跨文化交际monochronic and polychronic time

跨文化交际monochronic and polychronic time

MONOCHRONIC PEOPLE do one thing at one time concentrate on the job

take time commitments(deadlines, schedules) seriously

are low-context and need information

are committed to the job

adhere religiously to plans

are concerned about not disturbing-others; follow rules of privacy and consideration

show great respect for private property; seldom borrow or lend emphasize promptness

are accustomed to short-time relationships POLYCHRONIC PEOPLE

do many things at a time

are highly distractible and subject to interruptions

consider time commitments an objective to be achieved, if possible are high-context and already have information

are committed to people and human relationships

change plans often and easily

are more concerned with those who are closely related( family, friends, close business associates) than with privacy

borrow and lend things often and easily

base promptness on the relationsip have strong tendency to build lifetime relationships

文化差异与跨文化交际章节答案

第一章 1 【单选题】(10分) 中西方文化交流的历史源远流长,历史上有一条连接东西方文明古国的通道被称之为“丝绸之路”。“丝绸之路”的得名是由()提出的。 A. 张骞 B. 汉和帝 C. 汉武帝 正确 查看答案解析 10分 2 【多选题】(10分) 广义上的“丝绸之路”除了包括陆上丝绸之路外,还包括海上丝绸之路。海上丝绸之路由()组成。 D. 北洋航线 正确 查看答案解析 10分 3 【多选题】(10分) “丝绸之路”曾作为连接中西方的重要通道发挥着重要的作用。其发挥的作用主要是指()。 B. 军事作用 正确 查看答案解析

10分 4 【单选题】(10分) 通过“陆上丝绸之路”,于()年粟特人将制造葡萄酒的技术传入中国。 B. 康熙九年 C. 崇祯十六年 D. 元和七年 正确 查看答案解析 10分 5 【单选题】(10分) 汉武帝时期,()为开拓“丝绸之路”立下了汗马功劳,被誉为“中国走向世界第一人”。 A. 卫青 B. 霍去病 D. 司马迁 正确 查看答案解析 10分 6 【多选题】(10分) 鸠摩罗什把佛教从西方引入中国,将大量经书翻译成汉语,为佛教在中国的传播做出了巨大的贡献。他与()和玄奘并称为中国佛教四大译经家。 B. 鉴真 C. 法显 正确 查看答案解析 10分 7 【单选题】(10分) ()17岁时跟随父亲和叔叔历时四年来到中国,与元世祖忽必烈建立了友谊。后由鲁斯蒂谦将其在中国见闻轶事整理并编着成游记,在欧洲广为流传,激起了欧洲人对东方的向往。

A. 查理·马特 C. 利玛窦 D. 阿基米德 正确 查看答案解析 10分 8 【多选题】(10分) 佛教传入中国后对中国文化的影响巨大。中国历史上就曾修建过许多反映佛教文化的石窟,其中敦煌莫高窟与()并称为中国四大石窟。 A. 固原须弥山石窟 正确 查看答案解析 10分 9 【多选题】(10分) 利玛窦不仅将中国文化介绍到了西方,而且帮助中国人打开了视野,使中国人了解到了西方。正是由于他的到来,使中国人第一次接触到了()。 D. 西方哲学 正确答案是:A,B,C 查看答案解析 10 【多选题】(10分) “丝绸之路”加强了东西方的贸易往来。通过“丝绸之路”中国将()运输到东南亚、南亚、东非以及欧洲各国。

外国留学生在中国的跨文化交际案例研究

外国留学生在中国的跨文化交际案例研究由于全球一体化和经济全球化的发展,各国之间的经济合作与往来日益增强。不同文化背景的人们之间的经济合作及国际商务活动也日趋频繁,增强文化理解、克服文化冲突、增强文化沟通与合作就显得尤为重要。近些年来,中国经济与科技的蓬勃发展,中国文化的博大精深,吸引了越来越多的外国留学生来华求学。据我国教育部统计,2008年全国来华留学生总数首次突破了20万。越来越多的各国留学生来中国学习汉语,以便尽快的实现与中国人的交际进而实现与中国人在各个领域实现交流、沟通、合作、共赢。但通过一段时间的学习和交流之后,即使学生有了一定的词汇基础,掌握了基本的语法知识,但仍然常常在交际中遇到难题,有时候甚至搞出很多笑话和严重的文化上的不妥行为,究其根源,是因为留学生们或多或少地存在跨文化交际障碍。其实,对于学习汉语的外留学生来讲,学习汉语不光是只要明白发音,认识汉字,语法等。如果留学生在学习汉语的过程中能对于中国的历史,价值观,风土人情,宗教信仰等因素有适当的了解,就能在很大程度上帮助其学习好汉语并应用于交际。因此,必须加强对来华留学生的跨文化交流研究。 关键词:外国留学生跨文化交际 一、文化和文化差异 跨文化交流,来自不同文化的交流才可以是跨文化交流。不同的文化显然是有差异的,即文化差异的存在。于是,我们应当首先理解“文化”和“文化差异”的意义何在。“文化”一词源远流长,古往

今来,不同的学者从不同的角度和层次对文化进行定义和阐述,反映了文化涵盖内容的广泛和深入,以及人类对于文化研究的重视。英国人类学家泰勒(Edward Burnett Tylor)在其著作《原始文化》一书给文化这样定义:所谓文化或文明乃是包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习惯以及其他人类作为社会的成员而获得的种种能力、习性在内的一种复合整体。这主要是从思想和行为层面对文化进行定义,而不少学者认为,文化除了精神文化、方式文化外,还包括物质文化。文化的冰山比喻有助于对文化的全面理解。文化是由显性部分和隐性部分组成的,显性部分即冰山浮出水面的可视部分,是外在直观的事物,隐性部分即冰山水下的不可视部分,例如社会规范、价值观、信念等。本人认为,文化是由人类创造的,特定群体所表现的具有显隐双重性的物质与精神成果及行为方式的总和。显性文化反映和体现了隐性文化,隐性文化驱动和支配着显性文化,两者相互联系和影响,构成有机的统一体。 所谓文化差异,简要地说,即不同国家、民族在文化上的差别。文化差异是复杂多样的,我认为应当从文化显隐性的特点出发,将文化差异分为显性差异与隐性差异。显性差异通过人类改造自然与社会的物质成果表现出来。需要说明的是,语言的不同亦属于显性差异。语言不可视、不可触,却可以听到,它是一个客观存在。隐性差异通过人类改造自然与社会的行为方式、创造的精神成果表现出来。不同文化背景的人在跨文化交流的过程中避免不了文化差异的问题,而文化差异的更深层次会导致文化冲突。

跨文化交际案例分析

跨文化交际案例分析 LEKIBM standardization office【IBM5AB- LEKIBMK08- LEKIBM2C】

Case Study 1 Age and Status 两位同事的矛盾使一家数据处理公司的总经理遇到了麻烦。一方是一位踌躇满志的法裔加拿大小伙子,另一方是一位有特许签证的年长的中国女性,而此前两人确实很好的合作伙伴….. Case description: A manager in a data-processing company was having difficulty dealing with a conflict between a young, ambitious French Canadian male and his co-worker, an older Chinese woman who was on a special visa from China. She had recently become uncooperative and had made it clear to the manager that she would not be willing to travel to the capital with her co-worker to hold discussion with legislators about a new product with great enthusiasm. When the manager asked her what the problem was, he received no clear explanation. When he asked her co-worker, the young man had no insights to offer. The young French Canadian was clearly annoyed, however, that the Chinese woman was refusing to share her data with him. That meant he couldn’t make the presentation to the legislators because she had all the key data on her computer disks. The manager repeated questions to her but her “problem” got nowhere. So he changed his approach. He began explaining his concerns, as manger and as spokesperson for the company, about the upcoming meeting with legislators. His explanation about his position was unemotional. In that climate she then felt she could explain her position. She revealed she felt that that as an older, and to her mind, more senior person, she should not be sent to the capitol with a younger employee who would do the presentation of material she had worked hard to develop. That would diminish her status, she felt. The general manger knew the root of his headache. Questions: 1.What do you think caused the conflict? 2. What would you do to resolve the conflict if you were the general manager? 矛盾冲突 这位年长的中国女士投入极大的热情和精力开发产品.却在最后的关键时刻拒绝与年轻的同事一同去向议员做推介:当经理和同事问其原因.她并未做任何明确的回答:而当经理改变策略,不再直接询问原因,而是迂回地讲起自己的困境时,她才道出自己的顾虑。在这位资深年长的中国女士看来,同一位比她年轻的同事一同去国会,并且由对方来做推介会影响到她的地位和威信,因此她无法同意: 原因分析 造成这一矛盾的文化因素有两方面.对地位、年龄的不同态度以及这种不同的表达方式。人对权力的认识因文化背景的不同而不同。根据霍夫斯特的调查研

文化差异与跨文化交际

文化差异与跨文化交际 第一章单元测试 1、李希霍芬 2、东洋航线西洋航线南洋航线 3、贸易作用外交作用文化交流作用 4、贞观十四年 5、张骞 6、不空真谛 7、马可?波罗 8、天水麦积山石窟洛阳龙门石窟大同云冈石窟 9、西洋音乐西方油画机械钟表 10、瓷器茶叶丝绸 第二章单元测试 1、美国 2、牛仔鸡尾酒快餐 3、熊猫京剧长城 4、丝绸之路四大发明 5、语言饮食宗教 6、江南民居川西民居北京四合院书院建筑 7、巴洛克式建筑罗马式建筑哥特式建筑洛可可建筑 8、雕梁画柱飞檐斗拱亭台楼阁 9、伦敦圣保罗大教堂梵蒂冈圣保罗大教堂 10、洛可可式建筑 11、粤菜湘菜川菜鲁菜 12、勺子筷子盆子碗 13、红茶白茶黑茶绿茶 14、二锅头黄酒 15、豫剧黄梅戏京剧评剧 16、扬琴古琴 17、茶花女卡门图兰朵 18、最后的晚餐蒙娜丽莎 19、澳大利亚 20、BDCEA 第三章单元测试 1、全选 2、傅聪傅敏 3、Skype Twitter 4、文化背景年龄年龄 5、受众面广不受时空限制

7、叔侄关系 8、自然形成无需刻意建立恒久不变 9、宰相肚里能撑船。人非圣贤孰能无过?退一步海阔天空 10、全选 11、面试出席婚礼谈判 12、全选 13、合理的 14、包容的精神 15、机智幽默 16、清晨晚10点半以后 17、于约定时间前去朋友家做客 临时起意邀请朋友过来用餐 朋友婚礼赠送礼金 18、主人为客人夹菜相互劝酒客套表示谦虚 19、注重个人隐私把家视为私人的空间 20、于约定时间后五到十分钟到达准时到达 第四章单元测试 1、情景语境文化语境 2、是否已婚收入财产 3、百年好合 4、外语能力语用能力文化背景知识 5、口语交际书面语交际 6、含蓄隐晦间接 7、表情空间沉默 8、低语境国家 9、日本墨西哥 10、老乡观念强邻里关系紧密战友关系紧密对家族观念强 11、参与模式 12、全选 13、互动频繁可以当面争执 14、. 健康婚姻年薪 15、全选 第五章单元测试 1、非语言交际 2、音量的大小语速的快慢语速的轻重 3、品牌标识交通标识 4、口头形式文字形式 5、言谈 6、商务政务

跨文化交际案例分析(共7个)

《跨文化交际学概论》第七章社会交往五、宴请招待p132 Case One: Setting Rules for a Guest – American Hospitality 案例: When Zhang Tao traveled in America, he lived in the home of his American friend, Bill. Once after he had traveled back, he found Bill was in a bad mood. When he asked what the problem was, Bill told Zhang Tao that his son Adam got furious about the noise Zhang made when walking upstairs and also because he was using too much water in the solar powered shower and Adam had to have his shower in cold water. Bill told Zhang Tao that he should walk more softly in future, and have a fast shower to save water. Zhang Tao felt uneasy. How could the host set such rules for his guest! Question: Why did Zhang Tao feel uneasy? 分析: 1) In China, when people host someone, they put the guest in the place of honor to show hospitality. They try to take care of the guest,and try to make the guest feel comfortable and at ease. 2) In America, people tend to give the guest great freedom and treat a guest more casually, naturally and truthfully. 3) Zhang Tao knew he was a guest, and thought in terms of Chinese expectations of hospitality. He thought Bill should treat him courteously instead of setting rules for him. 4) Since Zhang Tao lived in American surroundings, he should have known about the customs there sooner. Case Two: 案例: Lin had traveled 20 hours from Beijing to New York. He needed a good meal. His American friend, Mike, met him. But Mike only offered him a plate of roasted chicken and a glass of orange juice. Lin was used to having a main course, and asked Mike if he had any rice. Mike said he only had fried noodles, and Lin had to make do with it. Though Lin knew Americans didn’t care very much about what food they ate, he still felt surprised because he had taken Mike to the most famous duck restaurant in Beijing -- Quanjude -- when he arrived in Beijing. Question: Why did Lin feel surprised? Offer some advice to him about adjusting to his new environment in America.

文化差异与跨文化交际2019

本文内容详情如下: 1.1丝绸之路 1 中西方文化交流的历史源远流长,历史上有一条连接东西方文明古国的通道被称之为“丝绸之路”。“丝绸之路”的得名是由(D)提出的。 A、张骞 B、汉和帝 C、汉武帝 D、李希霍芬 2 “丝绸之路”曾作为连接中西方的重要通道发挥着重要的作用。不发挥的作用主要是指(B)。 A、贸易作用 B、军事作用 C、外交作用 D、文化交流作用 3

“丝绸之路”加强了东西方的贸易往来。通过“丝绸之路”中国没将(B)运输到东南亚、南亚、东非以及欧洲各国。 A、瓷器 B、茶叶 C、香料 D、丝绸 4 古代丝绸之路不仅指陆上丝绸之路,还包括海上丝绸之路。对 5 通过丝绸之路,中国人将四大发明传到欧洲;西方人将印度哲学、阿拉伯的历法和医术传入中国,促进了中西方文化的交流。对 1.2东西方文化传播 1 佛教传入中国后对中国文化的影响巨大。中国历史上就曾修建过许多反映佛教文化的石窟,其中下面那个不是敦煌莫高窟与(A)并称为中国四大石窟。 A、固原须弥山石窟 B、天水麦积山石窟 C、洛阳龙门石窟

D、大同云冈石窟 2 希腊著名数学家、物理学家阿基米德的《方法论》手稿重写本经美国科学家研究终于在X射线下回复了原有内容。A A、对 B、错 3 张骞第二次出使西域大获成功,受到了汉武帝的称赞,被封为太中大夫。A A、对 B、错 4 马可?波罗著的《马可·波罗游记》记述了他在东方最富有的国家——中国的所见所闻,激起了欧洲人对东方的热烈向往。后来这本书在欧洲非常畅销。错 5 公元3到13世纪,欧洲各国普遍使用羊皮纸书写文件,从14世纪起羊皮纸逐渐被中国的纸所取代,羊皮纸从此退出历史舞台。错

跨文化交际案例

跨文化交际案例题(1,2) Case Studies Case One Phil is my foreign teacher. He is very nice and friendly to me and he often asks us to have free talk in his apartment. One day, I decided to give Phil a gift to express my appreciation of his help in my oral English. I called him but the line was busy. So I went to Phil’s apartment directly. He opened the door looking surprised, but didn’t let me in. I stood in the corridor and said a few words of thanks, and gave my gift to him and left quietly with great disappointment and puzzlement.. How could he be so cold to me? All my gratitude and fondness of Phil seemed to have gone. .. Case Two I could never forget my experience of an oral exam with our American teacher Mary. After reading the passage I

文化差异与跨文化交际2019尔雅答案100分

。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。 丝绸之路 1 中西方文化交流的历史源远流长,历史上有一条连接东西方文明古国的通道被称之为“丝绸之路”。“丝绸之路”的得名是由(D)提出的。 A、张骞 B、汉和帝 C、汉武帝 D、李希霍芬 2 “丝绸之路”曾作为连接中西方的重要通道发挥着重要的作用。不发挥的作用主要是指(B)。 A、贸易作用 B、军事作用 C、外交作用 D、文化交流作用 3

“丝绸之路”加强了东西方的贸易往来。通过“丝绸之路”中国没将(B)运输到东南亚、南亚、东非以及欧洲各国。 A、瓷器 B、茶叶 C、香料 D、丝绸 4 古代丝绸之路不仅指陆上丝绸之路,还包括海上丝绸之路。对 5 通过丝绸之路,中国人将四大发明传到欧洲;西方人将印度哲学、阿拉伯的历法和医术传入中国,促进了中西方文化的交流。对 东西方文化传播 1 佛教传入中国后对中国文化的影响巨大。中国历史上就曾修建过许多反映佛教文化的石窟,其中下面那个不是敦煌莫高窟与(A)并称为中国四大石窟。 A、固原须弥山石窟 B、天水麦积山石窟 C、洛阳龙门石窟

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