Remarks by President Obama in Address to the United Nations General Assembly

奥巴马总统在联合国大会上的讲话

United Nations

New Y ork, New Y ork

纽约市

September 21, 2011

2011年9月21日

Mr. President, Mr. Secretary General, fellow delegates, ladies and gentlemen:

主席先生、秘书长先生、各位代表、女士们、先生们：

It is a great honor for me to be here today. I would like to talk to you about a subject that is at the heart of the United Nations -- the pursuit of peace in an imperfect world.

能够出席今天的会议，我感到十分荣幸。我希望和你们讨论一个与联合国的宗旨息息相关的议题——在一个不完美的世界中追求和平。

War and conflict have been with us since the beginning of civilizations. But in the first part of the 20th century, the advance of modern weaponry led to death on a staggering scale. It was this killing that compelled the founders of this body to build an institution that was focused not just on ending one war, but on averting others; a union of sovereign states that would seek to prevent conflict, while also addressing its causes.

自从人类文明开端以来，战争与冲突始终伴随着我们。但在二十世纪上半叶，现代武器的发展导致大规模死亡。正是这种屠杀促使这个机构的创始人矢志建立一个不仅能够结束战争、而且能够避免战争的机构——一个由主权国家组成的联盟，它将不仅寻求避免冲突，还将寻求消除其根源。

No American did more to pursue this objective than President Franklin Roosevelt. He knew that a victory in war was not enough. As he said at one of the very first meetings on the founding of the United Nations, “We have got to make, not merely peace, but a peace that will last.”

没有任何一位美国人像富兰克林·罗斯福总统那样为追求这个目标做出巨大贡献。他深知赢得一场战争是不够的。正如他在组建联合国的一次会议上所说：“我们不仅要争取和平，还要争取持久的和平。”

The men and women who built this institution understood that peace is more than just the absence of war. A lasting peace -- for nations and for individuals -- depends on a sense of justice and opportunity, of dignity and freedom. It depends on struggle and sacrifice, on compromise, and on a sense of common humanity.

这个机构的创建者理解，和平不仅仅意味着没有战争。持久的和平——无论是对国家还是对个人——取决于正义感和机会、尊严和自由。它也要求斗争与牺牲、妥协、以及全人类共命运的使命感。

One delegate to the San Francisco Conference that led to the creation of the United Nations put it well: “Many people,” she said, “have talked as if all that has to be done to get peace was to say loudly and frequently that we loved peace and we hated war. Now we have learned that no matter how much we love peace and hate war, we cannot avoid having war brought upon us if there are convulsions in other parts of the worl d.”

组建联合国的旧金山会议的一位代表说得好。她说：“许多人似乎认为，只要经常高谈阔论，宣称我们热爱和平、憎恨战争，就会得到和平。现在我们却了解到，无论我们多么热爱和平与憎恨战争，如果世界上其他地方发生动荡，我们就无法避免强加给我们的战争。”

The fact is peace is hard. But our people demand it. Over nearly seven decades, even as the United Nations helped avert a third world war, we still live in a world scarred by conflict and plagued by poverty. Even as we proclaim our love for peace and our hatred of war, there are still convulsions in our world that endanger us all.

事实是，实现和平困难重重，但我们的人民要求实现和平。近70年来，联合国帮助避免了第三次世界大战的爆发，但我们仍然生活在一个被冲突毁损、被贫困困扰的世界中。尽管我们宣告自己热爱和平、憎恨战争，但我们的世界仍存在危及我们所有人的动荡。

I took office at a time of two wars for the United States. Moreover, the violent extremists who drew us into war in the first place -- Osama bin Laden, and his al Qaeda organization -- remained at large. Today, we’ve set a new direction.

我就职时美国正打着两场战争。不仅如此，最初把我们推入战争的暴力极端主义分子——乌萨马·本·拉登（Osama bin Laden）及其“基地”组织（al Qaeda）——当时仍逍遥法外。但今天，我们已开辟了一个新方向。

At the end of this year, America’s military operation in Iraq will be over. We will have a normal relationship with a sovereign nation that is a member of the community of nations. That equal partnership will be strengthened by our support for Iraq -- for its government and for its security forces, for its people and for their aspirations.

到今年年底，美国在伊拉克的军事行动将会结束。我们将与一个作为国家共同体一员的主权国家建立正常关系。我们对伊拉克的支持——对伊拉克政府及其安全部队，还有伊拉克人民及其理想抱负的支持——将增进这种平等的伙伴关系。

As we end the war in Iraq, the United States and our coalition partners have begun a transition in Afghanistan. Between now and 2014, an increasingly capable Afghan government and security forces will step forward to take responsibility for the future of their country. As they do, we are drawing down our own forces, while building an enduring partnership with the Afghan

people.

就在我们结束伊拉克战争的同时，美国及联盟伙伴已在阿富汗启动交接程序。从现在起到2014年，一个实力日增的阿富汗政府及其安全部队将主动承担起保障国家未来的责任。在他们这样做的过程中，我们将撤离自己的驻军，同时与阿富汗人民建立一种持久的伙伴关系。

So let there be no doubt: The tide of war is receding. When I took office, roughly 180,000 Americans were serving in Iraq and Afghanistan. By the end of this year, that number will be cut in half, and it will continue to decline. This is critical for the sovereignty of Iraq and Afghanistan. It’s also critical to the strength of the United States as we build our nation at home.

因此，不容置疑的是：战争之潮正在退去。在我就职之时，大约有18万美国人驻扎在伊拉克和阿富汗。到今年年底，这个数字将会减半，并将继续下降。这对于伊拉克和阿富汗的主权是至关重要的；由于我们正在致力于国内建设，这对于美国的实力也是至关重要的。

Moreover, we are poised to end these wars from a position of strength. Ten years ago, there was an open wound and twisted steel, a broken heart in the center of this city. Today, as a new tower is rising at Ground Zero, it symbolizes New Y ork’s renewal, even as al Qaeda is under more pressure than ever before. Its leadership has been degraded. And Osama bin Laden, a man who murdered thousands of people from dozens of countries, will never endanger the peace of the world again.

更重要的是，这两场战争的结束将基于我们的实力地位。十年前，这座城市的中心受到重创，留下一根根扭曲的钢梁和一颗颗破碎的心。如今，一座象征着纽约新生的高大建筑正在世贸中心原址拔地而起，而“基地”组织所受到的压力也比以往任何时候都大。其指挥能力已被削弱。乌萨马·本·拉登，这个杀害了数十个国家的数千民众的人，永远不能再危害这个世界的和平。

So, yes, this has been a difficult decade. But today, we stand at a crossroads of history with the chance to move decisively in the direction of peace. To do so, we must return to the wisdom of those who created this institution. The United Nations’Founding Charter calls upon us, “to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security.” And Article 1 of this General Assembly’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights reminds us that, “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and in rights.” Those bedrock beliefs -- in the responsibility of states, and the rights of men and women -- must be our guide.

是的，这个十年历经磨难。但今天，我们正站在历史的交叉路口，有机会向和平的方向果断迈进。为了能够这样做，我们必须重拾这个机构的创建者的智慧。联合国的创始宪章呼吁我们“集中力量以维持国际和平及安全”。此外，联合国大会颁布的《世界人权宣言》（Universal Declaration of Human Rights）的第一条也让我们谨记：“人人生而自由，在尊严和权利上一律平等。”我们必须以这些阐明各个国家的责任以及男性和女性权利的最根本的信念为指导。

And in that effort, we have reason to hope. This year has been a time of extraordinary transformation. More nations have stepped forward to maintain international peace and security. And more individuals are claiming their universal right to live in freedom and dignity.

然而在这一努力中，我们有理由满怀希望。今年是非同寻常的转变的一年。越来越多的国家挺身而出，维护国际和平与安全。越来越多的个人追求生活在自由和尊严中的普世权利。

Think about it: One year ago, when we met here in New Y ork, the prospect of a successful referendum in South Sudan was in doubt. But the international community overcame old divisions to support the agreement that had been negotiated to give South Sudan self-determination. And last summer, as a new flag went up in Juba, former soldiers laid down their arms, men and women wept with joy, and children finally knew the promise of looking to a future that they will shape.

试想一年前，当我们在纽约聚会时，对在南苏丹举行公投的前景仍有疑问。但国际社会克服了旧日的分歧，支持经过谈判达成的给予南苏丹自决权的协议。去年夏天，新的旗帜在朱巴（Juba)升起，从前的士兵放下武器；民众喜极而泣；孩子们得以企盼将由他们打造的未来。

One year ago, the people of C?te D’Ivoire approached a landmark election. And when the incumbent lost, and refused to respect the results, the world refused to look the other way. U.N. peacekeepers were harassed, but they did not leave their posts. The Security Council, led by the United States and Nigeria and France, came together to support the will of the people. And C?te D’Ivoire is now governed by the man who was elected to lead.

一年前，科特迪瓦人民准备进行一次具有里程碑意义的选举。后来现任总统败选，拒绝承认选举结果，世界没有视而不见。联合国维和人员遭到骚扰，但他们没有离开自己的岗位。安理会在美国、尼日利亚和法国的带领下，走到了一起，支持了人民的意愿。科特[迪瓦现在由民选领导人治理国家。

One year ago, the hopes of the people of Tunisia were suppressed. But they chose the dignity of peaceful protest over the rule of an iron fist. A vendor lit a spark that took his own life, but he ignited a movement. In a face of a crackdown, students spelled out the word, “freedom.”The balance of fear shifted from the ruler to those that he ruled. And now the people of Tunisia are preparing for elections that will move them one step closer to the democracy that they deserve.

一年前，突尼斯人民的希望受到打压。但他们选择了对铁腕统治和平抗议的尊严。一位小贩点燃了夺去自己生命的一星火花，也点燃了一场运动。面临镇压，学生们写出了“自由”这个词。恐惧的天平从有利于统治者的一侧向被统治者一侧倾斜。现在突尼斯人民正在准备选举，这将使他们向着他们应该得到的民主迈近一步。

One year ago, Egypt had known one President for nearly 30 years. But for 18 days, the eyes of the world were glued to Tahrir Square, where Egyptians from all walks of life -- men and women, young and old, Muslim and Christian -- demanded their universal rights. We saw in

those protesters the moral force of non-violence that has lit the world from Delhi to Warsaw, from Selma to South Africa -- and we knew that change had come to Egypt and to the Arab world.

一年前，埃及在将近三十年的时间里只有一个总统。但在18天中，世界的目光凝聚在自由广场，来自各界的埃及人——男女老幼、穆斯林和基督徒——要求获得他们应有的普世权利。我们在那些示威者身上看到非暴力的道义力量，从新德里到华沙、从塞尔玛到南非，它照亮了世界——我们知道，变革来到了埃及，来到了阿拉伯世界。

One year ago, the people of Libya were ruled by the world’s longest-serving dictator. But faced with bullets and bombs and a dictator who threatened to hunt them down like rats, they showed relentless bravery. We will never forget the words of the Libyan who stood up in those early days of the revolution and said, “Our words are free now.”It’s a feeling you can’t explain. Day after day, in the face of bullets and bombs, the Libyan people refused to give back that freedom. And when they were threatened by the kind of mass atrocity that often went unchallenged in the last century, the United Nations lived up to its charter. The Security Council authorized all necessary measures to prevent a massacre. The Arab League called for this effort; Arab nations joined a NA TO-led coalition that halted Qaddafi’s forces in their tracks.

一年前，利比亚人民仍然受到世界上在位时间最长的独裁者的统治。但是，面对子弹、炸弹和一个扬言要像抓老鼠一样追捕他们的独裁者，他们坚强不屈。我们永远不会忘记在革命之初挺身而出的那位利比亚人的话：“我们的言论现在是自由的。这是一种无法解释的感觉。”

日复一日，面对子弹和炸弹，利比亚人民拒绝放弃这种自由。当他们即将面临上个世纪常常被置若罔闻的大规模暴行的时候，联合国不辱其宪章，安理会授权采取一切必要措施，防止大屠杀。阿拉伯国家联盟呼吁作此努力，一些阿拉伯国家加入了北约领导的联军，及时制止了卡扎菲的军队。

In the months that followed, the will of the coalition proved unbreakable, and the will of the Libyan people could not be denied. Forty-two years of tyranny was ended in six months. From Tripoli to Misurata to Benghazi -- today, Libya is free. Y esterday, the leaders of a new Libya took their rightful place beside us, and this week, the United States is reopening our embassy in Tripoli.

This is how the international community is supposed to work -- nations standing together for the sake of peace and security, and individuals claiming their rights. Now, all of us have a responsibility to support the new Libya -- the new Libyan government as they confront the challenge of turning this moment of promise into a just and lasting peace for all Libyans.

在接下来的几个月里，事实证明，联盟的意志牢不可破，利比亚人民的意愿不可剥夺。42年的暴政在6个月内寿终正寝。从的黎波里到米苏拉塔到班加西——今天的利比亚自由了。昨天，利比亚这个新生国家的领导人在我们身旁坐上了应有的位置，本周，美国将重新开启驻的黎波里的大使馆。这就是国际社会应该如何合作——各国为了和平与安全站在一起；个人索回他们的权利。现在，我们所有人都有责任支持新的利比亚和新的利比亚政府，他们面对着把这一充满希望的时刻变成一个为所有利比亚人争取公正和持久和平的挑战。

So this has been a remarkable year. The Qaddafi regime is over. Gbagbo, Ben Ali, Mubarak are no longer in power. Osama bin Laden is gone, and the idea that change could only come through violence has been buried with him. Something is happening in our world. The way things have been is not the way that they will be. The humiliating grip of corruption and tyranny is being pried open. Dictators are on notice. Technology is putting power into the hands of the people. The youth are delivering a powerful rebuke to dictatorship, and rejecting the lie that some races, some peoples, some religions, some ethnicities do not desire democracy. The promise written down on paper -- “all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights” -- is closer at hand.

因此，这是不平凡的一年。卡扎菲政权结束了。巴博、本·阿里和穆巴拉克不再掌权。乌萨马·本·拉登毙命，只有暴力才能带来变革的谬论随他被埋葬。我们的世界在发生变化。过去的格局一去不复返。腐败和暴政的耻辱枷锁已被打开。独裁者受到警示。科技把权力放在人民手中。年轻人对独裁提出了有力的反驳，驳斥了某些人民、某些种族、某些宗教和某些民族不希望有民主的谎言。写在纸上的许诺——“人人生而自由,在尊严和权利上一律平等”——已经更接近现实。

But let us remember: Peace is hard. Peace is hard. Progress can be reversed. Prosperity comes slowly. Societies can split apart. The measure of our success must be whether people can live in sustained freedom, dignity, and security. And the United Nations and its member states must do their part to support those basic aspirations. And we have more work to do.

但是我们必须谨记：和平不是轻易得来的。和平来之不易！进步可能被逆转，获得繁荣的进程相当缓慢，社会可能分裂，衡量我们成功的标准必须要看人民是否能生活在持久的自由、尊严与安全之中，联合国及其成员国必须尽它们的责任来支持那些基本诉求。我们还有更多工作要做。

In Iran, we’ve seen a government that refuses to recognize the rights of its own people. As we meet here today, men and women and children are being tortured, detained and murdered by the Syrian regime. Thousands have been killed, many during the holy time of Ramadan. Thousands more have poured across Syria’s borders. The Syrian people have shown dignity and courage in their pursuit of justice -- protesting peacefully, standing silently in the streets, dying for the same values that this institution is supposed to stand for. And the question for us is clear: Will we stand with the Syrian people, or with their oppressors?

在伊朗，我们看到政府拒绝承认人民的权利。就在我们今天在这里开会时，叙利亚的民众，无论其性别和老幼，正在遭受该国当权者的酷刑、拘禁和残杀。数以千计的人被杀害，其中许多人在斋月（Ramadan）的神圣时刻被害。更多人从叙利亚边界出逃。叙利亚人民举行和平抗议、静默地聚集在街道上、为联合国所秉持的那些价值观献出生命，他们在对正义的追求中显示了他们的尊严和勇气。摆在我们面前的问题非常明白：我们是与叙利亚人民站在一起，还是站在他们的压迫者那一边？

Already, the United States has imposed strong sanctions on Syria’s leaders. We supported a

transfer of power that is responsive to the Syrian people. And many of our allies have joined in this effort. But for the sake of Syria -- and the peace and security of the world -- we must speak with one voice. There’s no excuse for inaction. Now is the time for the United Nations Security Council to sanction the Syrian regime, and to stand with the Syrian people.

美国已经对叙利亚领导人们进行了严格的制裁，我们已经表示支持一个符合叙利亚人民意愿的权力转移，我们的许多盟友也参加了这一努力，但是，为了叙利亚，也为了世界的和平与安全，我们必须口径一致。没有任何理由袖手旁观，现在是联合国安理会对叙利亚政权进行制裁并向叙利亚人民表示支持的时候了。

Throughout the region, we will have to respond to the calls for change. In Y emen, men, women and children gather by the thousands in towns and city squares every day with the hope that their determination and spilled blood will prevail over a corrupt system. America supports those aspirations. We must work with Y emen’s neighbors and our partners around the world to seek a path that allows for a peaceful transition of power from President Saleh, and a movement to free and fair elections as soon as possible.

在整个中东地区，我们必须对变革的呼声作出回应。在也门，数以千计的男女老幼每天聚集在城镇广场上，希望他们的决心和抛洒的鲜血将能战胜一个腐败的制度。美国支持这些诉求，我们必须与也门的邻国和我们在世界上的伙伴们共同努力，尽快找到一条能够让萨利赫（Saleh）总统和平移交权力、并将运动转变为自由、公正选举的途径。

In Bahrain, steps have been taken toward reform and accountability. We’re pleased with that, but more is required. America is a close friend of Bahrain, and we will continue to call on the government and the main opposition bloc -- the Wifaq -- to pursue a meaningful dialogue that brings peaceful change that is responsive to the people. We believe the patriotism that binds Bahrainis together must be more powerful than the sectarian forces that would tear them apart. It will be hard, but it is possible.

在巴林，政府已经朝着改革与问责的方向采取了步骤，我们对此感到欣慰，但政府还必须作出更多的努力。美国是巴林的亲密朋友，我们将继续呼吁巴林政府与主要反对派集团Wifaq进行有实质意义的对话，推行符合人民意愿的和平变革。我们相信，把巴林人民紧密联系在一起的爱国主义一定会比试图分裂他们的宗派势力更有力量。

We believe that each nation must chart its own course to fulfill the aspirations of its people, and America does not expect to agree with every party or person who expresses themselves politically. But we will always stand up for the universal rights that were embraced by this Assembly. Those rights depend on elections that are free and fair; on governance that is transparent and accountable; respect for the rights of women and minorities; justice that is equal and fair. That is what our people deserve. Those are the elements of peace that can last.

我们深信，每一个国家都必须规划其自己的道路来满足其人民的愿望，美国并不一定赞同每一表达其政治态度的党派或个人，但我们将一如既往地支持联合国大会所倡导的普世权利，那些权利端赖于自由公平的选举、透明与负责任的治理、对妇女与少数民族的尊重，以

及平等与公正的司法。这些都是我们的人民理应拥有的，也是持久和平的基本组成部分。

Moreover, the United States will continue to support those nations that transition to democracy -- with greater trade and investment -- so that freedom is followed by opportunity. We will pursue a deeper engagement with governments, but also with civil society -- students and entrepreneurs, political parties and the press. We have banned those who abuse human rights from traveling to our country. And we’ve sanctioned those who trample on human rights abroad. And we will always serve as a voice for those who’ve been silenced.

此外，美国将继续通过更多的贸易与投资来支持那些正在朝着民主过渡的国家，使获得自由后的人民有更多的机会。我们将努力与各国政府和包括学生、企业家、政治党派和媒体在内的公民社会增进交往，我们已经禁止那些侵犯人权者进入我们的国家，我们已经对在海外践踏人权者进行了制裁，我们还将一如既往地为那些被迫沉默的人们呼吁。

Now, I know, particularly this week, that for many in this hall, there’s one issue that stands as a test for these principles and a test for American foreign policy, and that is the conflict between the Israelis and the Palestinians.

我知道，特别是在本周，对于在这个大厅中的许多人，有一个问题成了这些原则的试金石，这个问题对美国外交政策也是一个考验，这就是以色列与巴勒斯坦之间的冲突。

One year ago, I stood at this podium and I called for an independent Palestine. I believed then, and I believe now, that the Palestinian people deserve a state of their own. But what I also said is that a genuine peace can only be realized between the Israelis and the Palestinians themselves. One year later, despite extensive efforts by America and others, the parties have not bridged their differences. Faced with this stalemate, I put forward a new basis for negotiations in May of this year. That basis is clear. It’s well known to all of us here. Israelis must know that any agreement provides assurances for their security. Palestinians deserve to know the territorial basis of their state.

一年前，我站在这个讲台前，为一个独立的巴勒斯坦国呼吁，当时我深信——现在也还是一样——巴勒斯坦人民理应拥有一个他们自己的国家，但是，那时我也表示，真正的和平只能通过以色列和巴勒斯坦人民自己的努力来实现。一年过去了，尽管美国和其他方作出了大量的努力，以巴双方仍然未能弥合它们之间的分歧。面对这样一个僵局，我在5月间提出了一个新的谈判基础，那个基础非常清楚明白，在座的各位也都了解。以色列人必须能够相信，任何协议均为他们的安全提供保障；巴勒斯坦人理应了解其国家的领土范围。

Now, I know that many are frustrated by the lack of progress. I assure you, so am I. But the question isn’t the goal that we seek -- the question is how do we reach that goal. And I am convinced that there is no short cut to the end of a conflict that has endured for decades. Peace is hard work. Peace will not come through statements and resolutions at the United Nations -- if it were that easy, it would have been accomplished by now. Ultimately, it is the Israelis and the Palestinians who must live side by side. Ultimately, it is the Israelis and the Palestinians -- not us –- who must reach agreement on the issues that divide them: on borders and on security, on

refugees and Jerusalem.

我知道很多人对进步缓慢感到失望气馁。我可以告诉你们，我也是一样。但问题不在于我们所寻求的目标，而在于我们如何实现这一目标。我深信，结束这一持续了几十年的冲突，没有捷径可走。和平是一件艰辛的工作。和平不会通过联合国的声明和决议就实现——如果真这么容易，它应当已经实现了。归根结底，以色列人和巴勒斯坦人必须比肩而居。归根结底，以色列人和巴勒斯坦人——而不是我们——必须在造成他们分裂的议题上达成一致：在边界和安全问题上，在难民和耶路撒冷问题上。

Ultimately, peace depends upon compromise among people who must live together long after our speeches are over, long after our votes have been tallied. That’s the lesson of Northern Ireland, where ancient antagonists bridged their differences. That’s the lesson of Sudan, where a negotiated settlement led to an independent state. And that is and will be the path to a Palestinian state -- negotiations between the parties.

归根结底，和平取决于在我们的演讲结束之后、在我们的选票统计出来之后的漫长岁月里，必须共同生活的人民相互达成妥协。这是北爱尔兰提供的经验，那里的宿敌弥合了他们之间的分歧。这是苏丹提供的经验，他们通过协商解决促成了一个独立国家的建立。而这现在是、将来也会是通向建立一个巴勒斯坦国的道路——即通过双方之间的谈判。

We seek a future where Palestinians live in a sovereign state of their own, with no limit to what they can achieve. There’s no question that the Palestinians have seen that vision delayed for too long. It is precisely because we believe so strongly in the aspirations of the Palestinian people that America has invested so much time and so much effort in the building of a Palestinian state, and the negotiations that can deliver a Palestinian state.

我们谋求这样一个未来——巴勒斯坦人在自己的主权国家生活，他们建功立业的能力不受任何制约。毫无疑问，巴勒斯坦人看到的是，这一愿景已拖延得太久。正因为我们对巴勒斯坦人民的追求深信不移，美国才为建立一个巴勒斯坦国以及可以实现建国目标的谈判投入了如此多的时间和如此巨大的努力。

But understand this as well: America’s commitment to Israel’s security is unshakeable. Our friendship with Israel is deep and enduring. And so we believe that any lasting peace must acknowledge the very real security concerns that Israel faces every single day.

Let us be honest with ourselves: Israel is surrounded by neighbors that have waged repeated wars against it. Israel’s citizens have been killed by rockets fired at their houses and suicide bombs on their buses. Israel’s children come of age knowing that throughout the region, other children are taught to hate them. Israel, a small country of less than eight million people, look out at a world where leaders of much larger nations threaten to wipe it off of the map. The Jewish people carry the burden of centuries of exile and persecution, and fresh memories of knowing that six million people were killed simply because of who they are. Those are facts. They cannot be denied.

The Jewish people have forged a successful state in their historic homeland. Israel deserves recognition. It deserves normal relations with its neighbors. And friends of the Palestinians do

them no favors by ignoring this truth, just as friends of Israel must recognize the need to pursue a two-state solution with a secure Israel next to an independent Palestine.

但是也请理解：美国对以色列安全的承诺是不可动摇的，我们与以色列的友谊深厚而长久。因此，我们认为，任何持久的和平必须顾及以色列每一天都要面临的非常现实的安全问题。让我们坦率地承认：以色列的周围是屡次对它发动战争的邻国。以色列公民曾被向他们的住宅发射的火箭弹和他们乘坐的公共汽车上的自杀性炸弹杀害。以色列儿童在成长过程中懂得，在这整个地区，其他孩子被教会要仇恨他们。以色列是一个人口不到800万人的小国家，而它面对的世界中有些比它大得多的国家的领导人却威胁要将它从地图上抹掉。犹太人民背负着几个世纪流亡及受迫害的重负，600万人仅仅因为是犹太人而被屠杀的事实仍令他们记忆犹新。

That is the truth -- each side has legitimate aspirations -- and that’s part of what makes peace so hard. And the deadlock will only be broken when each side learns to stand in the other’s shoes; each side can see the world through the other’s eyes. That’s what we should be encouraging. That’s what we should be promoting.

这些都是事实。事实不容否认。犹太人民回到历史家园并建起了一个成功的国家。以色列应该得到承认。它应该与邻国有正常的关系。巴勒斯坦人的朋友若无视这一事实，不会给巴勒斯坦人带来任何好处；正如以色列的朋友必须认识到，有必要推行一项安全的以色列与独立的巴勒斯坦并存的两国解决方案。

This body -- founded, as it was, out of the ashes of war and genocide, dedicated, as it is, to the dignity of every single person -- must recognize the reality that is lived by both the Palestinians and the Israelis. The measure of our actions must always be whether they advance the right of Israeli and Palestinian children to live lives of peace and security and dignity and opportunity. And we will only succeed in that effort if we can encourage the parties to sit down, to listen to each other, and to understand each other’s hopes and each other’s fears. That is the project to which America is committed. There are no shortcuts. And that is what the United Nations should be focused on in the weeks and months to come.

Now, even as we confront these challenges of conflict and revolution, we must also recognize -- we must also remind ourselves -- that peace is not just the absence of war. True peace depends on creating the opportunity that makes life worth living. And to do that, we must confront the common enemies of humanity: nuclear weapons and poverty, ignorance and disease. These forces corrode the possibility of lasting peace and together we’re called upon to confront them.

To lift the specter of mass destruction, we must come together to pursue the peace and security of a world without nuclear weapons. Over the last two years, we’ve begun to walk down that path. Since our Nuclear Security Summit in Washington, nearly 50 nations have taken steps to secure nuclear materials from terrorists and smugglers. Next March, a summit in Seoul will advance our efforts to lock down all of them. The New START Treaty between the United States and Russia will cut our deployed arsenals to the lowest level in half a century, and our nations are pursuing talks on how to achieve even deeper reductions. America will continue to

work for a ban on the testing of nuclear weapons and the production of fissile material needed to make them.

为了消除大规模毁灭给人们带来的恐惧，我们必须走到一起共同寻求一个没有核武器的和平与安全的世界。在过去两年中，我们已开始走上了这条道路。自华盛顿核安全峰会（Nuclear Security Summit）以来，已有将近50个国家采取步骤确保核材料不被恐怖分子和贩运分子窃取。明年3月的首尔峰会将把我们为确保所有核材料安全所作的努力向前推进一步。美俄《削减战略武器新条约》（New START Treaty）将把两国部署的核武库削减至半个世纪以来的最低水平，两国正在就如何进一步削减核武器进行会谈。美国将继续为禁止试验核武器和禁止生产制造核武器所需的裂变材料而努力。

And so we have begun to move in the right direction. And the United States is committed to meeting our obligations. But even as we meet our obligations, we’ve strengthened the treaties and institutions that help stop the spread of these weapons. And to do so, we must continue to hold accountable those nations that flout them.

The Iranian government cannot demonstrate that its program is peaceful. It has not met its obligations and it rejects offers that would provide it with peaceful nuclear power. North Korea has yet to take concrete steps towards abandoning its weapons and continues belligerent action against the South. There’s a future of greater opportunity for the people of these nations if their governments meet their international obligations. But if they continue down a path that is outside international law, they must be met with greater pressure and isolation. That is what our commitment to peace and security demands.

因此，我们已开始朝着正确的方向前进。美国在履行自己义务的同时，加强了有助于制止这些武器扩散的条约与机构。为了这样做，我们必须继续追究藐视这些条约与机构的国家的责任。伊朗政府无法证明它的核项目被用于和平目的，未能履行自己的义务，拒绝接受能向它提供和平核电的建议。北韩尚需朝着放弃其核武器及停止不断对韩国采取好战行动的方向采取具体步骤。如果这些国家的政府履行自己的义务，其人民就会享有一个提供更多机会的未来。但如果它们继续在偏离国际法的道路上走下去，那就必须对它们施加更大的压力，使其陷于更孤立的境地。这是我们对和平与安全的承诺所要求的。

To bring prosperity to our people, we must promote the growth that creates opportunity. In this effort, let us not forget that we’ve made enormous progress over the last several decades. Closed societies gave way to open markets. Innovation and entrepreneurship has transformed the way we live and the things that we do. Emerging economies from Asia to the Americas have lifted hundreds of millions of people from poverty. It’s an extraordinary achievement. And yet, three years ago, we were confronted with the worst financial crisis in eight decades. And that crisis proved a fact that has become clearer with each passing year -- our fates are interconnected. In a global economy, nations will rise, or fall, together.

为给各国人民带来繁荣，我们必须促进能创造机会的经济增长。在进行这种努力时，我们不应忘记在过去几十年中我们已经取得了巨大的进步。封闭的社会已为开放的市场所取代。创新和创业精神极大地改变了我们的生活方式和我们能够做到的事情。从亚洲到美洲的新兴经济体使亿万人民摆脱了贫困。但三年前，我们遭受了80年来最严重的金融危机。这

场危机证明了一个一年比一年更为明显的事实：我们的命运是紧密相连的；在全球经济中，各国共沉浮。

And today, we confront the challenges that have followed on the heels of that crisis. Around the world recovery is still fragile. Markets remain volatile. Too many people are out of work. Too many others are struggling just to get by. We acted together to avert a depression in 2009. We must take urgent and coordinated action once more. Here in the United States, I’ve announced a plan to put Americans back to work and jumpstart our economy, at the same time as I’m committed to substantially reducing our deficits over time.

We stand with our European allies as they reshape their institutions and address their own fiscal challenges. For other countries, leaders face a different challenge as they shift their economy towards more self-reliance, boosting domestic demand while slowing inflation. So we will work with emerging economies that have rebounded strongly, so that rising standards of living create new markets that promote global growth. That’s what our commitment to prosperity demands.

今天，我们面对着随这场危机接踵而至的各种挑战。复苏脆弱；市场多变；大量人口失业；更多的人艰难度日。我们共同采取了行动，从而避免了2009年出现大萧条。我们必须再次采取紧急、协调的行动。在美国，我已宣布一项计划，帮助美国失业者重新就业，推动我国经济向前发展。同时，我还作出承诺，逐步地大幅降低我国的赤字。在我们的欧洲盟国重整他们的机构并应对他们自身的财政挑战的努力中，我们同他们站在一起。对另一些国家来说，它们的领导人在将经济转向更大程度的自力更生、增加国内消费、遏制通胀的努力中，面临着一种不同的挑战。因此，我们将与经济强劲回升的新兴经济体合作，以使日益提高的生活水平创造能促进全球增长的新市场。这是我们对繁荣的承诺所要求的。

To combat the poverty that punishes our children, we must act on the belief that freedom from want is a basic human right. The United States has made it a focus of our engagement abroad to help people to feed themselves. And today, as drought and conflict have brought famine to the Horn of Africa, our conscience calls on us to act. Together, we must continue to provide assistance, and support organizations that can reach those in need. And together, we must insist on unrestricted humanitarian access so that we can save the lives of thousands of men and women and children. Our common humanity is at stake. Let us show that the life of a child in Somalia is as precious as any other. That is what our commitment to our fellow human beings demand.

为消除殃及我们的儿童的贫困，我们必须根据衣食无虞是一项基本人权的信念采取行动。美国已将帮助人们吃上饭作为在海外的工作中的一项重点。今天，面对干旱和冲突给非洲之角（Horn of Africa）带来的饥荒，我们的良知要求我们采取行动。我们必须共同采取行动，继续向能直接帮助陷于患难之中的灾民的组织提供援助和支持。我们必须共同采取行动，继续确保人道援助不受限制地达及灾民，以拯救成千上万的男人、妇女和儿童。我们的人类同胞正处于危难之中。让我们表明，索马里儿童的生命与任何其他儿童的生命同样宝贵。这是我们对我们人类同胞的承诺所要求的。

To stop disease that spreads across borders, we must strengthen our system of public health. We will continue the fight against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. We will focus on the

health of mothers and of children. And we must come together to prevent, and detect, and fight every kind of biological danger -- whether it’s a pandemic like H1N1, or a terrorist threat, or a treatable disease.

This week, America signed an agreement with the World Health Organization to affirm our commitment to meet this challenge. And today, I urge all nations to join us in meeting the HWO’s [sic] goal of making sure all nations have core capacities to address public health emergencies in place by 2012. That is what our commitment to the health of our people demands.

为了遏制疾病向别国扩散，我们必须加强我们的公共卫生系统。我们将继续抗击艾滋病、结核病和疟疾。我们将关注母亲和儿童的健康。我们必须携手努力，防止、监控和抗击每一种生物危险——无论是H1N1病毒、恐怖主义威胁，还是可治疗的疾病。本周，美国与世界卫生组织签署了一项协议，以重申我们致力于迎接这一挑战的承诺。今天，我敦促所有国家与我们一道实现世界卫生组织的目标，确保各国到2012年具有解决公共卫生健康突发事件的核心能力。这是我们致力于人民健康的承诺所要求的。

To preserve our planet, we must not put off action that climate change demands. We have to tap the power of science to save those resources that are scarce. And together, we must continue our work to build on the progress made in Copenhagen and Cancun, so that all the major economies here today follow through on the commitments that were made. Together, we must work to transform the energy that powers our economies, and support others as they move down that path. That is what our commitment to the next generation demands.

为了保护我们的地球，我们不能延误应对气候变化所需采取的行动。我们必须利用科学的力量，以拯救那些变得稀少的资源。我们必须继续努力，加强我们在哥本哈根和坎昆所取得的进展，从而使今天这里与会的所有主要经济体都履行已作出的承诺。我们必须携手努力，让给我们的经济提供动力的能源转型，并在其他国家沿着这条道路前行的过程中予以支持。这是我们对下一代人作出的承诺所要求的。

And to make sure our societies reach their potential, we must allow our citizens to reach theirs. No country can afford the corruption that plagues the world like a cancer. Together, we must harness the power of open societies and open economies. That’s why we’ve partnered with countries from across the globe to launch a new partnership on open government that helps ensure accountability and helps to empower citizens. No country should deny people their rights to freedom of speech and freedom of religion, but also no country should deny people their rights because of who they love, which is why we must stand up for the rights of gays and lesbians everywhere.

And no country can realize its potential if half its population cannot reach theirs. This week, the United States signed a new Declaration on Women’s Participation. Next year, we should each announce the steps we are taking to break down the economic and political barriers that stand in the way of women and girls. This is what our commitment to human progress demands.

为了确保我们的社会发挥潜力，我们必须让我们的公民发挥其潜力。任何国家都承受不起这个正像恶瘤一样吞噬世界的腐败。我们必须携手努力，利用开放型社会和开放型经济的

威力。因此，我们与世界各国合作，发起了一项新的“开放型政府”伙伴合作关系，帮助确保问责及增进公民权益。任何国家都不得剥夺其公民的言论自由和宗教自由；任何国家都不得因为其公民爱什么人而剥夺其权利，因此，我们必须保护各地同性恋者的权利。如果一国50%的人口不能发挥其潜力，那么这个国家就无法发挥潜力了。本周，美国签署了一项新的《妇女参与宣言》。明年，我们应该各自宣布我们将采取的措施，以消除妇女和女童所面临的经济和政治障碍。这是我们致力于人类发展的承诺所要求的。

I know there’s no straight line to that progress, no single path to success. We come from different cultures, and carry with us different histories. But let us never forget that even as we gather here as heads of different governments, we represent citizens who share the same basic aspirations -- to live with dignity and freedom; to get an education and pursue opportunity; to love our families, and love and worship our God; to live in the kind of peace that makes life worth living.

我知道，取得上述进展没有捷径，通往成功的道路也不是单一的。我们来自不同的文化，传承不同的历史。然而，我们不能忘却，即便是我们以不同政府元首的身份相聚于此，我们所代表的公民也都拥有共同的基本愿望——自由且有尊严地生活；受教育和寻求机会；热爱我们的家庭并敬拜我们的主/神。生活在让生命充满意义的和平之中。

It is the nature of our imperfect world that we are forced to learn these lessons over and over again. Conflict and repression will endure so long as some people refuse to do unto others as we would have them do unto us. Y et that is precisely why we have built institutions like this -- to bind our fates together, to help us recognize ourselves in each other -- because those who came before us believed that peace is preferable to war, and freedom is preferable to suppression, and prosperity is preferable to poverty. That’s the message that comes not from capitals, but from citizens, from our people.

由于这个世界并不完美，我们不得不一再汲取这些教训。只要有人拒绝接受“己所不欲，勿施于人”的原则，冲突和压迫就将长期存在。正因为如此，我们缔造了这个将我们的命运紧密相连的机构，它帮助我们通过他人认识自己，因为我们的前辈坚信和平胜于战争，自由胜于压迫，繁荣胜于贫困。这种想法不是来自各国首都，而是来自各国公民，来自我们的人民。

And when the cornerstone of this very building was put in place, President Truman came here to New Y ork and said, “The United Nations is essentially an expression of the moral nature of man’s aspirations.”The moral nature of man’s aspirations. As we live in a world that is changing at a breathtaking pace, that’s a lesson that we must never forget.

在这座大厦奠基之时，杜鲁门总统来到纽约并指出：“联合国实质上是对于人类理想的道德天性的表述。”人类理想的道德天性。由于我们的世界瞬息万变，我们必须时刻谨记这个教诲。

Peace is hard, but we know that it is possible. So, together, let us be resolved to see that it is defined by our hopes and not by our fears. Together, let us make peace, but a peace, most

importantly, that will last.

和平来之不易，但我们知道和平是可能实现的。让我们共同下定决心，以我们的希望而不是恐惧来界定和平。让我们携起手来，缔造和平，最为重要的是，缔造持久的和平。

Thank you very much. (Applause.)

谢谢。（掌声）