the Internet, CD-ROM, film, television or radio. This guide sets out to provide examples of how to reference (cite) all sources of information using the Harvard Style. This is one of the most widely used systems based on the British Standard BS5605 (1990). When writing a piece of academic work you must always indicate in your text (reference) when you have used factual information, data, opinion, direct quotation, or have made a summary in your own words (paraphrased) from another source. References (also known as citations) serve to acknowledge the origins of the ideas and information used, provide support for the line of argument that you advance in your essay, and allow readers to trace your claims and check them for themselves. Where in your text you do this is the first component of the referencing system. The second component is the full details of all references you have used given in a list at the end of your assignment. Both components have to be included in any submitted piece of work. Introduction

最规范Harvard Reference

Harvard Style Instructions Names: Author’s initials are used for their first name. If an author has more than one initial do not put any spaces between initials. Where a resource has multiple authors, all authors are listed by last name and then first initial separated by commas. Titles: Use sentence-like capitalization; only the first word and proper nouns. Include article or chapter titles in single quotation marks. Book and journal titles are fully capitalized. Dates: Use on the year of the publication. For viewed dates use the format date month year with no punctuation between. Journal or Magazine Article Pattern: [Author last name], [Author first initial] [Year], ‘[Title of article]’, [Journal Name], [Volume number], [issue number], pp. [page number start]-[end], [URL or Database Name], [EBSCO host], viewed [day month year]. Example: Maynard, W 1999 'Thoreau's House at Walden', Art Bulletin, 81, 2, pp. 303, Academic Search Premier, EBSCO host, viiewed 6 December 2010 Journal or Magazine Article w/No Author Pattern: ‘[Title of article]’ [Year], [Journal Name], [Volume number], [issue number], pp. [page number start]-end], [URL or Database Name], [EBSCO host], viewed [day month year]. Example: 'Royal Dogfight' 2004, People, 61, 1, p. 28, Academic Search Premier, EBSCO host, viewed 6 December 2010. Online Newspaper Article

哈弗文献格式

哈佛文献标注方法(Harvard referencing system) 外国的老师很看重学生参考文献的引用,这个也是占分数的。很多欧洲和澳洲的大学一般要求哈佛大学文献参考系统。操作方法如下: 一、正文中 国外的文献引用方法和中文有很大的差异性,中文引用喜欢照搬别人的原话,但英文一般不这样,要自己归纳别人的观点,或者说别人做了什么研究,结论如何,总之最好不要原文照搬。 (一)文中不出现作者姓名 如果引用作者的某句话或者某个观点,就在这句话的末尾加(),()内要标注作者的姓名和该文章出版的年份,如(Author2005)。反是有引用的,不管是从报纸上来的、还是书本、论文都要标。 如:Makingreference to published work appears to be characteristic ofwriting for aprofessional audience (Cormack1994). 如:(Jones1946;Smith 1948) 如:Recentresearch has found that the majority of……(Green et al 1995) Meeloun微信公众号 (二)文中出现作者姓名 如果正文中出现了作者的姓名,如xxx said/ concluded/ suggests….则在姓名后面加(),()内只要标注年份即可,如(2005)。 如:Cormack(1994, p.32-33) statesthat 'whenwriting for a professional readership, writers invariably makereference toalready published works'. 如:Jones (1946)and Smith (1948)have both shown…… 如:Green et al(1995) found that themajority …… (三) 其他情况 如果一个作者同年出版了两本书,如2005年,要这样标:(Author 2005a) 或(Author2005b);如果在一篇文章中引用多篇报纸文章,要表明这篇报纸文章的具体日期,如(TheGuardian, October 18, 2005)。 二、文末 在文末还要列个参考文献列表。英文不用像中文那样标1234等,只要按照正文中的引用次序依次排列就可以了。 (一)一个作者 1、引用书籍: 姓氏,名字的首个大写字母., 年份. 书本名称(斜体).第几版. 出版社地点:出版社.页码. 如: Redman,P., 2006. Good essay writing: a social sciences guide.3rd ed. London: OpenUniversity in assoc. with Sage. 2、期刊 姓氏,名字的首个大写字母., 年份. 文章名.期刊名(斜体),第几卷(Volume)第几期(number),页码. Perry,C., 2001. What health care assistants know about cleanhands. Nursing Times,97(22),p.63-64.

哈佛参考文献格式

哈佛参考文献格式[编辑] 维基百科,自由的百科全书 哈佛参考文献格式[1]是一种罗列引用的方式,它将引用文献的其中一部分用括号包含起来,放在正文之内。与之相对的是传统的将参考文献标注于文末(尾注)。[2][3] 目录 ? 1 参考文献 o1.1 引用 o1.2 书目 ? 2 延伸阅读 ? 3 参见 参考文献[编辑] 引用[编辑] 1. ^Harvard System of Referencing Guide. Anglia Ruskin University. 21 May 2012 [4 September 2012]. 2. ^"Author-date system, Chicago Manual of Style, Williams College Libraries, accessed 25 October 2010. 3. ^ Pears, R and Shields, G Cite them right : the essential referencing guide (2008) ISBN 978-0-9551216-1-6 书目[编辑] ?American Psychological Association (2001). Citations in Text of Electronic Material, APA Style. ?British Standards Institution (1990). Recommendations for citing and referencing published material, 2nd ed., London: British Standards Institution. ?Chernin, Eli (1988). "The 'Harvard system': a mystery dispelled", British Medical Journal. October 22, 1988, pp. 1062–1063. ?The Chicago Manual of Style (2003), 15th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN

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