2016年英语高考热点专题复习专题01词法(一)

专题一:词法(一)

1. 冠词

一、考点精要

【授之以渔】冠词一直是近年来高考英语科中的热点,也是命题人员越来越侧重考查广大考生基础的知识点。是语法填空和短文填空常考的语法项目。冠词的用法庞杂,学习时要把握其要害,可数名词和不可数名词、具体名词和抽象名词、泛指和特指、类指和专指这四组概念是领悟和掌握冠词用法的关键所在。冠词的使用比较灵活,考试大纲也要求考生应具备较强的语言应用能力,能在具体语境中准确地判断冠词的用法。高考对冠词的考查非常灵活且难度较大,不易把握,大部分冠词题答案的选择取决于题干语境。因此,很有必要对近年来高考重点考查的冠词的用法进行归类比较分析,剖析试题中频繁凸现的冠词要点。

考点1. 定冠词

【巧点妙拨】定冠词常考到的用法:(1)特指某些人或事物;(2)说话双方都知道的人或事物;(3)用于复述上文中提到的人或物;(4)姓氏复数前面用定冠词表示全家人,或家庭中的夫妇、兄弟、姐妹等;(5)用于单数名词前表示类别;(6)用于形容词前表示一类人;(7)用于序数词或最高级前;(8)一些习惯短语中或西洋乐器前;(9)世界上独一无二的事物前;(10)用于表示计量单位的名词前;如by the hour;(11)“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位名词”结构中。

考点2. 不定冠词

【巧点妙拨】不定冠词常考到的用法:(1)泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个;(2)用于序数词前表示“再一,又一”;(3)用于形容词最高级前表示“很,非常”;(4)用于具体化了的抽象名词前;(5)在专有名词前表示“某一类,类似的一个”;(6)用于of短语中表示“同一”,相当于the same。

考点3. 零冠词

【巧点妙拨】零冠词常考到的用法:(1)用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词前;(2)用于作表语、补足语、同位语的职务、头衔名词前;(3)用于turn表示“变成”后,作表语的单数名词前;(4)用于as/though引导的让步状语从句倒装的单数名词前;(5)用于某些用介词by构成的表示方式的短语中;(6)表示四季、星期、月、节假日、三餐、球类运动、语言、学科名词前;(7)no与such连用修饰名词时,such之后的名词采用零冠词用法。

考点4. 冠词在固定搭配中的应用

【巧点妙拨】英语的固定搭配和习惯搭配非常丰富,其中有的要用冠词,有的不用冠词,这需要同学们在平时的学习中注意积累。如:某些固定短语中,要求不用冠词。 in peace 平安,平静,by chance 碰巧。有些词组中有无冠词含义不同。

at table 在进餐 in hospital 住院

at the table 坐在桌子旁in the hospital 在医院工作或参观

be in charge of 负责… be in the charge of 由…负责

out of question 不成问题out of the question根本不可能

二、典题对应

【名师坐堂】在平时的备考过程中,应充分重视对最基本的冠词知识的掌握和理解,同时注意冠词的活用。

典题1. Then everyone in the carriage began searching for the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from its owner. The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success. (2014年浙江卷短文改错)

答案:a ticket中的a改为the。解析:此处用the表示特指上文中提到的“那张票”。

典题2. But I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity! (2014年陕西卷短文改错)

答案:冠词a改为an。解析:impressive是以元音开头的词,故应该用an。

典题3. The Smiths don’t usually like staying at ______hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ______ sea.(2012年江西卷)

A. /; a

B. the; the

C. /; the

D. the; a

答案:C。句意:史密斯夫妇不太喜欢住旅馆,但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒服的旅馆住了几天。

解析:本题考查冠词的用法。第一空hotels是复数,没有特指,故不用冠词;第二空by the sea意为“在海边”。

典题4. As result, the plants are growing everywhere. (2014年全国卷I短文改错)

答案:As后加a。

解析:as a result为固定短语。

三、命题趋向

高考将冠词的基本用法的考查作为重点,而将冠词活用及习惯搭配作为考查难点。

趋向1. 冠词的基本用法

Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. (2014年四川卷短文改错)

答案:a改为the。解析:用定冠词表特指。

趋向2. 冠词的活用及习惯搭配

I know you don’t like ______ music very much. But what do you think of ______ music in the film we saw yesterday?

A. 不填;不填

B. the; the

C. the; 不填

D. 不填; the

答案:D。句意:我知道你不喜欢音乐,但是你认为我们昨天看的电影中的音乐怎么样?

解析:music意为“音乐”,前不用冠词。第二个music指电影中的音乐,表示特指,要用定冠词the。

四、直击高考

I. 在必要的地方填上适当的冠词。

1. I think ______ good knowledge of English is ______ great help when travelling around ____ world.

2. Look at ______ sky. What ______ fine weather we are having!

3. Now I’m on ______ diet. I’m trying to lose ______ weight.

4. Though ______ word came that she was completely defeated, she didn’t lose ____ heart.

5. ______ more you speak English, ______ easier it will be.

6. What ______ fun it is to travel in ______ spaceship!

7. Qingdao is ______ most beautiful city. I hope to pay it ______ second visit.

8. —Do you know who invented ______ computer?

—Sorry, but I only know it is really ______ useful invention.

9. Wang Baoqiang used to be a farmer, then he turned ______ actor.

10. ______ Smiths elected him ______ head of the workshop.

11. The mother took the child by ______ hand.

12. She likes not only playing _____ piano but also _____ football.

13. ______ singer and ______ dancer is my friend’s wife.

14. Don’t tell ______ lie. Tell ______ truth please.

15. Some people are still in ______ habit of spitting in ______ public places.

II. 选择填空

1. The Wilsons live in ______ A-shaped house near the coast. It is ______ 17th century cottage.

A. the; /

B. an; the

C. /; the

D. an; a

2. Jumping out of ______ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ______ exciting experience.

A.不填; the

B.不填; an

C. an; an

D. the; the

3. Mrs. Tailor has ______ 8-year-old daughter who has ______ gift

for painting ——she has won two national prizes.

A. a;a

B. an; the

C. an;a

D. the;a

4. —I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over ______

keyboard.

—You shouldn’t put drinks near ______ computer.

A. the; 不填

B. the; a

C. a; 不填

D. a; a

5. Making ______ good impression on the interviewers is of

______ vital importance.

A.a; /

B. a; a

C. /; /

D. /; a

6. As a rule, the workers are paid ______.

A. by the hour

B. by hour

C. by an hour

D. by hours

7. ______, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.

A. A quiet student as he may be

B. Quiet student as he may be

C. Be a quiet student as he may

D. Quiet as he may be a student

8. The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have ______ third one because ______ second one is rather too small.

A. a; a

B. the; the

C. a; the

D. the; a

9. Sam has been appointed ______ manager of the engineering department to take ______ place of George.

A. / ; /

B. the; /

C. the; the

D. / ; the

10. It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ______ night sky.

A. 不填;a

B. a; the

C. the; a

D. the; 不填

2.名词

一、考点精要

【授之以渔】名词是历年英语高考试题中都要涉及的考点,常分布在完形填空、阅读理解、语法填空和短文改错等各类题型中,既要考察名词的数、名词作定语、抽象名词具体化等,还要综合考查名词在具体的、固定结构中的词义辨析、搭配方式等。在平时学习中,要注意对常见名词用法的积累,了解其在各种语境下的应用;还要注意名词的熟词生义的用法。还要注意一些名词的惯用法,尤其是与汉语不同之处。加强练习,还要更加注意对英语国家的文化习俗等背景知识的了解和积累。

考点1. 抽象名词的具体化

【巧点妙拨】

常见的这类词有:

success成功;成功的事或人

failure失败;失败的人或事

knowledge知识;一门知识

difficulty困难;难题

necessity必要性;必需品

beauty美;美人;美丽的东西

danger 危险;危险的事情

pleasure快乐;快乐的事

例1. Though he was seriously injured, the doctor said he was out of danger. (抽象)

例2. The man looked round carefully for hidden dangers. (具体)

例3. The teacher looked at what was happening in great surprise. (抽象)

例4. His coming back at midnight was a great surprise to the family. (具体)

考点2. 作定语的名词

【巧点妙拨】

名词作定语时, 通常表示中心词的用途、材料、时间、地点等。

silver coins银元peace talks和谈stone houses石头房子heart trouble心脏病book shop书店history teacher历史教师evening school 夜校flower show花展

注意:名词作定语一般用单数, 但也有以下例外:

①用复数作定语。sports meeting运动会students reading-room学生阅览室talks table谈判桌the foreign languages department外语系

②man, woman, gentleman等作定语时, 其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。

a man nurse— men nurses

a woman teacher — women teachers

考点3. 词义辨析

【巧点妙拨】

英语中有些名词的意思相同或相近, 但在使用上有所差别。例如:sight, view, scene, scenery 都与“风景、景色”有关。

reward, award, prize 都与“奖励、奖品”有关。

reason, cause, excuse, explanation 都与“原因、解释”有关。

二、典题对应

【名师坐堂】

名词主要考查在具体语境和搭配中词义的辨析。高考对于名词的考查强调语言的情景化, 在记忆单词时,一定要结合语境用心体会其细节用法差别。一词多义、习惯表达等也是考查的重点,在做题时一定要充分理解题干语境,结合单词的固定搭配、习惯用法等选取最佳答案。

典题1. Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning.(2010年四川卷短文改错)

【命题意图】答案:troubles改为trouble。

解析:在此句中trouble意为“麻烦”,为不可数名词。故没有复数形式。

典题2. She likes to eat ______ and she has a nice ______ garden in front of her house.

A.vegetables; vegetables

B. vegetable; vegetable

C. vegetables; vegetable

D. vegetable; vegetables

【命题意图】考查名词的数和名词作定语。第一空应该是“喜欢吃蔬菜”,表示“蔬菜”的种类,故用复数;而第二空是名词作定语,一般用单数形式。句意为:她喜欢吃蔬菜,在她的房子前边有一块很好的菜园。答案为C。

典题3. —Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don’t have enough money for a new one?

—That’s a good ______.(2014年安徽卷)

A.saying

B. question

C. suggestion

D. account

【命题意图】本题考查名词词义辨析。句意为:——如果你的钱不够买辆新车,何不先买辆二手车?——那是个好建议。saying 谚语,格言;question问题,议题;suggestion建议;account陈述,报告账目。答案为C。

三、命题趋向

名词考查,一般出现在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错题型中,绝大多数是名词词义辨析的考查, 名词和表示数量词结合的考查。另外,主谓一致的考查以及在具体语境中的理解和应用也将占有一席之地。

趋向1. 名词词义辨析

Yesterday, the two parties held the talk in a friendly ______ and reached an agreement.

A. atmosphere

B. state

C. situation

D. phenomenon

答案:A。句意:昨天两党在友好的气氛中举行了会谈,并达成了一致意见。

解析:atmosphere气氛;state状况,情形;situation情形,境遇;phenomenon现象。

趋向2. 短语中的名词

In ______, there is nothing t hat a machine can’t do one day.

A. total

B. words

C. principle

D. principal

答案:C。句意:理论上, 总有一天没有机器不能做的事情。

解析:in total 表示总共;B选项和D选项无此搭配, in principle 表示原则上, 理论上。

趋向3. 抽象名词具体化

It was ______ great shock to the girl when ______ word came that her close friend died in the severe earthquake.

A. a; /

B. the; the C .a; the D. /; the

答案:A。句意:当她的亲密朋友在地震中丧命的消息传来,对她是一件震惊的事。

解析:shock在句中为可数名词,意为“一件令人震惊的事”,所以前面要用不定冠词。题中word意为“消息”,为不可数名词,不需要加冠词。

四、直击高考

I. 改正下列句子中的错误.

1. Deniela went to the shoes’ store to buy a pair of shoes.

2. Before we moved into the house, we had bought some furnitures.

3. —Who told you such things?

— A friend of your father.

4. Do you have any difficulties in learning French?

5. My family raised plenty of cattles, including two cow.

6. Mr. Smith used to be a chemical teacher and is now working in a chemistry works.

7. The results of the examination show that you have all made great progresses.

8. Jim and Bob’s rooms aren’t large but they are nice to live in.

9. That boy is clever, he has a brain.

10.Will you give me some advices on how to do our homeworks?

II. 选择填空:

1. The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ______ in this city.

A. quantity

B. progress

C. production

D. demand

2. My morning ______ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.

A. drill

B. approach

C. regulation

D. routine

3. The accident caused some ______ to my car, but it’s nothing serious.

A. harm

B. injury

C. ruin

D. damage

4. As the world’s po pulation continues to grow, the ______ of food becomes more and more of a concern.

A.worth

B. supply

C. package

D. list

5. While she was in Paris, she developed a ______ for fine art.

A.way

B. relation

C. taste

D. habit

6. Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ______.

A.curiosity

B. satisfaction

C. envy

D. patience

7. Carbon dioxide, which makes a ______ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.

A. difference

B. comparison

C. connection

D. barrier

8. Because of the lack of funds, the tunnel project has already fallen behind ______.

A. situation

B. speed

C. insurance

D. schedule

9. —I find it very difficult to read ______ novel you lent me last week.

—Yes. It’s necessary to have ______ good knowledge of history.

A. the; /

B. a; /

C. the; a

D. a; a

10. You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ______.

A. purpose

B. reference

C. progress

D. memory

3. 代词

一、考点精要

【授之以渔】代词是高中英语中较难掌握的知识点,但又是历年高考的重点和热点。英语中的代词种类繁多,有人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词等。高考对代词的考查主要涉及在给定的上下文中运用代词的能力,以及对不定代词和替代词的考查。命题主要出现在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错等题型中,侧重于在具体语境中考查各种代词之间的区别。2015年高考对代词的考查将继续沿着两条主线前进:加强语境的真实性和复杂性;加强对语义较丰富、语法较复杂的不定代词的考查。

考点1. 考查替代词的用法

【巧点妙拨】

考点2.考查不定代词的用法

【巧点妙拨】

不定代词:others, the other, another, no one, none, neither, both, either, each, some, any, no和every 以及这些词与-one, -body和-thing构成的复合词。

考点3. 考查反身代词的用法

【巧点妙拨】

常考的反身代词有myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, themselves等。

— Did you see the famous singer herself at the press conference yesterday?

— What a pity. When I arrived, she had already gone.

句意:——昨天的新闻发布会上你见到那位歌星本人了吗? ——非常遗憾, 我到的时候, 她已经走了。解析:本题考查反身代词, 根据下文中的she, 故选择herself。

考点4. 考查it的用法

【巧点妙拨】

it的用法及常用句型:

(1) 替代刚提到过的同一事物

This is our new car. I bought it yesterday.

这是我们的新车。我昨天买的。

(2) 指动物或不考虑性别的婴儿

—Where is the cat?—It’s under the bed.

—猫在哪? —在床下。

The baby cried when it was hungry. 这婴儿饿时就哭。

(3) 在情景中确认某人或事物

—Who is it? —It’s me. —是谁? (问敲门人) —是我呀。

—What’s this? —It’s a map. —这是什么? —这是张地图。

(4) 指代前句或后句所述的情况

He smo kes in bed and I don’t like it.

他在床上抽烟, 我不喜欢他这样。

It would be ideal if you could join us.

如果你能和我们合作, 则太好了。

(5) 指时间、距离、天气或环境等

—What time is it? —It’s seven o’clock. —几点了? —7点。

It’s about 50 kilometers from here to my home.

从这儿到我家约有五十公里。

It is snowing. 正在下雪。

It was very quiet in the garden. 公园里很寂静。

(6) 用于笼统地谈论某种情况

I cannot help it. 我也没办法。

(7) 指最好的或最渴望得到事物

He thinks he’s it. 他一直以为自己是最佳人选。

We’ve been looking for a house for months and I think this is it.我们找房子已经好几个月了, 我看这所就是我们要找的。

二、典题对应

【名师坐堂】

代词在实际中的使用很频繁,相关知识庞杂,因此应该系统归纳、整体把握各类代词的基础知识。

典题1. To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then________ of her colleagues.(2013辽宁卷29)

A. that

B. one

C. ones

D. those

【命题意图】考查替代词。句意:让Della高兴地是,她首先赢得了学生们的信任,之后又赢得了同事们的信任。空格处需要代词代替the trust,因为trust是不可数名词,故用that。答案为A。

典题2. A smile costs________ , but gives much.(2014年重庆卷)

A. anything

B. something

C. nothing

D.everything

【命题意图】考查不定代词。句意:一个微笑不值什么钱,但是却给予很多。根据but的转折关系,以及后面的much可推断出前面空格处所填的词在意义上与之相反。nothing表示“不值钱,不花钱”的意思,符合句意。故选C项。

典题3. We must keep reminding (82)__________(自己)that

it is easier to get into something than it is to get out of it. (2014福建卷单词填空)

【命题意图】考查反身代词。答案:ourselves。 ourselves在句中作为remind的宾语,起强调作用。句意:我们一定要提醒我们自己形成浪费的习惯要比戒除这个习惯更容易。

典题4. My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target. (2014年陕西卷短改)

【命题意图】考查代词的用法。答案:Neither改为None。解析:上句arrows是复数形式,但没有提到是两支箭。

三、命题趋向

一般说来, 高考试题中比较侧重对替代词和不定代词的考查, 对于有特殊含义和固定搭配的代词要强化记忆。

趋向1. 替代词

Generally speaking, the cost of living in a big city is higher than that in a town.

解析:考查代词的用法。句意:一般说来,在大城市的生活费用比在城镇的费用高。解析:在比较级中,为了避免重复,常用one, that, those等词来代替前面提到过的名词。这里用that代替前面出现的the cost of living。

趋向2. 不定代词

—What is there in the fridge, Mom? I’m so hungry now.

— _____, my boy, for it is under repair at the moment.

A. None

B. Nothing

C. No one

D. Something

答案:B。句意:——妈妈,冰箱里有什么,我现在太饿了?

——什么也没有,孩子,因为冰箱正在维修中。

解析:nothing 用于what提问的句型中, no one用于who提问的句子中, none用于how many / much提问的句子中。

趋向3. 有特殊含义和固定搭配的代词

— What do you think of the mo vie “The life of Pi”, which is directed by Ann Lee?

— Wonderful! It is nothing but exciting and inspiring.

句意:——你觉得李安导演的《少年派》如何?

——太精彩了!刺激并且鼓舞人心。

解析:nothing but 同意与very。

四、直击高考

I. 单句改错

1. I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fres her than the one in the city.

2. — There is still a copy of the book in the library. will you go and borrow one?

— No, I would rather buy it in the bookstore.

3. You can sit at both ends of the boat .

4. Some are singing, some are dancing, the others are drawing.

5. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can’t

remember where.

6. —Who called me this morning when I was out?

— A man calling him Robert.

7. To save class time, our teacher has we students do half of the

exercise in class and complete the other half for homework.

8. Please give the letter to whom is in the office.

9. I have a lot of books, half of them are novels.

10. Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is the

other.

II. 用适当的代词填空

1. — Can I help you?

—I’d like to buy a present for my father’s birthday, ______ at a

proper price but of great use.

2. Does ______ matter if Henry can’t finish his job on time?

3. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with_____.

4. I would appreciate ______ if you could teach me how to use the computer.

5. She made ______ a rule to write a diary every day.

6. — Which driver was to blame?

— Why, ______. It was the child’s fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out between two parked cars.

7. ______ is true, Mo Yan has won the Nobel Prize for literature.

III. 选择填空

1. You can ask anyone for help. ______ here is willing to lend you a hand.(2014年安徽卷)

A. One

B. No one

C. Everyone

D. Someone

2. —When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?

—______. I’ll be in all day.(2014年江西卷)

A. Any

B. None

C. neither

D. Either

3. In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in ______, knives and forks.(2014年福建卷)

A. another

B. others

C. both

D. all

4. —Who’s that at the door?

—______ is the milkman.(2014年全国大纲卷)

A. He

B. It

C. This

D. That

5. She’d lived in London and Manchester, but she liked ______ and moved to Cambridge.(2014年四川卷)

A. both

B. neither

C. none

D. either

6. An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making ______ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.(2014浙江)

A. each

B. it

C. this

D. one

7. She has long been expecting a chance to study abroad and at last she got ______.

A. them

B. that

C. another

D. one

8. If a student can make what has been learned ______ whether in class or from social practice, he will make steady progress.

A. hers

B. him

C. himself

D. his

9. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ______ on the small ones. (2013四川卷)

A. one

B. this

C. that

D. it

10. This project requires close teamwork. ______ will be achieved unless we work well together.(2013安徽卷)

A. Nothing

B. Anything

C. Something

D. Everything

4. 动词和短语动词

一、考点精要

【授之以渔】动词是英语语言中的第一大词,是构成句子的关键,因此,对动词及动词短语的用法的考查总是高考的一大热点。设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词或短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在完形填空中,其命题特点为:

1. 根据真实的语境选择合适的动词及动词短语。即考查动词的词义和固定搭配,又考查其时态和语态。

2. 考测动词的句型结构功能,例如能否带宾语,双宾语,宾语补足语等。

突破技巧:这类试题的四个选项往往结构相同,词形或意义接近。要做好这类试题,必须从各个动词的语意差别、用法特点等方面入手,然后结合题意选用合适的动词。

考点1. 动词词义辨析

He was wearing dark glasses to ______ his eyes from the sun.

A. stop

B. prevent

C. keep

D. protect

答案:D。句意:他戴着墨镜使眼晴免受阳光照射。

解析:protect his eyes from the sun使眼晴免受阳光照射。

考点2. 动词短语词义辨析

【巧点妙拨】

对动词短语意义的考查主要集中于高频的动词短语,如break,bring,call,come,get,go,make,take,turn,put,pick,hold,keep,look,carry,set,cut,show,pull等构成的短语需要特别关注:

1. break

break out爆发;break up打碎, 分解;break into破门而入;break in破门而入,插嘴;break away from与……脱离关系,放弃,打破;break down发生故障,(计划、谈判)失败,(精神、身体)垮掉,分解;break off 折断, 中止

2. bring

bring in引进, 赚入;bring about导致,造成;bring down使倒下,使降低;bring forward提出,提前;bring out出版,生产,使出现;bring up抚养,教育,提出,呕吐;bring… to an end使......结束

3. call

call for去叫人, 呼吁;call off取消;call back回电话,回忆起;call in召集,请,顺便来访;call up打电话给,召集,使想起;call on拜访

4. come

come across偶然碰到;come about发生;come to苏醒,总计;come true实现;come out出版,结果是;come up被提出;come up with提出;come on快点,来吧,加油,得了吧

5. get

get along进展, 相处;get through to与......通话;get across解释清楚,使……被理解;get away from避免,摆脱,逃离;get away with 侥幸成功,侥幸做成;get around四处走动;get down to开始认真做某事;get over克服,从……恢复或康复;get rid of摆脱,除去;get in收割;

6. give

give away捐赠, 暴露;give back归还;give in屈服,让步,投降,认输;give out分发,发出,公布,发表,用尽,筋疲力尽;give up放弃

7. go

go against违背,不利于;go ahead开始(做某事),(表示同意对方提出的要求或建议)说吧!做吧!开始吧!go around参观,传播;go by过去,经过;go down下降,下沉;go on继续,发生,进行;go over复习,仔细检查;go through穿过,经历,仔细检

查;go with与……相配;go without没有……也行

8. hand

hand down传下去,传给,世代相传;hand out分发,散发,施舍;hand over交出,移交

9. hold

hold back犹豫不决,隐瞒,阻止;hold on = hang on坚持, 等一会儿;hold up举起, 阻止;hold out坚持,伸出;hold on to紧紧抓住,保持,保留,不放弃

10. keep

keep away from远离;keep back扣下,隐瞒,克制;keep in touch with使保持联系;keep / bear…in mind牢记;keep on继续,坚持下去;keep out of置身于……之外,不卷入,避开;keep up保持继续,不低落;keep up with跟上,与……并驾齐驱;keep an eye out for密切注意,留心,警惕;keep an eye on照看,留意,密切注视

11. leave

leave alone不打扰,不理;leave behind留下,丢弃;leave out遗漏,忽略

12. look

look around环顾四周;look after照顾;look away from把目光从……移开;look into调查;look down upon / on蔑视;look forward to sth / doing sth 期盼;look out for警惕;look back on回忆;look up查找,向上看;look up to尊敬;look through浏览,快速查找;look on旁观

13. make

make up for弥补;make up组成,编造,化妆,和解;make for走向,有助于,促进,导致;make out理解,分辨出,辨认出;make it成功;make sense讲得通, 有意义;make sense of理解;make contributions to对......做出贡献;make friends with与......交朋友;make fun of取笑;make peace with与.......讲和;make preparations for为......作好准备;make progress in在......取得进步;make room for为......腾出地方;make use of利用

14. pay

pay back偿还,报答,回报;pay off还清(债务),努力取得成功,得到回报;pay for付款,偿还,为……付出代价

15. pick

pick up拾起,捡起;学会,用车接某人,染上(疾病,不好的习惯),接收,恢复,好转;pick out挑选出,分辨出

16. put

put aside放在一边,储蓄;put away收拾,整理,储存;put back把……放回原处;推迟;put forward提出,拨快;put down记下,写下,镇压;put out使熄灭;put off推迟;put up张贴, 举起;put up with容忍;put…at ease使......放松;put…into effect使......生效;put on穿上,增加

17. run

run into偶然遇上;run away from逃离,逃跑;run after追赶;run out用完;run out of用完

18. set

set aside留出,拨出;set about doing sth.着手做某事;set out出发,动身;set out to do sth. 着手做某事;set off出发,动身,引起,使爆炸;set up建立;set…on fire点火烧......

19. turn

turn off关闭;turn up出现, 露面,开大;turn down关小, 拒绝;turn away走开;turn out结果是,被证明是;turn over翻转;turn against 反对,背叛;turn to转向,求助于

20. take

take after长得像某人;take apart拆开;take back收回,撤销;take down记下;take away带走,剥夺;take off起飞,脱下,成功;take up继续, 开始做, 占据;take in吸收,接收,理解,欺骗;take on呈现,承担,雇佣;take over接管,接收;take advantage of 利用;take action采取行动; take care当心;take charge of掌管;take it easy放松,别紧张;take one’s time别着急;take effect生效;take place发生;take office就职;take care of照顾;take pride in以......为自豪;take…into consideration 把......考虑在内;take…by surprise使吓一跳

例:The driver began to speed up to make up fo r the hour he’d lost in the traffic jam.

句意:司机开始加速来弥补他在交通阻塞中耽搁的时间。

解析:make up for the hour弥补时间。

二、典题对应

【名师坐堂】

英语中动词的词义丰富,用法灵活,不容易掌握。在平时的学习中学生必须做到:

1. 多记忆常见动词及动词短语。

2. 加大阅读量,在真实的语境中去领悟和总结归纳动词及动词短语在各种语境中的意义和用法。

典题1. I don’t believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to_____ me. (2014年江西卷)

A. convince

B. inform

C. guarantee

D.refuse

【命题意图】动词词义辨析。答案A。句意:我不相信你所说的,但是如果你能证明它,你也许能够说服我。解析:由句中的“但是如果你能证明它”可判断此处应填convince。

典题2. Ralph W. Emerson would always_____ new ideas that occurred to him.(2014年陕西卷)

A. set off

B. set about

C. set up

D. set down

【命题意图】考查动词短语辨析。答案D。句意:Ralph W. Emerson总是把他想到的一些新主意记下来。解析:根据空后的关键信息new ideas that occurred to him可知,应该是“记下,写下”新主意,故选D。set off动身,引起,激起;set about着手;set up创立,建立;set down记下,写下。

三、命题趋向

高考命题将仍旧结合语境考查考生对动词及短语意义的理解和应用能力。尤其是动词短语的新意和动词的一词多义。主要体现在考查动词易混词辨析,同义词,近义词,系动词,及物动词与不及物动词的用法。

趋向1. 动词词义辨析

It’s hard to tell real Jingdezhen vases, and it’s a little more difficult for the untrained shopper to ______.

A. dismiss

B. distinguish

C. seek

D. shelter

答案B。句意:很难分辨真正的景德镇花瓶,对于未经训练的购物者区别它更困难。解析:A:解散,解雇;B:区别,辨别;C:寻求,寻找;D:庇护,保护。根据句意选B。

趋向2. 动词短语词义辨析

The Korean government plans to import Chinese cabbage from China, as the recent rainstorm has ______ the price.

A. driven up

B. taken up

C. set up

D. looked up

答案A。句意:韩国政府计划从中国进口白菜,因为最近的暴雨已经驱使价格上涨。解析:A:抬高;B:拿起,开始从事;吸收,接纳,占去,继续做;C:建立,树立;D:查找,查阅。

四、直击高考

1. Terry, please ______ your cellphone when Grandma is talking to

you.(2014年安徽卷)

A. look up from

B. look into

C. look back on

D. look through

2. When the sports hero ______ at our party, he was welcomed with open arms.(2014年安徽卷)

A. turned up

B. left off

C. moved on

D. got away

3. Shakespeare’s writing is still popular today. It has really ______

the test of time.(2014年安徽卷)

A. failed

B. stood

C. taken

D. conducted

4. Anyway, we’re here now, so let’s ______ some serious work.(2014年江西卷)

A. come up with

B. get down to

C. do away with

D. live up to

5. It is widely acknowledged that students should be ______ in terms of overall quality.(2014年福建卷)

A. supported

B. matched

C. evaluated

D. controlled

6. The old rules have to be ______ because they only applied to the circumatances that existed when they were made a hundred years

ago.(2014年湖北卷)

A. developed

B. established

C. observed

D. revised

7. Top graduates from universities are ______ by major companies.(2014年江苏卷)

A. chased

B. registered

C. offered

D. compensated

8. —Dad, I don’t think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.

—I see, I’ll go right away and ______.(2014年江苏卷)

A. pay him back

B.pay him off

C. put him away

D. put him off

9. Legand has it that the origin of Dragon Boat Festival is to ______ the soul of Qu Yuan. (2014年江苏卷)

A. remember

B. remind

C. recover

D. recall

10. My parents always ______ great importance to my getting a good education. (2014年天津卷)

A. have

B. attach

C. accept

D. pay

11.The two countries are going to meet to ______ some barriers to trade between them.(2014年天津卷)

A. make up

B. use up

C. turn down

D. break down

12. Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music, but she ______ it with hard work. (2014年全国大纲卷)

A. goes back on

B. takes away from

C. makes up for

D. catches up with

13. Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried to ______ the pain, believing that it would go away sooner or later.(2014年浙江卷)

A. share

B. realize

C. ignore

D. cause

14. No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can ______ when the unexpected will happen.(2014年浙江卷)

A. prove

B. imply

C. demand

D. predict

15. How could you ______ such a fantastic job when you have

been out of work for months. (2014年浙江卷)

A. turn off

B. turn in

C. turn down

D. turn to

5.形容词和副词

一、考点精要

【授之以渔】形容词和副词重在考查其基本词义,间或考查形容词和副词的比较级和最高级,以及形容词与副词的功能。

考点1. 形容词和副词词义辨析

【巧点妙拨】

【近三年高考形容词副词汇总】

ashamed 丢脸的、惭愧的, absolutely当然地, accurate 精确的, (un)acceptable (不)可接受的, accessible 容易到的、进入的, amusing 好玩的, 逗的, amazing令人惊异的, automatically 自动地, attractive有吸引力的, annoying 讨厌的、烦人的, aimlessly 漫无目标地, brief 简略的, anxious 担心的、急切的,nervous紧张的, 害怕的,eager(ly) 迫切的, brilliant 聪明的, bravely 勇敢地, bitterly 痛苦地, casually 随意地, 漫不经心地,complicated 复杂的, conveniently方便地, confused 困惑的, continuously 持续地, curious 好奇的, coldly 态度冷淡地, cheerfully / joyfully高兴地,delighted 高兴的, 愉快的, doubtful 怀疑的, discouraged 使丧气的, disappointed失望的, determined 坚决的, 坚定的,equally 平等地, eventually 最终地, energetic 精力充沛的, extraordinary 非同寻常的, especially 尤其地, specially专门地, particularly 特别地, fearfully 害怕地, fairly 公平地, faithfully 忠实地, generally大体地, 广泛地, commonly 普遍地, usually 通常地, normally正常地, generous 慷慨的, hopeful(ly) 希望地, instructive 指导性的, 指示性的, (in)formal(不)正式的, independent 独立的, infrequent 不经常的, inexpensive 便宜的, instant 立即的, impolite 不礼貌的, impatiently不耐心地, imperfect 不完美的, laughingly可笑地, mysterious 神秘的, meaningful 有意义的, modest 谦虚的, merciful 可怜的, madly 疯狂地, negative 否定的、负面的, naturally 自然地, merely 极少地、仅仅地, seldom 极少地, ordinary 普通的, occasionally 偶尔地, obviously 显然地, proudly自豪地, puzzled 疑惑的, potential 潜在的, personally 个人的, painful 痛苦的, positive 积极的、正面的, plainly 简单地、直率地, powerful 有权利的, presently目前、现在地, promising 有前途的, prideful 自傲的、骄傲的, restrictive 限制的, ridiculous 荒谬的, respectful值得尊敬的, regretfully后悔地, rough 粗糙的、(道路) 不平的, shocked 震惊的(对...难以相信),scared 害怕的, scientific 科学的, soundlessly 静悄悄地, smoothly 舒畅地、流利地, stressful 有压力的, surprisingly惊奇地, technological 科技的, tearfully 含泪地, troublesome 麻烦的、捣蛋的, urgent 紧急的,uncomfortable不舒适的, unbelievable 难以相信的, unrecognizable 不认识的, unconcerned 不关心的, unknown 不知道的, 不出名的, unnoticed 没注意到的, (un)conscious(没) 有知觉的, uncertain 不确定的, unsatisfactory 不满意的, (un)fortunately(不) 幸运地, undefeatable 打不败的, valuable 有价值、意义的,priceless 无价的,worthless 没用的,violently 暴力地、猛烈地

形容词和副词词义辨析要着重把握以下几点:

(1)-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别:-ed形容词通常说明人,意为“(某人)感到……”;-ing形容词通常说明事物,意为“(某物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。重点掌握的词有:

excited, interested, pleased, surprised, bored, moved, disappointed, astonished, amazed, frightened, annoyed, embarrassed。

(2)有无-ly意义大不相同的副词:near附近/ nearly几乎;late迟地/ lately最近;dear昂贵地/ dearly深爱地;hard努力/ hardly 几乎不;most十分/ mostly主要地。以及下列副词的辨析:high / highly;deep / deeply;close / closely;wide / widely;free / freely。(3)一些不用比较级却表示比较概念的形容词:senior,junior,inferior,superior,prior,这些词后多跟介词to表示比较。

考点2. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

【巧点妙拨】

1. 平级比较

(1)as + 形容词/ 副词原级+ as像……一样

(2)as + adj.+ a / an+名词+ as像…...一样的…..

(3)not as / so + 形容词/ 副词原级+ as…不如……那样

2. 比较级

(1)the + 比较级…,the + 比较级…越……,越…...

(2)the + 比较级+ of the two+名词,表示“两个中较……的”。

3. 比较级的修饰词

常见的修饰词有much,a lot,a great deal,far,even,a bit,a little,any(否定句,疑问句中),具体的数据等。

4. 几种带有否定词的比较句型

(1)no better than 表示“和……一样;实际等于……”。

(2)no more…than 表示“同……一样不……”。

(3)no less…than表示“和……一样;不逊于”。

5. 比较级表达最高级含义

(1)“否定词+比较级”有最高级的含义

(2)比较级在以下几种句式中均表示最高级含义

比较级+ than + any other + 单数名词

比较级+ than + all the other + 复数名词

比较级+ than + anyone else

比较级+ than + any of the other + 复数名词

比较级+ than + the rest of + 复数名词或不可数名词

6. 倍数表达法

1. A is+倍数+比较级+ than + B

2. A is+倍数+as+原级+ as + B

3. A is+倍数+the+名词(size, length, height等)+ of + B

4. A is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句

二、典题对应

【名师坐堂】

形容词和副词都属于实词,每个词都具有一定的意思,在平时的学习中应放在一定的语境中进行。做题时,要结合语境,注意惯用法和固定搭配。另外,加强对比较级和最高级表达的学习,尤其是一些常见句型。

典题1. My good performance in the job interview left me ______ about my future and about what I can do here. (2014年安徽卷)

A. puzzled

B. sensitive

C. optimistic

D. embarrassed

【命题意图】答案:C。句意:我在求职面试中的良好表现让我对未来以及这里我所能做的事持乐观的态度。解析:根据performance 前的good可知应该选optimistic,求职面试中表现好自然就会对未来持“乐观的”态度。

典题2. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far (37) ______ (appropriate)(2014年上海卷语法与词汇)

【命题意图】答案:more appropriate。解析:本题考查形容词的比较等级,far是副词,修饰比较级。

典题3. Don’t panic or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and calmly. (2014年四川卷短文改错)

答案:calmly改为calm。解析:remain是系动词,后面须用形容词作表语。

三、命题趋向

高考将会继续加强对形容词和副词词义的辨析的考查,特别是完形填空将直接考查形容词和副词。同时在语法填空和短文改错题型中对形容词和副词比较级以及形容词、副词的运用进行考查。

趋向1. 形容词和副词词义的辨析

Some of my classmates study deeply into the night.(短文改错)

答案:deeply改为deep。解析:deep into the night是固定用法,此处deep意义同late

趋向2. 形容词和副词的比较级

The young pianist is very excited because the concert given by him has never been________.

A. successful

B. more successful

C. most successful

D. the most successful

答案:B。句意:那个年轻的钢琴家非常兴奋,因为他的音乐会从没有如此成功过。解析:考查比较级和否定意义的词连用表示最高级。

四、直击高考

I. 单句改错

1. Both plants and animals are alive things.

2. Few people like to visit that alone place.

3. She was lonely but she didn’t feel alone.

4. The villagers climbed highly up the tree.

5. I went to bed lately last night.

6. The dress is too much long for me.

7. Which do you like best, blue or red?

8. The pears taste well and sell good.

9. It’s strange that so little animals eat so much grass.

10. England and America are likely in many ways.

11. In order to see it clear, I open my eyes widely.

12. We need enough large something to hold the books.

13. How much good she looked without her glasses!

14. The movie is very moving and it is very worth seeing a second time.

II. 选择填空

1. If you have health examinations______, any disease you may have can be discovered early and successful treatment is more likely.

A. approximately

B. regularly

C. Gradually

D. roughly

2. Despite being taken from very different sources, the results are remarkably _________.

A. consistent

B. constant

C. contradictory

D. controversial

3. During enjoying the Mid-Autumn Festival, celebrating the harvest is an important reason, but of __________ importance is the whole family’s get-together.

A. fair

B. reasonable

C. equal

D. proper

4. It may not be a great suggestion. But before________is put forward, we’ll make do with it.(2013年全国卷II)

A. a good one

B. a better one

C. the best one

D. a best one

5. Mary’s skirt looked just the same as Joan’s, but it cost __________ hers.

A. as much twice as

B. twice as much as

C. much as twice as

D. as twice much as

6. If the doctor is ______ this afternoon, I will take my little daughter to him for a thorough checkup.

A. accessible

B. available

C. convenient

D. handy

7. Henry was away from home for quite a bit and ________ saw his family. (2014年全国大纲卷)

A. frequently

B. seldom

C. always

D. usually

8. —What did you do last weekend?

—Nothing__________. (2014年全国大纲卷)

A. much

B. else

C. ever

D. yet

9. I can’t meet you on Sunday, I will be__________occupied. (2014年江苏卷)

A. also

B. just

C. nevertheless

D. otherwise

10.Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn’t have found it__________.(2014年江西卷)

A. nowhere

B. however

C. otherwise

D. instead

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专题一:词法(一)

1. 冠词直击高考

I.在必要的地方填上适当的冠词

1. a; a

2. the; /

3. a; /

4. /; /

5. The; the

6. /; a

7. a; a

8. the; a 9. / 10. The; / 11. the 12. the; / 13. The; /

14. a; the 15. the; /

II. 选择填空

1. 答案:D。句意:威尔逊一家住在海岸附近的一座A形的房子里,那是一座17世纪时建的别墅。解析:

两者都是指某类事物中的一个。

2. 答案:C。句意:从一万英尺高的飞机上跳下来是一次令人激动的经历。解析:前者指处于一万英尺高

的“任何一驾飞机”,用不定冠词;后者指“一次令人激动的经历”,也用不定冠词。

3. 答案:C。句意:泰勒夫人有一个八岁的女儿,她有画画的天赋,她已经获得了两个全国奖。解析:前

空表示数量“一”,用不定冠词,因8的读音是以元音开头的,用an;后空have a gift for (有……天赋)是固定搭配。

4. 答案:B。句意:——我打翻了我的咖啡杯,咖啡洒到了键盘上。——你不应该把饮料放在电脑旁边。

解析:前者是特指谈话双方心里都知道的键盘,用the;后者是泛指任何一台电脑,用a。

5. 答案:A。句意:给面试官留下好的印象是极其重要的。解析:第一空为固定搭配leave/make a good

impression on sb.;第二空为be of importance=be important, importance为抽象名词,不加冠词。

6. 答案:A。句意:按照规章制度,工人按小时付工资。解析:表示工人的工资“按小时付”用by the hour。

7. 答案:B。句意:虽然他是个安静的学生,课下谈到他最喜欢的歌手时,他话很多。解析:as作“虽然”

解,引导让步状语从句时,一般将表语或状语提到句首,当作表语的名词是单数名词时,通常省略不定冠词。

8. 答案:C。句意:蛋糕很好吃,因为第二块太小了,所以他想再吃一块。解析:第一空表示“还,再”,

用不定冠词;第二空强调顺序用定冠词。

9. 答案:D。句意:萨姆被任命为工程部的经理,代替乔治的位置。解析:第一空后面的manager表示职

务,作补足语,故不用冠词;第二空是固定短语take the place of,意为“代替”。

10. 答案:B。句意:那是一个寒冷的冬夜,月亮照亮了整个夜空。解析:指“一个……的夜晚”且night前

有形容词修饰,需用不定冠词a表示泛指;第二个空后指的是夜晚的天空,表示特指,需用定冠词the。

2. 名词直击高考

I.改正下列句子中的错误

1. shoes’改为shoe

2. furnitures 改为furniture

3. father 改为father’s

4. difficulties改为difficulty

5. cattles改为cattle; cow改为cows

6. chemical teacher改为chemistry teacher; chemistry works改为chemical works

7. progresses改为progress

8. Jim and Bob’s 改为Jim’s and Bob’s

9. a brain 改为brains 10. advices改为advice; homeworks改为homework

II.选择填空

1. 答案:D。句意:《哈利·波特》很受欢迎;在这个城市有很大的需求量。解析:quantity数量;progress 进步;production生产;demand要求。这里be in great demand意为:需求量很大, 畅销。

2. 答案:D。句意:我早晨的常规活动包括在公园里慢跑和在吃早餐时读报。解析:考查名词辨析。routine“固

定而有规则性的程序, 例行公事, 日常事务, 常规”。drill“军事训练, 操练”;approach“方法, 手段, 通路, 道路, 接近”;regulation“规章, 条例, 规则, 规定, 管理”。

3. 答案:D。句意:这起事故对我的汽车造成了一些损坏,但是不太严重。解析:本题考查名词词义辨析。

harm危害,伤害,主要指精神上的伤害;injury受伤,主要指躯体和情感上的伤害;ruin毁灭,废墟,强调毁灭和不可修复;damage损坏,损失,强调使部分功能缺失。

4. 答案:B。句意:随着世界人口的持续增长,粮食供应越来越令人担忧。解析:worth价值;supply供应;https://www.360docs.net/doc/463823398.html, 010-******** 58818068 全品高考网邮箱:

package包裹;list清单。“人口增长”与“粮食供应”是一对矛盾,人口越多,粮食供应就越紧张,所以应该选择B项。

5. 答案:C。句意:在巴黎期间,她喜欢上了艺术。解析:develop a taste for “养成……爱好;喜欢上;爱

上”。

6. 答案:D。句意:无论什么时候我犯错,老师都耐心地把它们指出来。解析:curiosity意为“好奇心”;

satisfaction意为“满意”;envy意为“忌妒”,patience意为“耐心”。由语境可知选D项。

7. 答案:D。句意:二氧化碳是我们和太阳之间的一道屏障,它使地球上的热量不容易释放出大气层,于

是地球就变得越来越暖和。解析:四个名词选项的主要含义:difference“分歧,区别”;comparison“比较”;

connection“联系”;barrier“障碍,屏障。”语境说地球的热量因二氧化碳而不容易释放出大气层,因此这里选D。表示“障碍,屏障”。

8. 答案:D。句意:因为缺乏资金,隧道工程已经迟于预定计划。解析:behind schedule是一个固定短语,

意为比原计划慢。

9. 答案:C。句意:—我发现你上周借给我的小说很难理解。—是的,有一门历史知识是必要的。解析:

第一空加the表示特指;第二空knowledge为不可数名词,但其前加a可表示一门……的知识。

10. 答案:B。句意:你最好写下这个餐馆的号码以便日后参考用。解析:for future reference 表示“以供日

后参考”。

3. 代词直击高考

I.单句改错

1. the one改为that

2. one改为it;it 改为one

3. both ends改为either end

4. the others改为others

5. where改为which

6. him改为himself

7. we改为us

8. whom改为whoever

9. them改为whom 10. the other改为another

II.用适当的代词填空

1. one

2. it

3. everything

4. it

5. it

6. neither

7. As

III.选择填空

1. 答案:C。句意:你可以向任何一个人求助,这里的每一个人都愿意帮助你。解析:本题考查不定代词。

根据前一句You can ask anyone for help可知,每个人都愿意帮助你,故选C。

2. 答案:D。句意:—我什么时候(给你)打电话方便,上午还是下午?—都可以,我将一整天在家。解

析:根据文中的in the morning or afternoon可知,此处指在两者之间做出选择,故排除A,B两项;又根据I’ll be in all day可知应该是两个时间段均可,故选D。

3. 答案:B。句意:在一些国家,人们用筷子吃饭,而在其他国家,人们用刀叉吃饭。解析:根据句中的

关键词some countries可知,空格处表示“其他的国家”,所以选择B(others)。

4. 答案:B。句意:—谁在门口?—是送奶的。解析:由语境可知,此处指“不知性别的某个人”,要用it

表示,故选B。this和that均为指示代词,但是没有此用法。

5. 答案:B。句意:她曾经在伦敦和曼彻斯特生活过,但是她不喜欢这两个地方就搬到了剑桥。解析:由

关键信息London and Manchester可知,此处表示“两者”,排除C,再由but以及moved to Cambridge 可知,此处指“两地都不喜欢”,故选B。

6. 答案:B。句意:去年平均降雨量仅为18.75厘米,使其成为自1850年加利福尼亚成为州以来最干旱的

一年。解析:由语境可知,此处考查的是代词的指代,代替前面提到的last year,为同名同物的指代,用it。

7. 答案:D。句意:她一直期望一次出国的机会并且最终得到了一次。解析:用one代指前面提到的一次

机会, 是泛指。

8. 答案:D。句意:如果一个学生能够使他在课堂上或者是在社会实践中所学到的知识成为自己的知识, 他

将会取得稳定的进步。解析:根据句意以及下文中出现的提示性的主语he 可判断应该使用名词性物主代词his。

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9. 答案:C。句意:主街道上的绿色交通信号灯保持的时间比小街道长。解析:考查代词。that指代the traffic,

其后有定语限制,常用that,不用one。

10. 答案:A。句意: 这项工程需要团队密切合作, 如果我们不齐心协力,将一事无成。解析:考查代词。

由语境“这项工程需要团队密切合作”推断,“如果我们不齐心协力,将一事无成”,故选A项。

4. 动词和短语动词直击高考

1. 答案:A。句意:特里,祖母和你说话时,请不要看你的手机。解析:本题考查动词短语辨析。look up from

从……上抬起头来;look into调查;look back on回顾,回头看;look through仔细检查,看穿。祖母是长辈,和孙辈说话时,孙辈要集中精力倾听,即look up from your cellphone(从你的手机上把头抬起来,即不要看手机),故选A。

2. 答案:A。句意:当那位体育英雄在我们的宴会上出现时,人们都张开双臂欢迎他。解析:本题考查动

词短语。turn up出现,露面;leave off停止,戒掉;move on出发,使离开;get away逃离。根据句意可知选A。

3. 答案:B。句意:莎士比亚的作品当今依旧很受欢迎,它的确经受住了时间的考验。解析:根据前一句

可推知后一句的意思。stand意为“经受住”。故选B。

4. 答案:B。句意:不管怎么说,我们现在在这儿,因此让我们着手处理一些重要的工作吧。解析:本题

考查动词短语词义辨析。get down to着手处理,符合题意。come up with想起;do away with废除;live up to不辜负。

5. 答案:C。句意:普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度来评价学生。解析:本题考查动词词意辨析。support

支持,赞成;match相配;evaluate评价;control控制。根据句中关键词students以及overall quality可知选C。

6. 答案:D。句意:旧规矩必须改一改,因为它们只适用于一百年前定这些规矩时存在的环境。解析:revise

修改,修正,符合句意。

7. 答案:A。句意:大学的优秀毕业生被各大公司竞相追逐。解析:本题考查动词词义辨析。chase追逐,

追求;register登记,注册;offer提供;compensate补偿,赔偿。大学的优秀毕业生显然是各大公司竞相追逐的目标。故选A。

8. 答案:B。句意:—爸爸,我认为奥利弗不是做这份工作的合适人选。—我明白了,我马上结清工资并

解雇他。解析:考查动词短语词义辨析。根据语境可知要给他结清工资并解雇他,故选B。pay off还清,得到回报,结清工资并解雇(某人);pay back偿还,报答;put away放好;put off推迟。

9. 答案:D。句意:传说端午节的起源是为了召回屈原的灵魂。解析:考查动词辨析。remember记住;remind

提醒,使想起,可构成固定搭配remind sb. of sth.;recover使恢复;recall召回,回想起。有句意可知选D。

10. 答案:B。句意:我的父母一直非常重视让我得到良好的教育。解析:本题考查动词辨析及固定搭配。

attach great importance to认为……非常重要,为固定搭配,符合句意。

11. 答案:D。句意:这两个国家将要会面以扫除两国之间的贸易障碍。解析:本题考查动词短语辨析。

make up组成,构成,编造,虚构,和解;use up用完,用光;turn down拒绝,调小;break down扫除,清除。根据句中的关键词meet以及barrier可知是扫除障碍。

12. 答案:C。句意:卡罗琳虽然没有音乐方面的天赋,但是她用努力工作弥补它。解析:本题考查动词短

语词义辨析。go back on背叛,背弃;take away from带走;make up for弥补;catch up with赶上。由第一分句的关键信息doesn’t have a gift for music以及连词but可知,她是在用努力工作来“弥补”没有音乐天赋这件事。

13. 答案:C。句意:上周一个网球打中了我的头,但是我尽量不管疼痛,相信它迟早会消失的。解析:本

题考查动词辨析。share分享;realize意识到;ignore忽视,忽略;cause引起。由后一句可知我尽量不管头疼。故选C。

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14. 答案:D。句意:不管你怎么仔细地规划你的财务状况,没人能预测什么时候会发生意外。解析:本题

考查动词辨析。prove证明;imply暗示;demand要求;predict预测。由后句信息可知,此处是“预言”

要发生意外。

15. 答案:C。句意:既然你失业好几个月了,你怎么能拒绝这么好的一份工作呢?解析:本题考查动词短

语辨析。由语境可知,因为失业好几个月了,按常理是不能“拒绝”那么好的一份工作,故选C。5. 形容词和副词直击高考

I.单句改错

1. alive 改为living

2. alone改为lonely

3. lonely改为alone; alone改为lonely

4. highly改为high

5. lately 改为late

6. too much改为much too

7. best改为better

8. well改为good;good改为well

9. so改为such 10. likely改为alike 11. clear改为clearly;widely改为wide 12. enough large something 改为something large enough 13. good改为better 14. very worth 改为well worth

II.选择填空

1. 答案:B。句意:如果你定期健康检查,你可能有的任何疾病可以提早发现,更有可能成功治愈。解析:

考查副词的用法。A.大约,近似地;B.定期地,有规律地;C.逐渐地;D.粗糙地。根据句意可知选B。

2. 答案:A。句意:虽然是来自于不同的资源,结果是非常的一致。解析:考查形容词词义的辨析。A一

致的;B连续的;C矛盾的;D有争议的。由句意可知选A。

3. 答案:C。句意:在欢度中秋节期间,庆祝丰收是一个重要的原因,家庭团聚也同样重要。解析:考查

形容词词义的辨析。fair公正的;reasonable合情合理的;equal平等的;proper适当的。由句意可知C 项正确。

4. 答案:B。句意:这也许不是一个很棒的主意,但是在一个较好的建议提出之前,我们还是先凑合着用

吧。解析:分析题意可知,另一个建议是与先前的相比较,应用比较级,所以选B。

5. 答案:B。句意:玛丽的裙子看上去和琼的裙子一样,但是比她的贵两倍。解析:考查倍数的表达法。

倍数的表达法的其中一个就是:A is+倍数+as+原级+ as + B。故选B。

6. 答案:B。句意:如果医生今天下午有空,我将带着我的小女儿去做一个全面的检查。解析:考查形容

词词义辨析。accessible易接近的,可接近的;available可利用的,可得到的,有空的;convenient方便的,便利的;handy便利的,手边的。由句意可知选B。

7. 答案:B。句意:亨利离开家很长一段时间了,很少见到家人。解析:由题干中的Henry was away from home

for quite a bit可知,离开家很长一段时间,自然是很少见到家人,故选B。

8. 答案:A。句意:—上周末你干什么了?—哦,没干什么事。解析:nothing much没什么事,nothing else

没有别的东西。nothing 不和ever构成固定短语,但可以一起用在句中,表示“没有什么事情曾经……”;

nothing和yet也不构成固定短语。由语境可知选A。

9. 答案:D。句意:星期天我不能见你了。我要忙于别的事情。解析:otherwise在牛津词典中的解释是:

in a different way to the way mentioned,而朗文词典直接把otherwise engaged作为短语,意为“忙于别的事情”,故选D。而此题易误选just,代入后翻译为“我就是很忙”,在社交场合,这是不礼貌的表达。10. 答案:C。句意:谢谢你告诉我们怎么到达那所房子,否则,我们就找不到它了。解析:由前后两句的

句意可知此处选C。

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